Unit 1 不定代词 牛津深圳版英语八年级上册语法讲义.docx

1、Unit1：不定代词不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。.不定代词包括：all , both, every, each, either, neither, more,(a) little, (a) few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。

2、一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。,不定代词用法为：不定代词+（of + 限定词 ）+ 名词注意：of 后一定要有限定词 both, all可以直接接限定词the.几组常用不定代词的区别：1.代词比较one，that 和itone表示泛指，指名称相同的另一物，或所提到的人或物中的一个。that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。 I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one. The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. I cant find my

3、 hat. I don t know where I put it.2. some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Have you got any tea?If you have any ques

4、tions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle.3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 -How many people can you see in the picture? -I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some.注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条

5、件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。注意：something, everything, nothing, anything, somebody, everybody, nobody（=no one）, anybody，none3. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别1) (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词2) a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点3)few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。 He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。 He has few friends.

6、 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。4) 固定搭配:only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)many a (=many)Many books were sold.Many a book was sold.5）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let h

7、im sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.4. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (b

8、oys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one.2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one han

9、d and an exercise-book in the other. 3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until

10、8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. P

11、lease give me another.5. every 和each的用法1)every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。 Every student in our school works hard. Each student may have one book. 2)every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。3)every不可以作状语，each可作状语。4)every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。5)every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。 Every m

12、an is not honest. Each man is not honest. 6. all和both的用法。1）all和both都表示整体，但all 都，指三者以上。both都，指两者。在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语) All the water has been used up. (作主语) Thats all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) All t

13、he leaders are here./All knowledge comes from practice. (作定语)2）both 和 all 加否定词是部分否定。如果表示全部否定，要分别用neither和none。Both of us are not good at singing. Neither of us is good at singing. All of the teachers are not foreigners. None of the teachers are foreigners. . 注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。

14、All of the students are there. All (of) the milk is there. 7.neither 与 nor的用法1) 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。 If you dont do it，neither should I.如果你不干，我也不干。2) 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。 He cant sing，nor dance，nor skate.8.neither和either的用法1）neither 表示“两者都不”，neithernor 意为“既不又不”。 either 表示“两者中的任何一个”

15、，eitheror 意为“或是，或是”Neither of the answer is right.I have neither time nor money to take a trip.Either sentence is right.You can either go or stay.9.many, much的用法 Many，much都意为许多， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。 How many people are there at the meeting? Many of the workers were at the meeting.10.anyone/any

16、one；no one/none的用法1) anyone 和 any one anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。2) no one 和none a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。 b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。 None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。 - Did any one call me up just now?-刚才有人打电话给我吗? - No one. -没有。11、代词it的用法：1）指代前面提到过的事物。如：Of cou

17、rse , I love junk food too, but I try to eat it only once a week.2)用来代替指示代词this 或that。如：-Whats this?-Its a pencil.3）指婴儿或不明身份的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is.4）指时间和季节。如：-Whats the time now?-Its ten oclock.5)表天气。如：-Whats the weather like today?-Its sunny.6)表距离。如：How fa

18、r is it from your home to your school？7）用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：a. It is adj.+(for sb ) to do sth. 如：It is important for us to work hard.b. Its time to do /for /that如：Its time to get up/ for lunch/f that we went home.c. It seems that It seems that he is quite happy.d. Its ones turn to do Its your turn to an

19、swer my question.e. Its + adj. +that如：Its necessary that you should be present at the meeting.8）作形式宾语。如：Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?9)引导强调句型 “It is /was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其他成分”。如：It was yesterday that we went to see a film.当堂练习 一. Choose the best answer( ) 1. This is a ve

20、ry old song, so _ young people know it.A: few B: little c: a few D: a little( ) 2. The two fishermen saw _ in the sky while they were fishing by a river. A: something strange B: anything strange C: strange something D: strange anything( ) 3. There arent many oranges here, but you can take _ if you w

21、ant to. A: few B: a few C: a little D: little( ) 4. There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers. A: the other B: the others C: others D: other( ) 5. My sports shoes are too small. I want to buy _ pair. A: the others B: the other C: other D: anothe

22、r( ) 6. I didnt like the cross talk. _ of the actors was funny. A: Both B: All C: Neither D: Either( ) 7. _ of us has read the story. A: Some B: Both C: All D: None( ) 8. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming, _ like ball games. A: the others B: others C: t

23、he other D: other( ) 9. There are many high-rises on _ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view! A: either B: neither C: both D: all( ) 10. Shanghai Waihuan tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us _ time to go to Pudong International Airport. A: a few B: fewer C: a little D: less(

24、 ) 11. Not long ago, our country set up a rocket with two small satellites into space. One weighed 204 kilos and _ 25 kilos. A: another B: other C: others D: the other( ) 12. In order to keep healthy, you should eat _ fast food, _ fresh vegetables and take enough exercise. A: fewer; fewer B: less; m

25、ore C: fewer; more D: less; less( ) 13. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. _ of them have set a good example to us. A: All B: Neither C: Both D: None( ) 14. Mr. Smith is quite busy today. He has _ meetings to attend. A: little B: a little C: few D: a few( ). 15. Obey the traffic r

26、ules and learn to protect yourself. _ is more important than life. A: Nothing B: Something C: Everything D: Anything( ) 16. Can we do our work better with _ money and _ people? A: less, few B: less, fewer C: little;, less D: few, less( ) 17. He has two flats in London. However, _ is new. A: both B:

27、neither C: all D: none( ) 18. There is _ with your watch. It gets slower every day. A: nothing wrong B: something wrong C: wrong something D: wrong nothing( ) 19. It seems that he has got _ to show us. Lets go and enjoy it. A: something interesting B: interesting something C: nothing something D: in

28、teresting nothing( ) 20. _ of your answers is right. Please try a third time. A: Neither B: None C: Either D: Both( ) 21. _ Kathy _ Alice _ at home last Sunday. A: Neither, nor, were B: Both, and, was C: Either, or, was D: Not only, but also, were( ) 22. _ of the winners has been awarded a prize. A:

29、 Every B: everyone C: Each D: Both( ) 23. There is _ ink in my pen. Would you give me _? A: little, a little B: a little, little C: few, a few C: a few, few( ) 24. The days in winter are shorter than _ in summer. A: those B: that C: these D: them( ) 25. They dont go to Europe for holiday, _. A: neit

30、her will we B: neither do we C: so will we D: so we will( ) 26. It must be your first time to meet each other. Let me do the introduction. _ is Mr. Smith. A: He B: There C: This D: That ( ) 27. Im hungry. I want _ to eat. _ can do. A: something, Something B: anything, Anything C: something, Anything

31、 D: anything, Something( ) 28. _ of us likes this song in our class. A: None B: No one C: All D: Both( ) 29. I have a sister and two brothers. _ of them are now in Japan. A: Both B: Everyone C: Either D: All( )30. Is there any water in the bottle? No, _. A: none B: nothing C: not many D: quite a few

32、( ) 31. Her work is better than _ in our class. A: anyone B: anyones C: anyones else D: anyone elses( ) 32. Which do you prefer, the red one or the green one? _. A: None B: Any C: Either D: Every( ) 33. _ is interested in such a silly play. A: No one B: None of us C: All of us D: We all二. Rewrite th

33、e sentences as required1. Both Tom and Tim are good at sports. （ 改为否定句 ）_ _ Tom _ Tim _ good at sports.2. This problem is so difficult that nobody can work it out. （ 保持原意 ）This problem is _ _ difficult for _ _ to work out.3. All of them are teachers. （ 改为否定句 ）_ _ of them _ a teacher.4. This answer i

34、s wrong. That answer is also wrong. （ 保持句意 ）_ _ this answer _ _ that one is right.三、用some，any，no，every与thing，one，body构成的复合不定代词填空。 1. Dont worry. There is _ wrong with you. 2. If you dont tell _ about it, _ will know. 3.Can you hear _? Yes, but I cant see _. 4. Please get _ ready at once. Well go at

35、nine oclock. 5. Would you like _ to eat? 6. Is there _ here? I want some help. 7. Listen! _ is coming. 课后巩固一、单项选择1. Wow! Youve got so many clothes.-But _ of them is in fashion now.A. all B. both C. neither D. none2. Charles was alone at home, with_ looking after him.A. someone B. anyone C. not one D

36、. no one3. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _ of them.A other B any C none D some4. The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get_ completely free.A. other B. others C. one D. ones 5. Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in_way or another for the better. A.

37、any B. one C. every D. either 6. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everything B: anything C. something D. nothing 7. -The exam was difficult, wasnt it? -No, but I dont think _ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D everybody 8There is _ with your car. A. noth

38、ing seriously wrong B. seriously wrong nothing C. nothing wrong seriously D. wrong seriously nothing 9He asked me if there was _ to read. A. easy enough something B. enough easy something C. something easy enough D. something enough easy 10. Is _ here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybod

39、yB. somebody C. everybodyD. nobody11. One weeks time has been wasted. I cant believe we did all that work for _. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything参考答案当堂练习一、1-5 AABCD6-10 CDBAD11-15 DBCDA 16-20 BBBAA21-25 CCAAB26-30 CCADA31-33 DCB二、1.Neither, nor2.too, anyone3.None, is4.Neither, nor三、1.nothing2.anything, nobody3.anything, anything4.something5.something6.anyone7.something课后巩固1-5 DDBCB6-10 ABACC11.B