Unit 1 单元话题阅读理解练习-2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修第二册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）.docx

1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists单元话题阅读理解专项练习(名校最新真题)（2022广西南宁三中高二期中）To solve the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they pro

2、duce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University led the project. A decade ago, he chose to focus on the problem posed by microplastics. Theyre ev

3、erywherefrom the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. Theyve turned up in drinking water. Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the worlds waters. The plastic has many sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.In lab experiments, th

4、e star-shaped swimmers stuck onto each of four different types of plastic. And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics. It wasnt muchonly by percent. But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down. They also caused the surface of the plas

5、tic to change from smooth to rough. Thats another sign that the robots were degrading (分解) it. The new study is a proof of concept type. That means it shows something can be done successfully.In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these micr

6、orobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all. The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment, although Pumera says thats their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a wastewater-treatment plant. “Indeed,” says one researcher. “Well need a lot o

7、f testing to show that theyre safe in open waterways, such as at sea.”1What does the underlined word “brainchild” in paragraph 1 refer to?.AideaBhopeCprojectDroutine2What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2?AThe purpose of Pumeras project.BThe preciousness of drinking water.CThe seriousness of p

8、lastic pollution.DThe working principle of the microrobots.3What shows the effectiveness of the microrobots in lab experiments?AThe weight loss of the plastics.BThe disappearance of the plastics.CThe shape change of the microrobots.DThe improvement in the quality of water.4Which of the following is

9、a suitable title for the text?AWays to Obtain Cleaner Drinking WaterBMicrorobots Invented to Treat WastewaterCNew Hope for the Solution to Plastic PollutionDTechnology Widely Applied in Environment Protection（2022湖南 邵东市第一中学高二阶段练习）Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot c

10、ars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way fo

11、r companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on

12、 our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),

13、 policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do

14、 we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages

15、 urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take pu

16、blic transport an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from tran

17、sportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-drivi

18、ng technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend

19、the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.

20、5As for driverless cars, what is the authors major concern?ASafety.BSide effects.CAffordability.DManagement.6According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _.Ahelp deal with transportation-related problemsBprovide better services to customersCcause damage to our environ

21、mentDmake some people lose jobs7What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AEmployed.BReplaced.CShared.DReduced.8What is the authors attitude to the future of self-driving cars?ADoubtful.BPositive.CDisapproving.DSympathetic.（2022山东师范大学附中高二阶段练习）How intelligent can a computer

22、 be? May be you can get the answer after reading the following passage about a newly-developed US computer program called Smarter Child and the Internet.If you ran into Smarter Child online, you would be surprised at this kids huge memory. It can recite many facts. For example, Smarter Child knows e

23、very baseball player in every team this season.He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city areas across the US. However, if you ask Smarter Child other questions, you get strange answers. A question about Smarter Childs age returns, “One year, 11 days, 16 hours, 7 minut

24、es, and 47 seconds!” Asking where he lives, “In a clean room in a high-tech building in California.”Smarter Child uses the huge information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank. To answer questions about spelling, for instance, Smarter Child goes to American Heritage Dictionary online. For the w

25、eather, he visits .Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet, an artificial being with the combined knowledge of, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born. However, if Smarter Child wants to think and learn on his own like the boy-computer D

26、avid in the movie AI. Artificial Intelligence, he must solve two problems.The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are sorted in different ways. Thats why programmers need to tell Smarter Child where to look for the weather. It would be a much more difficult

27、task to let him find it himself.Another problem is that while Smarter Child can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks(缺少) common sensea basic grounding of knowledge that is obvious(明显的) to any young child.9Which of the following cannot be done by Smart Child?ASpellin

28、g words.BRecording facts.CKnowing players names.DAnswering personal questions.10What do we know about ?AIt is designed to help Smarter Child.BIt is about artificial intelligence.CIt helps people find Smarter Child.DIt can forecast the weather.11Which of the following is the most difficult for Smart

29、Child?ADistinguishing right behaviors from wrong ones.BTelling how the American government is run.CProviding a famous poem by Shakespeare.DDealing with information accurately.12Whats the best title of the text?AWhere is artificial intelligence leading us?BCan Smart Child have critical thinking?CHow

30、intelligent can Smart Child be?DDoes Smart Child have combined knowledge?（2022四川射洪中学高二阶段练习）It is a great, big, wide-open sky over our heads, but when you are flying in a jet airliner at 600 miles an hour, the sky is not so big. Thats part of the reason why, in the first four months of this year, the

31、 government said only 72 percent of all flights arrived on time, the lowest number since the recent system of reporting began in 1995.The runways are full, the planes are jammed, and air traffic controllers complain theyre stressed out. And the radar systems that keep things going are, in large part

32、, technology of the 1960s. “Its like driving down the road with a paper bag over your head, and youre trying to stay out of the way of other cars,” says Captain Karen Lee, a 747 pilot who heads operations for UPS, the delivery service.At its center in Louisville, UPS is experimenting with the next g

33、eneration in air traffic control: planes guided by the satellites of the Global Positioning System, instead of radar.Though it has advanced greatly over the years, radar is a technology that dates back to the second World War . It scans the sky, looking for signals from planes in the air. Typically,

34、 air traffic radar only updates a planes position once every 12 seconds or soand in 12 seconds, a jet can move two miles or make a turn. Whats more, radar signals can be blocked by storms or mountains. But with GPS signals, pilots can see in real time exactly where they are, and where other planes a

35、re, too. A readout screen in the cockpit (驾驶舱) tells the pilots whats around them.“What we end up with is a very exact location for each aircraft in the system,” said Basil Barimo of the Air Transport Association, which represents airlines.13According to the passage, we know that_.Athe sky over our

36、heads is becoming smallerBthe condition of air traffic is terrible nowCthe service of air companies is quite badDfewer and fewer planes are in the sky14The planes are jammed, mainly because_.Athe number of planes is increasing too fastBthe control system hasnt kept up with the development of air tra

37、fficCthere is not enough room for so many planes in the skyDthe weather has become worse these years15What kind of air control system will be used instead of radar?AThe Global Positioning System.BA more advanced radar system.CA new unusual satellite.DA readout screen in the cockpit.16Which of the fo

38、llowing is a disadvantage of the radar system? AIt can only update a planes position once every 12 minutes.BIts signals may not be received because of certain reasons.CThe cost of radar is higher than the cost of the Global Positioning System.DNothing can be done to improve the air traffic condition

39、（2020云南民族大学附属中学高二期中）Will there be a time in our lives when cars dont crash (碰撞) ? Will our cars drive themselves when we just sit back and relax? Auto technology experts say “yes”. And they say that some of those advances may happen quicker than you might think.They will require the users to input t

40、he name of the destination or the complete address of the location that they want to go and the cars artificial intelligence takes them there automatically without a driver. They will run on solar power in the daytime and ethanol (乙醇) fuel at night. Toyota, BMW and Honda will completely control the

41、trade of driverless car business together and will have the cheapest driverless cars. Fossil fuels will be completely prohibited in these cars.Driverless cars will not require a drivers license of any grade to operate. Anyone with basic literacy and computer skills who are at least 16 years of age w

42、ill be legally allowed to operate the vehicle with absolutely no restrictions. This would give the young users permission to operate the driverless cars on major highways as well as secondary roads without needing a separate classification.Whats more, there will be no more automobile accidents after

43、 the year 2025. This is because the driverless cars will have all safety methods in place by the cars artificial intelligence to prevent automobile accidents. Global positioning systems will become a must in all newly-manufactured cars after 2010, and will be the most important part in the driverles

44、s cars.17What is the purpose of raising questions in Paragraph1?ATo predict the future of our lives.BTo compare different kinds of cars.CTo show the importance of safe driving.DTo introduce the topic of driverless cars.18What can we learn from driverless cars ?AThey need more fossil fuels.BThey run

45、on solar power only.CThey are environmentally-friendly.DThey operate driving by themselves.19What will prevent the driverless cars from crashing?AArtificial intelligence.BGlobal positioning systems.CThe people inside.DAutomatic devices.20Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?AT

46、he Solutions To Car Safety.BThe Future of Driverless Cars.CThe Competition in Car business.DThe Technology in Car Industry.（2022全国高二阶段练习）Alibaba Cloud and the Hangzhou city government announced the launch of ET City Brain 2.0, a cloud-powered and AI-driven urban traffic-management system that aims t

47、o increase the citys efficiency.After over two years of testing in Alibabas home base, ET City Brain has become the new infrastructure (基础设施) for Hangzhou, with a total coverage of 420 square kilometers in area, including over 1,300 traffic lights. Over 200 traffic officers are connected via mobile

48、phones, enabling them to receive real-time alerts on any traffic-related emergencies.In version 2.0, the system will optimize the citys firefighting abilities by providing key information to firefighters, such as water pressure, the number and position of fire hydrants (消防栓) in a given area, the loc

49、ation of gas pipes and other details they need to know. The information is instant, making the entire firefighting process faster, safer and more accurate.City Brain gives meaning to data. By using AI and advanced algorithms (计算程序), City Brain is able to analyze a large amount of data and turn them

50、into useful information in real-time speed.As a result of City Brains ability to predict traffic flow, detect accidents and provide instant feedback, Hangzhou has dropped from 5th to the 57th on the list of Chinas most congested cities. Hangzhou is probably the only city that can tell you how many c

51、ars are on the street at any given time.In the case of medical emergencies, City Brain is able to change traffic lights, so emergency vehicles like ambulances and fire trucks can head to the scene without interruption, accelerating their arrival time by 49%.Dr. Wang Jian, head of Alibabas Technology

52、 Steering Committee who invented the term “City Brain”，said the system is designed to empower a city to act quickly and directly. It is more than just about traffic management. Its really about how to make city more livable at a time of shrinking natural resources around the globe. “It is a matter o

53、f sustainability, while using as little natural resources as possible,” Wang said, “This is just the beginning.”21What benefit will ET City Brain bring?ALess traffic jam.BLower crime rates.CEfficient government.DImproved medical care.22Which of the following functions of the City Brain is NOT mentio

54、ned in the text?APredicting traffic flow.BGiving quick feedback.CChanging traffic lights.DHandling traffic accidents.23Which of the following best explains the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 3?APractise.BBetter.COperate.DEmphasize.24What can we conclude from the last paragraph?AET City Brai

55、n 2.0 is a mature version.BAlibaba targets environment-friendly development.CThe government is devoted to improving the system.DThe system can solve the problem of lack of resources.（2022浙江邵外高二阶段练习）If you could change your childs DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It coul

56、d be possible because of technology known as CRISPR-C, or just CRISPR.CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme (酶) that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editin

57、g DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly.The uses of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimers disease to cancer to HIV. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer-killing genes into a patients immune system, the technology could help great

58、ly.The US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPRs ethics (伦理问题). For example, CRISPR doesnt work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives p

59、eople what qualities.There are also moral questions around “playing God”. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happeningfor example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldnt keep going.Also, according to The Economist, gene

60、 editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can an

61、d cant do with CRISPR. “Its still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe, “Were just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.”25What is the passage mainly about?AWhat we can and cant do with CRISPR

62、.BThe advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics.CHow CRISPR was developed by scientists.DScientists experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos.26What does the writer mean by saying “playing God” in Paragraph 5?APlaying jokes on religious people.BAsking God to help deal with moral qu

63、estions.CFollowing the instructions of God.DDoing things that go against nature.27According to the passage, the technology of CRISPR _.Ais very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking forBis very helpful to cure people of any diseaseCcould cause parents to make unwise choices for their child

64、renDcould help us understand how complicated life is（2022辽宁高二阶段练习）Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William G. Kaelin, Jr. of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcl

65、iffe of Oxford University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza of Johns Hopkins University were jointly awarded the prize.“The meaningful discoveries by this years Nobel winners showed lifes most adaptive processes,” Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly at Swedens Karolin

66、ska Institute said. “The three physicians found the molecular switch(分子开关)that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.”“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability,” Johnson said. “As an embryo(胚胎) grows and develops, and as muscles work, the oxygen av

67、ailable changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way to adjust to the amount of oxygen they have, while still doing their important jobs.”The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.Ka

68、elin was born in New York and received an M. Dfrom Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston.Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire, the United Kingdom, and studied medicine at Gonville and

69、 Caius College at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford. He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London and a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.Semenza was born in New York. He obtained a BAin biology from Harv

70、ard and his M. Dfrom the University of Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.28What can we know about the three scientists?AThey studied different fields.B

71、They shared one prize.CThey researched heart disease.DThey found the function of embryos.29What did Johnson think of the discoveries?AImportant.BMeaningless.CInteresting.DDisappointing.30What does the underlined word “exploit” in paragraph 4 mean?ADevelop.BHandle.CStress.DFollow.31What do the last t

72、hree paragraphs mainly talk about?AThe three scientists achievements.BThe influence of the discoveries.CThe example set by the three scientists.DThe introduction of the three scientists.参考答案：1A2C3A4C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。1词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“To solve the problem of tiny plastics

73、 polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. ”（为了解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，捷克共和国的化学家们正在从小处着眼。）根据划线词所在句“Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil.”（他们的brainchild是一种新型的微型机器人，只有削尖的铅笔尖大小。）由第一句可知，捷克共和国的化学家们正在想办法解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，划线词承接前文，所以划线词所在

74、句指化学家们的解决问题的想法是用一种微型机器人，因此划线词的含义为“解决方法；想法”，故选A。2主旨大意题。根据文章第二段最后两句“Theyre everywherefrom the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. Theyve turned up in drinking water. Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the worlds waters. The plastic has many sourc

75、es, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.（它们无处不在从海底到吹到山顶冰上的空气。它们已经出现在饮用水里了。一些研究估计，数十亿塑料最终进入世界水域。塑料有许多来源，从购物袋到洗涤和清洁湿巾）”可知，本段讲述微塑料分布广泛，甚至出现在饮用水当中。C项“塑料污染的严重性”符合题意。故选C项。3细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics（并且在暴露于光线一周后，机器人减轻了

76、塑料的重量。）”和第四句话“But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down.（但这表明它们正在分解塑料）”可知，塑料在暴露于光线后，其重量会减轻，说明光线正在分解塑料，使其重量损失。A项“塑料的重量损失”符合题意。故选A项。4主旨大意题。根据第一段“To tackle the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is

77、a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.”（为了解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，捷克共和国的化学家们从小事做起。 他们的

78、创意是一个新的微型机器人，它还没有削尖的铅笔尖那么大。 当阳光照射到它们时，它们会产生化学反应，推动它们在水中朝特定的方向移动。 当它们发现一块塑料时，就会粘在上面，并开始分解它。）可知文章主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。C项“解决塑料污染的新希望”符合题意。故选C项。5D6A7A8B【导语】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。5推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportati

79、on systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.( 不管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于这种转变如何被规范)”，再根据文章最后一句话“The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. (未来的汽车就要来了。我们只需要为它做计划。)”可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理，故选D。6推理判断题。根

80、据第二段“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. (尽管迄今为止的大部分辩论都集中在无人驾驶

81、汽车的安全问题上（这是理所当然的），但决策者也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何帮助减少交通堵塞、减少排放，以及提供更方便、更实惠的出行选择。)”可知，政策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。7词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. (更少的排放和更便宜的旅行听起来很吸引人。)”可推知划线单词所在句子The first commercially available driv

82、erless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)的意思是：考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，第一批商用无人驾驶汽车几乎肯定会由叫车服务提供(责任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed被

83、应用;B. Replaced被取代;C. Shared被分享;D. Reduced被减少。故选A。8推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. (即将到来的技术进步为

84、城市和州提供了一个发展交通系统的机会，该系统旨在以更经济的方式运送更多的人。未来的汽车就要来了。我们只需要为它做计划。)”中的 advancement, move more people, and more affordably以及plan for it可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。9B10D11A12C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了关于美国新开发的电脑程序“智能孩子”以及它的功能和限制等。9细节理解题。根据第二段“If you ran into Smarter Child online, you would be surprised at this kids huge memory

85、. It can recite many facts. For example, Smarter Child knows every baseball player in every team this season.（如果你在网上运行“智能孩子”，你会惊讶于它的巨大记忆力。它能背诵许多事实。例如，“智能孩子”认识本赛季每支球队的每一位棒球运动员。）”可知C项正确，根据第三段第一二句“He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city areas across the US. However, if

86、 you ask Smarter Child other questions, you get strange answers.（他知道字典里的每一个单词，知道美国每个大城市的天气情况。然而，如果你问“智能孩子”其他问题，你会得到奇怪的答案。）”可知，智能孩子能回答私人问题，D项正确，根据第四段第二句“To answer questions about spelling, for instance, Smarter Child goes to American Heritage Dictionary online.（例如，要回答拼写方面的问题，“智能孩子”会去美国传统在线词典(American

87、 Heritage Dictionary)。）”智能孩子会拼写单词，A项正确，因此得出答案，智能孩子不能记录事实，只能背诵事实。故选B项。10细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“For the weather, he visits . （有关天气信息，他可以访问。）”可知，这里是说这个网站可以预报天气。故选D项。11推理判断题。根据最后一段“Another problem is that while Smarter Child can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks(缺少) common

88、sensea basic grounding of knowledge that is obvious(明显的) to any young child.（另一个问题是，尽管“智能孩子”能比任何人更准确、更快地处理信息，但他缺乏常识对任何小孩子来说都显而易见的基本知识基础。）”可知，智能孩子判断不出来正确或者错误的行为，因为缺乏常识。故选A项。12主旨大意题。本篇文章是“总-分”结构，文章第一段“How intelligent can a computer be? May be you can get the answer after reading the following passage

89、about a newly-developed US computer program called Smarter Child and the Internet.（计算机能有多智能?读完下面这篇关于美国新开发的电脑程序“智能孩子和互联网”的文章，也许你就能得到答案了。）”可知，文章开头就点名了主题，即“智能孩子有多智能？”。故选C项。13B14B15A16B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今空中交通状况很糟糕，飞机很拥挤，主要是因为管制系统没有跟上空中交通的发展。所以如今正在试验下一代空中交通控制系统：由全球定位系统卫星而不是雷达引导的飞机。13细节理解题。根据第二段中“The ru

90、nways are full, the planes are jammed, and air traffic controllers complain theyre stressed out.(跑道上挤满了飞机，飞机上也挤满了（人），空中交通管制员抱怨他们压力很大)”可知，现在空中交通状况很糟糕。故选B。14细节理解题。根据第二段中“And the radar systems that keep things going are, in large part, technology of the 1960s. “Its like driving down the road with a pap

91、er bag over your head, and youre trying to stay out of the way of other cars,” says Captain Karen Lee, a 747 pilot who heads operations for UPS, the delivery service.(而维持一切运转的雷达系统，在很大程度上是20世纪60年代的技术。“这就像在路上开车，头上罩着一个纸袋，还要尽量避开其他车，”负责快递服务公司联合包裹运营的波音747飞行员卡伦李说)”可知，空中飞机很拥挤，主要是因为管制系统没有跟上空中交通的发展。故选B。15细节理解

92、题。根据第三段“At its center in Louisville, UPS is experimenting with the next generation in air traffic control: planes guided by the satellites of the Global Positioning System, instead of radar.(在其位于路易斯维尔的中心，联合包裹公司正在试验下一代空中交通控制系统：由全球定位系统卫星而不是雷达引导的飞机)”可知，全球定位系统的空中控制系统将用来代替雷达。故选A。16细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Whats mo

93、re, radar signals can be blocked by storms or mountains.(更重要的是，雷达信号可能会被风暴或山脉阻挡)”可知，雷达系统的缺点是由于某些原因，它的信号可能接收不到。故选B。17D18C19A20B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了未来的无人驾驶汽车的便捷性和安全性。17推理判断题。根据第一段中的设问“Will there be a time in our lives when cars dont crash (碰撞) ? Will our cars drive themselves when we just sit back and rela

94、x? Auto technology experts say “yes”. And they say that some of those advances may happen quicker than you might think. (在我们的生命中，会不会有一天汽车不会发生碰撞? 如果我们只是坐着放松，我们的汽车会自动驾驶吗? 汽车技术专家的回答是肯定的。他们说，其中一些进展可能比你想象的要快。)”可知，第一段中用设问的方式提出问题的目的是为了引出无人驾驶汽车的话题。故选D。18推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“They will run on solar power in the day

95、time and ethanol (乙醇) fuel at night. (它们白天使用太阳能，晚上使用乙醇燃料。)”可知，无人驾驶汽车是环境友好型的。故选C。19细节理解题。根据末段第二句“This is because the driverless cars will have all safety methods in place by the cars artificial intelligence to prevent automobile accidents. (这是因为无人驾驶汽车将具备所有的安全措施，由汽车的人工智能来防止汽车事故。)”可知，汽车的人工智能可以防止汽车事故。故选

96、A。20主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段最后两句“Auto technology experts say “yes”. And they say that some of those advances may happen quicker than you might think. (汽车技术专家的回答是肯定的。他们说，其中一些进展可能比你想象的要快。)”以及最后一段的首句“Whats more, there will be no more automobile accidents after the year 2025. (更重要的是，2025年后将不会有更多的汽车事故。)”可知，本文主要

97、介绍了无人驾驶汽车的未来。故选B。21A22D23B24B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阿里云和杭州市政府宣布推出ET City Brain 2.0，这是一个云驱动和人工智能驱动的城市交通管理系统，旨在提高城市的效率。21细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Alibaba Cloud and the Hangzhou city government announced the launch of ET City Brain 2.0, a cloud-powered and AI-driven urban traffic-management system that aims to increa

98、se the citys efficiency.(阿里云和杭州市政府宣布推出ET城市大脑2.0，这是一个云计算和人工智能驱动的城市交通管理系统，旨在提高城市的效率。)”可知，ET城市大脑会提高城市效率，即带来更少的交通堵塞。故选A项。22细节理解题。根据文章第五段“As a result of City Brains ability to predict traffic flow, detect accidents and provide instant feedback, Hangzhou has dropped from 5th to the 57th on the list of Chi

99、nas most congested cities.(由于“城市大脑”预测交通流量、检测事故并提供即时反馈的能力，杭州在中国最拥堵城市排行榜上从第5位跌至第57位。)”可知A项和B项正确，再根据第六段“In the case of medical emergencies, City Brain is able to change traffic lights(在医疗紧急情况下，“城市大脑”能够改变交通灯)”可知，C项正确，所以D项文章没有提到。故选D项。23词义猜测题。根据画线词的下文“by providing key information to firefighters, such as

100、water pressure, the number and position of fire hydrants (消防栓) in a given area, the location of gas pipes and other details they need to know.The information is instant, making the entire firefighting process faster, safer and more accurate.(通过向消防员提供关键信息，如水压、给定区域内消防栓的数量和位置、燃气管道的位置和其他他们需要知道的细节。这些信息是即

101、时的，使整个灭火过程更快、更安全、更准确。)”可知，系统通过向消防员提供关键信息来使城市消防能力更好，所以可以推断出，画线词的意思是“使更好”。故选B项。24推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is more than just about traffic management. Its really about how to make city more livable at a time of shrinking natural resources around the globe. “It is a matter of sustainability, while using as lit

102、tle natural resources as possible,” Wang said, “This is just the beginning.”(它不仅仅是交通管理。这是关于如何在全球自然资源不断减少的时候使城市更宜居。“这是一个可持续发展的问题，同时使用尽可能少的自然资源，”王说，“这只是一个开始。”)”可知，这个系统的目标是环境友好型发展。故选B项。25B26D27C【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要谈论CRISPR的优势以及有关伦理道德的争论。25主旨大意题。由第三段中的“The uses of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed

103、for everything from Alzheimers disease to cancer to HIV. (CRISPR的使用可能意味着治疗从阿尔茨海默病到癌症再到艾滋病毒的所有疾病都得到了发展)”，第四段中的“The US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPRs ethics (伦理问题). (美国国家科学院计划讨论有关CRISPR道德规范的问题)”和第五段中的“There are also moral questions around “playing God”.(“playing

104、God”也有道德问题)”可知，本文主要谈论 CRISPR的优势以及有关伦理道德的争论，B项概括了文章主旨。故选B项。26词句猜测题。由第二段中的“There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. (还有其他编辑DNA的方法，但CRISPR将非常简单、快速、准确地进行编辑)”，第四段中的“In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives peopl

105、e what qualities. (此外，我们目前似乎对DNA赋予人们什么样的品质知之甚少)”和第五段中的“(“playing God”也有道德问题。当然，医学已经阻止了自然现象的发生，例如，它使人们免受感染)”可知，CRISPR是一种对基因进行编辑的技术，虽然医学已经阻止了某些自然现象的发生（如使人们免受感染），但这种基因编纂技术是违背人自然规律的事情，playing God意为“做违背自然的事”。故选D项。27细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make cho

106、ices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”(此外，据经济学人报道，基因编辑可能意味着父母做出的选择显然不符合孩子的最佳利益：“聋哑父母可能更喜欢他们的孩子也聋；父母可能会不惜一切代价让他们的孩子更聪明。”)”可知，CRISPR技术可能导致父母为孩

107、子做出不明智的选择。故选C项。28B29A30A31D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的三位科学家。28细节理解题。根据首段首句“Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”（三位研究细胞如何感知和适应氧气变化机制的科学家被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）可知，三位科学家共享了诺贝尔奖，故选B项。29推理判断题。根据第二段首句“The meaningful

108、 discoveries by this years Nobel winners showed lifes most adaptive processes,” Randall Johnson”（Randall Johnson说：“今年诺贝尔奖获得者的重大发现显示了生命最具适应性的过程”）可知，他认为这项发现是重要的，故选A项。30词义猜测题。根据第四段“The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.”（委员会说这项发现对生理学至关重要，能够exploit 新的策略来对抗贫血、癌症和其他疾病）可知，此处表示“产生新的方法”之意，develop“开发”符合，故选A项。31主旨大意题。纵观最后三段可知，主要介绍了三位科学家的出生地、求学和工作等相关信息，故选D项。