Unit 3单元话题阅读理解练习-2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津译林版2020）.docx

1、 Unit 3单元话题阅读理解专项练习(名校最新真题)（2021江苏苏州高二阶段练习）The Renaissance(文艺复兴)is generally considered to have started in Florence, Italy around the years 1350 to 1400. The start of the Renaissance also was the end of the Middle Ages.HumanismIn the Middle Ages people thought that life was nothing but hard work and

2、 war. However, around the 1300s, the people in Florence , Italy started to think that people should be educated and that things like art, music, and science could make life better for everyone.Florence, ItalyAt the start of the Renaissance, Italy was divided up into a number of powerful city-states.

3、 One of the major city-states was Florence.In the late 1300s, Florence had become a rich city. Wealthy businessmen had the money to hire artisans (工匠). This inspired competitions among artists and thinkers. Art began to flourish (繁荣)and new thoughts began to appear.Petrarch and HumanismFrancesco Pet

4、rarch is often called the “Father of Humanism”. He studied poets and philosophers from Ancient Rome such as Cicero and Virgil. His ideas and poetry became an inspiration to many writers and poets throughout all of Europe as the Renaissance spread.Giotto di BondoneGiotto was a painter in Florence, It

5、aly. He was the first painter to break away from the standard Byzantine style painting of the Middle Ages and try something new. Giotto is said to have started the Renaissance in art with his new style of realistic painting.DanteAnother major contributor to the start of the Renaissance was Dante Ali

6、ghieri.He lived in Florence and wrote the Divine Comedy in the early 1300s. This book is considered to be the greatest literary work ever written in the Italian language.New Ideas SpreadThis new way of thinking and style of art quickly spread to other wealthy Italian city-states. This early part of

7、the Renaissance is often called the Italian Renaissance. Italy would become wealthy through trade and their new ideas soon spread throughout all of Europe.1In the Middle Ages people thought that _ .Alife was really hardBlife could be enjoyable Cthey could be educatedDthey should live differently2Whi

8、ch of the following was the first Renaissance painter ?AFrancesco PetrarchBGiotto di BondoneCDante AlighieriDCicero3What would be the best title for the text ?AWhat does the Renaissance mean ?BHow did the Renaissance begin?CThe artists in the RenaissanceDLiterature in the Renaissance4The text is mos

9、t probably taken from _.Aa book reviewBa history paperCa newspaper advertisementDa travel magazine（2022黑龙江哈九中高二开学考试）In 1803, the United States acquired a huge new piece of land called the Louisiana Territory. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were given the job of leading an expedition to collect d

10、ata about this uncharted territory. President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark three tasks for the journey: Find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean, make friends with the Native Americans along the way, and gather detailed information about the plants, animals, landforms (地形), and climate

11、of the area.In order to discover if there was an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark attempted to travel up the Mississippi River by boat. In this way, they hoped that they would eventually reach the Pacific. Ultimately, the explorers discovered the Rocky Mountains and the Continen

12、tal Divide, but not the Pacific Ocean. The hope for an all-water route from the East to the Pacific would have to be abandoned.Lewis and Clarks second task was to make friends with Native Americans in the area. They packed hundreds of pounds of gifts for the indigenous people, including beads, sewin

13、g needles, cloth, yarn, and knives. Their intention was to use these items as offerings of peace and good faith. However, many tribes were hostile. They felt threatened by the Americans presence and refused to communicate with them. Other tribes were more welcoming and aided the explorers in finding

14、 food and navigating the new region.The explorers final task was extensive and ongoing. Lewis and Clark had to take detailed notes about the landforms and climate of the different areas through which they travelled. President Jefferson also wanted samples of notable plant and animal life. They prepa

15、red animal fur and plant samples to send back to the president throughout the trip. They also kept individual journals with detailed descriptions and drawings of the environment and terrain (地势).Up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, across the Great Plains, over the Rockies, down the Columbia Rive

16、r, and to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark travelled. After 3 years, Jefferson received a letter from Lewis stating, “It is with great pleasure that I announced to you the safe arrival of myself and my partner. In obedience to your orders, we have penetrated (穿过)the continent of North America to t

17、he Pacific Ocean.”5Which of the following is Not among the tasks that President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark?AFind a direct waterway from the U.S. to the Pacific Ocean.BCollect geographic and ecological information about the unknown area.CLocate the Rocky Mountains and the Continental Divid

18、e.DBuild relationships with the Native Americans on the way.6What does the underlined word “hostile” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ADetermined not to change their attitudes.BVery unfriendly or aggressive.CNot wanting to talk to other people.DBelonging to a very simple society.7What can we learn about

19、 the final task?AThe task was less challenging than the former two tasks.BThe task required a wide range of knowledge and skills.CThe task focused on collecting data about landforms and climate.DLewis and Clark didnt send back samples until they finished their journey.8What can we infer from the tex

20、t?ALewis and Clark had to turn back before completing their tasks.BLewis and Clark successfully found an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean.CLewis and Clark finished the expedition without the help of Native Americans.DThe expedition covered the area from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean

21、.（2017湖南新邵县教研室高二期末）The Taklimakan (塔克拉玛干) Desert in western China has one of the world s most difficult environments. With no water, fierce winds and terrible sandstorms, the temperatures get as hot as 40 in summer and as cold as -20 in winter. Yet, even though it was such a difficult environment, m

22、any people in history have traveled through the Taklimakan Desert. Why would anyone want to do this? Cutting through this desert was the famous Silk Road, the main trading route between China and Europe.In China, the Silk Road ran through the ancient city of Kashgar (喀什) in Xinjiang, then north-east

23、 over the Taklimakan Desert to Dunhuang. From Dunhuang, the Silk Road went south-east through ancient Gansu, and then east to Xi an.The best-known product traded along the Silk Road was of course silk. Chinese silk was transported to Europeans, who liked it because it was soft. Other goods transport

24、ed along the Silk Road included gold, ivory, glass, fur and ceramics (陶瓷器). The Silk Road could be quite dangerous: apart from the difficulty traveling through the desert, robbing was a constant problem. Many merchants traveled with guards to protect themselves and the goods they carried.To westerne

25、rs, the most famous traveler along the Silk Road was the Italian merchant, Marco Polo (AD 1254- 1324). However, Marco Polo was by no means the first person to travel along the Silk Road and tell others about it. In fact, in 139BC and 119BC, the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian was sent by Emperor Wu to v

26、isit the west. Zhang Qian s journey helped bring the Chinese people a greater knowledge of the western lands.9What is the biggest temperature gap in the Taklimakan Desert?A20B40C60D8010Some of the goods transported along the Silk Road included _.Agold and silverBglass and furCanimals and furDivory a

27、nd paper11Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AZhang Qian was sent to visit the west twice.BThe main product traded along the Silk Road was silk.CMarco Polo was not the first person to travel along the Silk Road.DThe Taklimakan Desert has the world s most difficult environmen

28、t.（2022广西南宁高二开学考试）There are 195 countries in the world today but almost none of them have purple on their national flags. So whats wrong with purple? Its such a popular color today. The answer is really quite simple. Purple was just far too expensive.The color purple has been related to royal power

29、and wealth for centuries. Queen Elizabeth I didnt allow anyone except close members of the royal family to wear it. Purples unique position comes from the rarity and high cost of the dye (染料) used to produce it. The dye was from a small sea snail (海螺) that was only found in the Tyre area of the Medi

30、terranean. Over 10,000 snails were needed to create just one gram of Tyrian purple; not to mention lots of work went into producing the dye, which made purple dye so expensive even for some royal families. Third century Roman Emperor Aurelio wouldnt allow his wife to buy scarves made from purple sil

31、k because it cost three times its weight in gold. A single pound of dye cost three pounds of gold, which equals 56,000 dollars today. Therefore, even the richest countries couldnt spend that much having purple on their flags.In 1856, 18-year-old English chemist William Henry Perkin accidentally crea

32、ted a man-made purple dye while attempting to produce an anti-malaria drug. He noticed that it could be used to dye cloth. He patented (获得专利) the dye and mass-produced it. Therefore, everybody could afford it.Till now, a handful of new national flags have been designed and a few of them have chosen

33、to use purple.12Why was the color purple expensive in the past?ABecause only royal families were allowed to wear purple.BBecause it took a long time to get purple dye from snails.CBecause purple dye was worth as much as gold.DBecause purple dye used to be uncommon and hard to produce.13How is Paragr

34、aph 2 mainly developed?ABy giving numbers.BBy analyzing the effect.CBy making comparisons.DBy listing examples.14What can we infer from the text?AA single pound of dye cost three pounds of gold.BRoyal families stopped using purple due to its high price.CWilliam Henry Perkin contributes to the popula

35、rity of purple.DA few new national flags have chosen to use purple.15Which of the following is the best title for the text?ANo Purple Flags?BPurple vs. GoldCHow to Produce Purple Dye?DThe Birth of the Color Purple（2022河南郑州高二期末）During the annual political meetings, environmental protection was defini

36、tely among the biggest concerns. Actually, it was also an issue that ancient Chinese paid great attention to. In fact, the worlds earliest environmental protection concept, ministry and laws were all born in China. So, what did the ancient Chinese do to protect the environment?In early ancient China

37、, environmental protection was promoted to the political level. Xunzi, a famous thinker in Warring States Period, brought up the concept of “managing state affairs through environmental protection”. He stated in his book that vegetations (植被) should not be damaged at will. Guan Zhong, an official 40

38、0 years ahead of Xunzi, was also an environmental protection expert. During his term of office, he claimed that “a King who cannot protect his vegetations is not qualified to be a king”.According to a record in Qing dynasty, the environmental protection ministry in early ancient China was called “Yu

39、”, standing both for the institution and the official title. Although mostfunctions were similar to such ministries today, the administration range of it was much larger, including the mountains, forests, rivers, lakes and so on.The nine ministries established by Shun, an ancient Chinese king, alrea

40、dy included “Yu”, the environmental protection ministry. The first “Yu” official was a man called Boyi, who was indeed an environmental protection expert. He was a capable assistant to Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert. He invented wells, protecting peoples drinking water from pollution.

41、 He knew a lot about animals and also called for animal protection.Environmental protection laws dated back to the ruling period of Dayu, which was more than 4,000 years ago. During his rule, he issued a ban, forbidding people to cut down wood in March or catch fish in June, the time when they were

42、supposed to boom.In Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period almost 3,000 years ago, “environmental protection laws” appeared in its true sense in Qin, which was recorded in Law of Fields and regarded as Chinas earliest “environmental protection laws”.16Which statement would Xunzi probably agree

43、with?AVegetations shouldnt be damaged at all.BMuch attention should be paid to peoples drinking water.CThe king who failed to protect the environment should be removed.DRuling a country and environmental protection should be combined.17What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AThe

44、Qing dynasty.BThe ministry of Yu.CThe official title.DThe modern ministry.18Why couldnt fish be caught in June during Dayus rule?AFish didnt taste delicious in June.BIt was too hot to catch fish in June.CFish had a period of rapid growth in June.DFish-catching time had already passed in June.19Which

45、 is the best title of the passage?AHow the Chinese Protect the EnvironmentBFamous Environmental Protection Experts in Ancient ChinaCThree Aspects of Environmental Protection in Ancient ChinaDMeasures of the Worlds Earliest Environmental Protection（2022全国高二课时练习）Early in the 16th century men were tryi

46、ng to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe. In order to find Asia, they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men. Fourteen

47、 months later, after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia (巴塔哥尼亚), he discovered the channel which is now called the Strait of Magellan. In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South Americ

48、a.They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in batt

49、les. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellans expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the fi

50、rst men to sail round the world.20What was the purpose of Magellans expedition?ATo sail round the world.BTo find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific.CTo make a voyage to Asia.DTo carry men to Philippines.21When was the Strait of Magellan discovered?AIn August 1519.BIn October 1520.CIn November

51、 1520.DIn October 1519.22Whats the best title for this passage?AThe Discovery of MagellanBThe Discovery of the PhilippinesCThe Most Dangerous Expeditions in NavigationDThe First Sailing Round the World（2020福建厦门高二期末）We think of history as a time line a series of events stretching thousands of years i

52、nto the past. Its time to think bigger. Instead of a line, imagine a web of endless connections interacting over billions of years, linked together to create everything weve ever known. From the clothes we wear to the rise and fall of empires (帝国) to the revolution of language, its the horse that li

53、nks them all. 6, 000 years ago, the early people in central Asia spoke an ancient language known as “Proto-Indo-European.” Their words would eventually spread, change and develop, branching into French, Italian, Spanish, Greek Russian, Hindi, German, and English, giving us the languages spoken by ne

54、arly half the world. The reason is that these are the first people on earth to ride horses, which creates highway for their words. 2, 000 years ago, Romans traditionally wore tunics, but its hard to ride a horse in clothes like this. As Romans moved north to conquer the barbarians (野蛮人), they notice

55、d their enemies wore something different into battle: pants. Pants are warmer and a lot more comfortable to wear on horsebacks The Roman army made the switch and soon so did men everywhere. Horses are a key reason why millions of people around the world wear pants. For 6, 000 years, horses have been

56、 the primary way of conquering, making large empires possible. Horses helped Rome expand from Britain to North Africa. But why didnt these enormous ancient empires grow even bigger? The evidence suggests a surprising theory that ancient empires have a size limit determined by the horse. If the borde

57、rs of an empire are more than 14 days ride from the capital, it becomes a struggle to continue control. Speed of communications is essential for an empire. You must be able to get messages to and from the border within a reasonable time. If you cant do that, you cant respond to attacks. On the scale

58、 of big history, its hard to think of any other mammal thats had such an influence on human history as the horse.23What do we know about “Proto-Indo-European”?AIt was the first language in the world.BIt was spoken only by the horse riders.CIt constructed a highway between France and Germany.DIt deve

59、loped into languages used by about half the world.24What can we learn from Paragraph 4?AAncient empires could grow as big as they wished.BHorses determined the location of empires capitals.CHorses had little impact on the expansion of ancient empires.DTimely messages are vital for ancient empires to

60、 keep control.25What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo express the authors love for horses.BTo introduce the development of clothes.CTo provide a new way of looking at history.DTo encourage the interaction between animals.（2022陕西渭南高二期末）In the American colonies (殖民地) there was little mon

61、ey. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins. Only the Massachusetts Bay Colony received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling

62、trade; America was forced to trade only with England as it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during the pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver furs, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as

63、 substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies.Individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of

64、 the Revolutionary War it was actually worthless. As a result, trade-in goods and the use of foreign coins were still common during this period.By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary (货币的) system was in a state of total confusion. To change this situat

65、ion, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bi

66、metallic (双金属的) standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one.26The reason why England kept money out of America was that _.AAmerica had to trade only with EnglandBAmerican colonies

67、 could have their own coinsCthe colonists wanted to save the money for their own countryDtoo much paper money in use would lead to the decrease of value27What happened to the American monetary system by the end of the Revolutionary War?AIndividual states were forced to use paper money in trade.BThe

68、Continental Congress issued gold and silver coins.CSo much paper money was in use that it almost lost its value at last.DAmerican money replaced trade-in goods and foreign coins.28According to the passage, under the new US Constitution _.Athe dollar was made the official currency of the USBonly the

69、US Congress could issue moneyCthe US officially went on a bimetallic monetary systemDvarious state governments, including Massachusetts, could issue money29This passage mainly discusses _.AAmerican money from past to presentBthe English monetary policies in American coloniesCthe effect of the Revolu

70、tionary War on American moneyDthe American monetary system during the 17th and 18th centuries（2022山东威海市教育教学研究中心高二期末）Throughout history, great cities have risen and fallen. Some of them are seemingly lost in time until artifacts (古物) are discovered that bring them back to life.TeotihuacnLocated outsi

71、de of Mexico City, Teotihuacn is thought to have been settled around 400 BCBy 400 AD, it was the most influential, powerful city in its region. Teotihuacns real treasure is its massive step pyramids. Much of the citys history is still a mystery, but some believe that its decline came from changing c

72、limate conditions like long-term droughts.PetraThis ancient city in southern Jordan flourished from the 4th century BC to 106 ADIt was an important place for spice and silk trade routes. It also had a complicatedly-designed water management system. Petra was occupied by Rome in 106 AD, and the trade

73、 routes soon shifted. Hundreds of years later, earthquakes damaged the water system and Petra was abandoned.PompeiiEndless tales have been told about the tragedy of Pompeii, which occurred on August 24, in the year 79 AD, when the volcano Vesuvius erupted. The entire town was swiftly covered in ash

74、and soil. Everything was frozen in time. The site was unearthed in the 18th century, and the evidence found provided a great detail of insight into daily living in this ancient Italian city.CtesiphonLocated about 20 miles outside of Baghdad, Ctesiphon was one of the greatest cities in Western Asia i

75、n the 6th century. It was conquered (征服) by Rome, and then by the Byzantine Empire. In 637 AD, it was captured by the Muslims. Many believe that the ancient city was the inspiration for the city of Isbanir mentioned in the Thousand and One Nights folk tales.30What do we know about Teotihuacn?AIts hi

76、story needs further exploration.BIt was the most powerful city of its time.CIt took about 400 years to reach its peak.DIts pyramids were ruined by climate change.31In which city can we learn about ancient Italian daily life?ATeotihuacn.BPetra.CPompeii.DCtesiphon.32What do Petra and Ctesiphon have in

77、 common?AThey were sources for folk tales.BThey declined due to natural disasters.CThey were once defeated by Rome.DThey were towns on the ancient silk road.参考答案：1A2B3B4B【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述文艺复习是如何开始的，人们的思想，开始的城市以及著名的人物等1细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the Middle Ages people thought that life was nothing but hard work

78、 and war.(在中世纪，人们认为生活只是努力的工作和战争)”可知，在中世级，人们认为生活真的很艰难。故选A。2细节理解题。根据第六段的“Giotto was a painter in Florence, Italy. He was the first painter to break away from the standard Byzantine style painting of the Middle Ages and try something new.(乔托是意大利佛罗伦萨的一位画家。他是第一个摆脱中世纪标准拜占庭风格绘画，尝试新事物的画家)”可知，Giotto是第一位文艺复兴的

79、画家。故选B。3主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“The Renaissance(文艺复兴)is generally considered to have started in Florence, Italy around the years 1350 to 1400. The start of the Renaissance also was the end of the Middle Ages.(文艺复兴通常被认为始于1350年至1400年的意大利佛罗伦萨。文艺复兴的开始也是中世纪的结束)”以及下文的介绍可知，文章主要讲述文艺复习是如何开始的，人们的思想，开始的城市以及著名的人物等。因此B项“文

80、艺复兴是如何开始的”为最佳标题，故选B。4推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The Renaissance(文艺复兴)is generally considered to have started in Florence, Italy around the years 1350 to 1400. The start of the Renaissance also was the end of the Middle Ages.(文艺复兴通常被认为始于1350年至1400年的意大利佛罗伦萨。文艺复兴的开始也是中世纪的结束)”以及下文的介绍可知，文章主要讲述文艺复习是如何开始的，讲述了一段历史，因此推断很

81、可能节选自一份历史论文。故选B。5C6B7C8D【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了1803年，美国获得了一大片叫做路易斯安那地区的新土地。托马斯杰斐逊总统给了路易斯和克拉克三个任务：找到一条通往太平洋的全水路线，与沿途的印第安人交朋友，收集有关该地区植物、动物、地貌和气候的详细信息。最后刘易斯和克拉克成功地找到了一条通往太平洋的全水航线。5细节理解题。根据第一段“President Thomas Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark three tasks for the journey: Find an all-water route to the Pacific Oc

82、ean, make friends with the Native Americans along the way, and gather detailed information about the plants，animals，landforms(地形), and climate of the area.”（托马斯杰斐逊总统给了路易斯和克拉克三个任务：找到一条通往太平洋的全水路线，与沿途的印第安人交朋友，收集有关该地区植物、动物、地貌和气候的详细信息)可知，任务中没有提到C项：找到落基山脉和大陆分水岭的位置。故选C。6词句猜测题。根据第三段“Lewis and Clarks second

83、task was to make friends with Native Americans in the area. They packed hundreds of pounds of gifts for the indigenous people, including beads, sewing needles, cloth, yarn, and knives. Their intention was to use these items as offerings of peace and good faith. However, many tribes were hostile. The

84、y felt threatened by the Americans presence and refused to communicate with them. ”（刘易斯和克拉克的第二个任务是与当地的印第安人交朋友。他们为土著人打包了数百磅的礼物，包括珠子、缝纫针、布、纱和刀。他们的意图是用这些物品作为和平与善意的祭品。然而，许多部落都充满hostile。他们对美国人的存在感到威胁，拒绝与他们沟通）可知，however表示前后转折，刘易斯和克拉克想和印第安人交朋友，然而部落充满敌意。结合划线词后felt threatened by .and refused to communicate w

85、ith them可知，划线词表示不友好或好斗的，挑衅的。故选B。7细节理解题。根据第四段的“ Lewis and Clark had to take detailed notes about the landforms and climate of the different areas through which they travelled. ”（刘易斯和克拉克必须详细记录他们所经过的不同地区的地形和气候）和“They also kept individual journals with detailed descriptions and drawings of the environme

86、nt and terrain(地势).”（他们还在各自的日志中详细描述环境和地形）可知，这项任务的重点是收集有关地形和气候的数据。故选C。8推理判断题。根据最后一段“Up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, across the Great Plains, over the Rockies, down the Columbia River, and to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark travelled. After 3 years, Jefferson received a letter from Lewis st

87、ating, It is with great pleasure that I announced to you the safe arrival of myself and my partner. In obedience to your orders, we have penetrated(穿过)the continent of North America to the Pacific Ocean. ”（刘易斯和克拉克沿着密西西比河和密苏里河逆流而上，穿过大平原，越过落基山脉，顺哥伦比亚河而下，到达太平洋）可知，探险队覆盖了从密西西比河到太平洋的地区。故选D。9C10B11D【导语】这是一

88、篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塔克拉玛干沙漠的恶劣环境以及横跨这片沙漠的丝绸之路。9细节理解题。根据第一段“the temperatures get as hot as 40 in summer and as cold as -20 in winter. (夏季温度高达40，冬季温度低至-20。)”可知，塔克拉玛干沙漠的最大温差是60，故选C。10细节理解题。根据第三段“Other goods transported along the Silk Road included gold, ivory, glass, fur and ceramics (丝绸之路沿线运输的其他货物包括黄金、象牙、玻璃、毛

89、皮和陶瓷)”可知，玻璃和皮毛通过丝绸之路运输，故选B。11细节理解题。根据第一段“The Taklimakan (塔克拉玛干) Desert in western China has one of the world s most difficult environments. (在中国西部的塔克拉玛干沙漠是世界上最困难的环境之一。)”可知，塔克拉玛干沙漠的环境是世界上最艰难环境之一，而非最艰难的环境，故选D。12D13D14C15A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了几乎没有哪个国家的国旗上有紫色，原因是因为在过去紫色很贵，随后文章介绍了人造紫色染料的发现历程。12细节理解题。根据文章第二段“

90、Purples unique position comes from the rarity and high cost of the dye (染料) used to produce it. The dye was from a small sea snail (海螺) that was only found in the Tyre area of the Mediterranean. Over 10,000 snails were needed to create just one gram of Tyrian purple; not to mention lots of work went

91、 into producing the dye, which made purple dye so expensive even for some royal families.(紫色的独特之处在于它所用染料的稀有性和高成本。这种染料来自一种只在地中海提尔地区发现的小型海蜗牛。仅制造一克紫色需要超过10,000只蜗牛，更不用说大量的工作投入到生产这种染料，这使得紫色染料甚至对一些王室成员来说都非常昂贵)”可知制造紫色的染料很稀有，即很少见；而且仅制造一克就需要用到超过10000只蜗牛，这个工作量很大，更别提大量投入生产了，这个生产难度实在太大了；综上所述，在过去紫色贵是因为生产紫色的染料很少见

92、而且生产难度很大；故选D项。13推理判断题。文章第二段“Queen Elizabeth I didnt allow anyone except close members of the royal family to wear it.(伊丽莎白一世不允许除了皇室成员之外的任何人穿戴它)”；“Third century Roman Emperor Aurelio wouldnt allow his wife to buy scarves made from purple silk because it cost three times its weight in gold.(三世纪的罗马皇帝奥雷

93、里奥不允许他的妻子购买紫色丝绸制成的围巾，因为它的价格是黄金的三倍)”可知文章拿伊丽莎白不允许除皇室成员之外的人穿戴紫色和三世纪的罗马皇帝奥雷里不允许妻子购买紫色丝绸围巾作为例子，引出一系列关于对紫色昂贵原因的描述，即染料的稀有性和生产的难度，故第二段是通过举例来展开描述的。故选D项。14推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Its such a popular color today.(今天这颜色很流行)”可知紫色在当今是很流行的；由文章第三段“In 1856, 18-year-old English chemist William Henry Perkin accidentally created

94、a man-made purple dye while attempting to produce an anti-malaria drug. He noticed that it could be used to dye cloth. He patented (获得专利) the dye and mass-produced it. Therefore, everybody could afford it.(1856年，18岁的英国化学家William Henry Perkin在试图生产一种抗疟疾药物时，意外地创造了一种人造紫色染料。他注意到它可以用来染布。他为这种染料申请了专利，并批量生产。

95、因此，每个人都能负担得起)”可知William Henry Perkin创造了人造紫色染料并批量生产紫色，这才使得人人能用得起紫色，因此推知William Henry Perkin对于紫色的流行是有大贡献的。故选C项。15标题判断题。文章第一段“There are 195 countries in the world today but almost none of them have purple on their national flags. So whats wrong with purple? Its such a popular color today. The answer is

96、 really quite simple. Purple was just far too expensive.（现在世界上有195个国家，但是几乎没有一个国家的国旗是紫色的。紫色有什么不好？当今这颜色很流行。答案其实很简单。紫色太贵了。）”可知文章开篇讲述了195个国家几乎没有使用紫色在其国旗上面的，引出文章后面段落对紫色昂贵的原因以及人造紫色发展历程的描述；故全文都是围绕为什么没有紫色国旗这个话题来展开描述的，故A项“No Purple Flags?（没有紫色国旗？）”适合作为本文标题；故选A项。16D17B18C19C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代对环保的重视以及各朝代政府

97、设立环境保护部门来保护环境。16细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Xunzi, a famous thinker in Warring States Period, brought up the concept of managing state affairs through environmental protection. He stated in his book that vegetation (植被) should not be damaged at will. (荀子是战国时期著名的思想家，他提出了通过环境保护来管理国家事务的概念。他在书中指出，植被不应被随意破坏。) ”可知，荀子认为

98、治国应与环保相结合，植被不应被随意破坏。故选D。17词句猜测题。根据第三段“According to a record in Qing dynasty, the environmental protection ministry in early ancient China was called “Yu”, standing both for the institution and the official title. Although most functions were similar to such ministries today, the administration range

99、 of it was much larger, including the mountains, forests, rivers, lakes and so on. (据清代记载，中国古代早期的环保部称为“虞”，既代表机构，也代表官衔。虽然大多数职能类似于今天的部门，但其管理范围要大得多，包括山区、森林、河流、湖泊等。) ”可知，it指代上文被称为“虞”的环保部（The ministry of Yu）。故选B。18细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“During his rule, he issued a ban, forbidding people to cut down wood in Mar

100、ch or catch fish in June, the time when they were supposed to boom. (在他执政期间，他颁布了一项禁令，禁止人们在3月份砍伐树木，或在6月份捕鱼， 6月份正是鱼类要发育的时候) ”可知，大禹规定六月不能捕鱼是因为六月是鱼类快速生长的一段时期。故选C。19主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In fact, the worlds earliest environmental protection concept, ministry and laws were all born in China. So, what did the anci

101、ent Chinese do to protect the environment? (事实上，世界上最早的环保理念、部门和法律都诞生于中国。那么，古代中国人是如何保护环境的呢？)”和下文内容可知，文章介绍了中国古代对环保理念的重视以及各朝代政府设立环境保护部门和法律来保护环境。所以C项“Three Aspects of Environmental Protection in Ancient China(中国古代环境保护的三个方面)”符合文意。故选C。20C21B22D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麦哲伦的探险队完成了第一次环球航行的事情。20推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“In ord

102、er to find Asia, they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.”（为了找到亚洲，他们必须找到一条经过南美洲的路。最终找到从大西洋到太平洋之路的人是费迪南德麦哲伦。）和第三段关键句“They then continued, hoping to reach Asia.”（然后他们继续前进，希望能到达亚洲。）可知，麦哲伦是为了找到亚洲而进行探险的人

103、之一，他们的探险队继续前进，也是希望能到达亚洲，由此可推断出，麦哲伦探险的目的是远航去亚洲。故选C项。21细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men. Fourteen months later, after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia (巴塔哥尼亚), he discovered the channel which is now called the Strait of Ma

104、gellan.”（1519年8月，麦哲伦带着五艘船和大约280人从塞维利亚启航。14个月后，在巴塔哥尼亚海岸度过了严冬后，他发现了现在被称为麦哲伦海峡的海峡。）可知，麦哲伦1519年8月从塞维利亚启航，14个月后，他发现了麦哲伦海峡，由此可知，麦哲伦海峡是在1520年10月发现的。故选B项。22主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.”（然而，他们的成就是巨大的。他们是第一批环球航行的人。）可知，文章主要介绍了麦哲伦的探险

105、队完成了第一次环球航行的事情，“The First Sailing Round the World”意为“第一次环球航行”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。23D24D25C【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了思考历史的一个新角度，把历史想象成一个在数十亿年里相互作用的无限连接的网络，从我们穿的衣服到帝国的兴衰，再到语言的革新，是“马”将这一切连接起来。23细节理解题。根据第二段中“6000 years ago, the early people in central Asia spoke an ancient language known as Proto-Indo-European.

106、 Their words would eventually spread, change and develop, branching into French, Italian, Spanish, Greek Russian, Hindi, German, and English, giving us the languages spoken by nearly half the world.(6000年前，中亚的早期人类说着一种被称为原始印欧语的古老语言。他们的语言最终传播、变化和发展，分支成法语、意大利语、西班牙语、希腊语、俄语、印地语、德语和英语，给我们提供了世界上近一半的人使用的语言)

107、”可知，“原始印欧语”发展成了世界上近一半人说的语言，故选D项。24推理判断题。根据第四段中“Speed of communications is essential for an empire. You must be able to get messages to and from the border within a reasonable time. If you cant do that, you cant respond to attacks.(通讯速度对一个帝国来说是至关重要的。你必须能够在合理的时间内从边境获得消息。如果你做不到这一点，你就无法应对攻击)”可知，通讯速度对一个帝

108、国来说是至关重要的，侧面说明了及时的信息对于古代帝国保持控制至关重要。故选D项。25推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Its time to think bigger. Instead of a line, imagine a web of endless connections interacting over billions of years, linked together to create everything weve ever known.(是时候从更广大的角度去思考了。想象一下，不是一条线，而是一个无穷无尽的网络，在数十亿年的时间里相互作用，连接在一起，创造了我们已知的一切

109、)”可知，作者告诉我们是时候从更大的角度去思考历史了，不是把历史想成一条线，而是想象成一个在数十亿年里相互作用的无限连接的网络，因此本文旨在引出一个思考历史的新方向、新角度。故选C项。26A27C28B29D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国17世纪和18世纪的货币体系。26细节理解题。根据第一段“England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade; America was forced to trade only with England as it did not have the

110、 money to buy products from other countries.(英国想把钱挡在美国之外，作为控制贸易的一种手段；美国被迫只与英国进行贸易，因为它没有钱从其他国家购买产品。)”可知，英国执行此政策的目的是让美国只与英国进行贸易。故选A。27细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the Revolutionary War it was

111、 actually worthless.(各州和大陆会议发行纸币。由于印了太多的纸币，到独立战争结束时，这些纸币实际上已经一文不值了。)”可知，由于纸币过多，造成纸币贬值。故选C。28细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To change this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. (为了改变这种状况，1789年通过的美国新宪法只允许国会发行货币。)”可知，新宪法规定只有国会才能发行货币。故选B。29主旨大意题。根据

112、文章第一段“Only the Massachusetts Bay Colony received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade； America was forced to trade only with England as it did not have the money to buy products from o

113、ther countries.(只有马萨诸塞湾殖民地在1652年获得了短时间内制造几种银币的许可。英国想把钱挡在美国之外，作为控制贸易的一种手段;美国被迫只与英国进行贸易，因为它没有钱从其他国家购买产品。)”以及最后一段“To change this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have their own money suppl

114、y. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic (双金属的) standard. (为了改变这种状况，1789年通过的美国新宪法只允许国会发行货币。各个州无法再拥有自己的货币供应。几年后，1792年的铸币法使美元成为美国的官方货币，并使该国采用双金属标准。)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论了美国17世纪和18世纪的货币机制。故选D。30A31C32C【导语】这是一篇说明文

115、，文章介绍了四座古城遗址。30细节理解题。根据Teotihuacn部分中“Much of the citys history is still a mystery, but some believe that its decline came from changing climate conditions like long-term droughts.(这座城市的大部分历史仍然是一个谜，但一些人认为，它的衰落是由于长期干旱等气候条件的变化)”可知，Teotihuacn的大部分历史仍然是一个谜，需要进一步探索。故选A项。31细节理解题。根据Pompeii部分中“The site was un

116、earthed in the 18th century, and the evidence found provided a great detail of insight into daily living in this ancient Italian city.(该遗址于18世纪出土，所发现的证据为了解这座意大利古城的日常生活提供了很多细节)”可知，在Pompeii古城可以了解古代意大利人的日常生活。故选C项。32细节理解题。根据Petra部分中“Petra was occupied by Rome in 106 AD(公元106年，Petra被罗马占领)”及Ctesiphon部分中“It was conquered (征服) by Rome, and then by the Byzantine Empire.(它先是被罗马征服，然后又被拜占庭帝国征服)”可知，Petra和Ctesiphon的共同点是都曾被罗马打败。故选C项。