Unit 5 Section B Learning About Language-2020-2021学年高二英语同步课堂帮帮帮（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）.docx

1、UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND5.2 Learning About Language主语从句一、主语从句的基本用法1主语从句的引导词【观察例句】That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.你将要来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好的消息。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.它是否对我们有害还要看一看。What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.今天我

2、的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.触犯本法者应予以罚款。Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize.(你们中)谁先进来谁得奖。When we will have a meeting is an important question.我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.我们在什么地方做这个检验还在讨论。【归纳用法】类别例词说明从属连词that, wh

3、ether两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。连接副词when, where, how, why等在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。主语从句中连接词的选择技巧(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。即学即练1用whether, that, whoever填空That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influenc

4、e.Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.2it作形式主语【观察例句】Its possible that he has been to Beijing.他有可能去过北京。Its a pity that you didnt attend the meeting.你没参加这次会议太可惜了。It seems th

5、at it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。It is important that he should know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。It is suggested that the meeting be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。【归纳用法】为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：句型说明It系动词形容词主语从句常用于此句型的形容词有important, (un)likely，possible, necessary, natural, wrong等。It系动词名词主语从句常用于此句型的

6、名词有fact，idea，honour，question，pity等。It系动词过去分词主语从句常用于此句型的过去分词，有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。It不及物动词主语从句常用于此句型的动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。二、主语从句中应注意的问题1从句要用陈述语序How he succeeded is still a puzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。2主谓一致(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。Where he will get a job after graduation h

7、as puzzled him much.毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。.单句填空1. What caused the serious traffi

8、c accident (remain) unknown. 2. It is a pity we wont be able to go camping this Sunday. 3. Whoever (pollute) the environment will be punished. 4. we shall be late is certain. 5. It is not sure he will come to your house or not. 6. (2019全国卷)The deadlines and you need to apply depend on the program. 7

9、. (2019全国卷) you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. 8. (2018全国卷)Its possible we all have compromised conversational intelligence. 9. Its more likely none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. 10. is a fact that the e

10、arth is round. 11. parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children. 12. It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 13. (2019浙江高考) I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles. 答案：1. remain

11、s 2. that 3. pollutes 4. That 5. whether 6. what 7. What 8. that 9. that 10. It 11. What 12. that e 13.What . 翻译句子(英译汉)1. (2017全国卷)It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. 2. (2017全国卷) Its important that you let them know when youll be available. 3. (2019全国

12、卷)But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one. 4. (2019全国卷)What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. 5. (2017全国卷)What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past. 6. (2017全国卷 ) What the plants p

13、ump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. 7. (2019浙江高考)Whats particularly interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchets cause. 答案：1. 千真万确, 每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的途径。2.重要的是让他们知道你什么时候有空。3.但是在这个实验中, 他们所做的是把更多的注意力放在大数字上, 而不是小数字上。4.我想要的不

14、只是一个普通的咖啡馆, 而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。5.我所看到的与我过去所经历的一切完全不一样。6. 植物在空气中所释放出的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物的混合物, 简称VOCs。7.特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet这样做的态度。I.完形填空As a primary school student in New York City, Robert Lee would stare in 1 at his classmates throwing away half-eaten sandwiches after lunch, because his parents had 2 him and h

15、is elder brother not to 3 food. They said it was bad karma(作孽).While studying at New York University, Robert remembered this 4 and joined Two Birds One Stone, a food-rescue club on campus that 5 , five days a week, uneaten pasta, vegetables, and other leftovers from the school 6 to nearby homeless s

16、helters.When Robert and fellow club member Louisa Chen entered a college contest, they 7 a slightly 8 idea for a food-rescue nonprofit group: Their program wouldnt have a 9 minimum, would 10 seven days a week, and its staff would 11 volunteers.Their idea 12 the competition. With the1,000 prize, they

17、 13 Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July, 2013. In just the first few weeks, Roberts team delivered a donation of enough spaghetti and meatballs to 14 20 people in line at a New Yorker City homeless shelter that had 15 food.Robert, who had taken a job as an analyst at J.P.Morgan, devoted his spar

18、e time to creating a network of New Yorker City restaurants that were 16 to donate food, and he enlisted(征募) volunteers to make food deliveries to homeless shelters. After RLC received national press 17 , homeless shelters and soup kitchens in many places reached out to Robert for 18 . Two years aft

19、er being founded, RLC had already distributed more than 250,000 pounds of food.Only a year into his finance job, Robert gave up his six-figure salary to 19 RLC.“I compared work at J.P.Morgan with that at RLC, and the difference was great,” he says.“One shelter told us that our donations allow them t

20、o provide entire dinners for more than 300 people, three nights a week,” Robert says. “Things like that make me feel 20 that I quit my job.”1.A.safetyB.reliefC.honestyD.disbelief2.A.taughtB.allowedC.advisedD.forbidden3.A.prepareB.wasteC.purchaseD.consider4.A.intentionB.lessonC.ruleD.conversation5.A.

21、cookedB.collectedC.deliveredD.consumed6.A.libraryB.playgroundC.canteenD.laboratory7.A.withdrewB.ignoredC.avoidedD.proposed8.A.differentB.modernC.outdatedD.practical9.A.donationB.wageC.speedD.height10.A.growB.produceC.changeD.operate11.A.compete withB.stand forC.consist ofD.suffer from12.A.broughtB.w

22、onC.heldD.contained13.A.leftB.joinedC.foundedD.defeated14.A.inspireB.feedC.raiseD.cure15.A.dealt withB.protectedC.storedD.run out of16.A.braveB.nervousC.patientD.willing17.A.invitationB.awardC.attentionD.offer18.A.acceptanceB.instructionsC.partnershipD.materials19.A.take onB.focus onC.depend onD.tur

23、n on20.A.gladB.regretfulC.confidentD.unlucky【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.B5.C6.C7.D8.A9.A10.D11.C12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.C18.C19.B20.A【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。在全融行业拿高薪的 Robert辞职去专门做慈善事业，他创建并运营一个慈善组织，这个组织从各餐馆收集剩余饭菜，然后送到流浪人员收容所等地方。1.考查名词词义辨析。A. safety安全；B. relief欣慰；C. honesty诚实；D. disbelief难以置信。 Robert Lee在纽约市上小学时，看到他的同学午饭后扔掉吃一

24、半的三明治会感到难以置信。故选D。2.考查动词词义辨析。A. taught教；B. allowed允许；C. advised建议；D. forbidden禁止。因为他的父母曾经教导他和他的哥哥不要浪费粮食。故选A。3.考查动词词义辨析。A. prepare准备；B. waste 浪费；C. purchase购买；D. consider考虑。根据后句They said it was bad karma(作孽).可知，因为他的父母曾经教导他和他的哥哥不要浪费粮食。故选B。4.考查名词词义辨析。A. intention 目的；B. lesson告诫；C. rule规则；D. conversation

25、谈话。在纽约大学学习时， Robert仍然记得父母对自己的告诫，并且加人了学校的一个旨在节约粮食的俱乐部“一石二鸟”俱乐部。故选B。5.考查动词词义辨析。A. cooked烹饪；B. collected收集；C. delivered递送；D. consumed消耗。这个俱乐部每周有五天时间从学校餐厅收集残羹冷炙，然后送往附近的流浪人员收容所。故选C。6.考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. playground操场；C. canteen餐厅；D. laboratory实验室。根据uneaten pasta, vegetables, and other leftovers from

26、 the school可知，这里来自学校餐厅。这个俱乐部每周有五天时间从学校餐厅收集残羹冷炙，然后送往附近的流浪人员收容所。故选C。7.考查动词词义辨析。A. withdrew 撤回；B. ignored忽略；C. avoided避免；D. proposed向提议。当 Robert和另一位俱乐部成员Lousia Chen参加一个校园创意大赛时，他们为一个非盈利组织提供了一个稍微不同的节省粮食的方案。故选D。8.考查形容词词义辨析。A. different不同的；B. modern现代的；C. outdated 过时的；D. practical实际的。当 Robert和另一位俱乐部成员Lousi

27、a Chen参加一个校园创意大赛时，他们为一个非盈利组织提供了一个稍微不同的节省粮食的方案。故选A。9.考查名词词义辨析。A. donation捐赠；B. wage工资；C. speed速度；D. height高度。他们的方案不设立最小捐赠量，每周运行七天，成员由志愿者组成。故选A。10.考查动词词义辨析。A. grow生长；B. produce 生产；C. change改变；D. operate运行。他们的方案不设立最小捐赠量，每周运行七天，成员由志愿者组成。故选D。11.考查动词短语词义辨析。A. compete with与竞争；B. stand for代表；C. consist of由组

28、成；D. suffer from遭受。他们的方案不设立最小捐赠量，每周运行七天，成员由志愿者组成。故选C。12.考查动词词义辨析。A. brought带来；B. won赢得；C. held举办；D. contained含有。根据. With the1,000 prize可知，他们的方案赢得了比赛。故选B。13.考查动词词义辨析。A. left离开；B. joined加入；C. founded成立；D. defeated打败。他们用得到的1000美元奖金在2013年7月创立了 Rescuing Leftover Cuisine（RIC）这个组织。故选C。14.考查动词词义辨析。A. inspir

29、e鼓舞；B. feed为提供食物；C. raise提高；D. cure治愈。在最初的几周内， Robert的团队就曾一次性为纽约市的一个流浪人员收容所送去了可以供20人一起吃的食物捐赠。故选B。15.考查动词短语词义辨析。A. dealt with处理；B. protected保护；C. stored储存；D. run out of用完。当时这家流浪人员收容所已经断粮了。故选D。16.考查形容词词义辨析。A. brave勇敢的；B. nervous紧张的；C. patient有耐心的；D. willing愿意的。Robert利用自己的业余时间把一些愿意捐赠食物的组约市餐馆组建成了一个网络。故选

30、D。17.考查名词词义辨析。A. invitation邀请；B. award奖品；C. attention关注；D. offer提供。在 Rescuing Leftover Cuisine（RLC）受到全国性新闻媒体的关注后，许多地方的流浪人员收容所和汤馆都联系了 Robert，想要和他建立合作关系。故选C。18.考查名词词义辨析。A. acceptance接受；B. instructions说明；C. partnership合伙人身份；D. materials材料。在 Rescuing Leftover Cuisine（RLC）受到全国性新闻媒体的关注后，许多地方的流浪人员收容所和汤馆都联系

31、了 Robert，想要和他建立合作关系。故选C。19.考查动词短语词义辨析。A. take on呈现；B. focus on集中；C. depend on依靠；D. turn on打开。金融工作只干了一年， Robert就放弃了他的六位数薪水，转而把精力集中到了运营RLC上。故选B。20.考查形容词词义辨析。A. glad高兴的；B. regretful遗憾的； C. confident自信的；D. unlucky不幸的。Robert说：“有一个收容所说我们的捐赠能让他们一星期为300多人提供3次完整的晚餐。像这样的好消息使我觉得我的辞职是值得的，我感到很高兴。” 故选A。II.阅读理解1As

32、 globalization continues to make the world a smaller place, and goods become more accessible across borders,concerns about food safety in the AsiaPacific region have steadily risen over the years. An APEC forum is being held in Beijing, to find ways to better address the problem.156 participants fro

33、m 19 APEC economies and 4 non-APEC members attended the APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum. Created 7 years ago, the forum has been actively looking for ways to strengthen food safety standard in the region, without affecting trade.“As consumers are faced with more varieties of food, the potential f

34、ood safety risk also becomes bigger. This forum has helped APEC economies to cooperate in supervision (监督), exchange information, and improve the overall food safety standard in the AsiaPacific region,” said director of Chinas General Administration of Quality Supervision Wu Qinghai.For the first ti

35、me the forum has brought together highlevel regulators, academics, and industry stakeholders to talk about their respective roles in safety supervision. They say governments alone cannot shoulder this heavy duty.In China, the continuous food safety problems have greatly hurt consumers confidence in

36、domestic products; therefore more turned to imports. However, problems related to quality of those imported goods also began to show. In July this year, more than 400 batches (批)of food imports from 35 countries and regions were found substandard by the countrys top quality supervisor.Governments an

37、d industries have been brought closer by this forum. As food moves more freely beyond borders, this forum is hoped to promote safety control cooperation, so APEC members can better benefit from the economic integration (经济一体化).21.What kind of function can the forum play?A.It has greatly influenced t

38、he economy in the area.B.It has long been able to put every sides efforts together.C.It helps to bring government regulators and industries together.D.It has found ways to deal with safety problems.22.The last but one paragraph tells us that _.A.the Chinese customers are more satisfied with their fo

39、od safetyB.food imported from other countries are indeed high in qualityC.many Chinese customers would rather buy some foreign foodD.there are only 35 countries and regions exporting food to China23.The underlined word “address” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “_”.A.send a letter aboutB.de

40、al withC.deliver a speech onD.call off24.According to the article, which of the following statements is WRONG?A.People can buy foreign food more easily than ever.B.The more varieties of food, the bigger the potential food safety risk.C.Food safety problems have appeared many times before this forum.

41、D.Governments have started their cooperation with academies and industries before this forum.【答案】21.C22.C23.B24.D【分析】本文是新闻报道。为解决人们对亚太地区食品安全的担忧，APEC论坛正在北京举行。该论坛首次将高层监管人员、学者和行业利益相关者聚集在一起，讨论他们在安全监管中的各自角色。21.细节理解题。根据最后一段Governments and industries have been brought closer by this forum.可知，通过这个论坛，各国政府和工业界

42、走得更近了。即该论坛将政府监管机构和行业整合在一起。故选C。22.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段In China, the continuous food safety problems have greatly hurt consumers confidence in domestic products; therefore more turned to imports.可知，在中国，持续的食品安全问题极大地打击了消费者对国产产品的信心；因此，更多的人转向进口。这表明许多中国顾客宁愿买一些外国食品，故选C。23.猜测词义题。上文提到随着全球化继续使世界变得更小，商品更容易跨境运输，人们对亚太地区

43、食品安全的担忧多年来稳步上升。本句介绍APEC论坛正在北京举行，句中不定式to find ways表示的是论坛的目的，句中to find ways to better address the problem. address与the problem搭配，可推断是指解决上述问题，address与deal with同义，故选B。24.细节理解题。根据第四段For the first time the forum has brought together highlevel regulators, academics, and industry stakeholders to talk about

44、their respective roles in safety supervision.可知，该论坛首次将高层监管人员、学者和行业利益相关者聚集在一起，讨论他们在安全监管中的各自角色。因为这是第一次，所以D项：在此论坛之前，各国政府已开始与院校和工业进行合作，表达错误。故选D。2China has recently been faced with serious issues of product safety. In Panama，it is said that medicine made with a poisonous chemical sickened some people.A C

45、hinese company had identified it as diethylamide glycol(乙二醇)，a lowcost substitute commonly used in automobile antifreeze(防冻剂).Some countries have banned Chinesemade toothpaste containing diethylamide glycol. China has now told companies to discontinue its use，even though it says the toothpaste is sa

46、fe. Another industrial chemical，melamine，was found in wheat flour used to make pet food in North America.Thousands of dogs and cats became sick.The United States has restricted some imports of Chinese seafood because they contained banned substance. And questions have been raised about other product

47、s，including childrens toys covered with lead paint.Chinese officials promised to provide the European Union，the biggest trading partner，with detailed reports on enforcement efforts against unsafe goods.Meglena Kuneva，commissioner(理事) for consumer protection of the European Union said China should ha

48、ve kept its promise.China recently closed three companies linked to the Panama and the pet food scare. And it dismissed the former head of its food and drug administration. He was found guilty of corruption(腐败)for approving unsafe drugs. This week，a conference of the State Council approved a propose

49、d special measure on the supervision of food safety. The Xinhua News Agency said it calls for stronger controls over producers，greater responsibilities for government and more serious punishment for illegal activities.But Chinese officials have accused some foreign media of overstating problems with

50、 goods made in China. They say food imports from the United States also fail inspection sometimes. Next week，American and Chinese food safety officials are planning to hold 5 days of meetings in Beijing to discuss cooperation.25.How many cases with safety problems are mentioned in the passage?A.Six.

51、B.Five.C.Four.D.Three.26.How was Panama case dealt with afterwards?A.Three companies linked to it were closed down.B.The former head of food and drug administration was removed from his position.C.More serious punishment was conducted for leaders linked to it.D.Both A and B.27.It can be implied but

52、not clearly stated that_.A.Chinesemade toothpaste is safeB.the safety of “Made in China” is doubtedC.there are safety problems with one more Chinese productsD.stronger control over Chinese products is in need28.The passage is mainly about_.A.China is facing product safety problemsB.more controls are

53、 taken of Chinese goodsC.overstated problems with Chinese goodsD.China is losing its trade partners【答案】25.B26.D27.B28.A【分析】试题分析:本文是一篇说明类文章，文章主要讲述了中国面临的一些食品安全问题以及一些案例。25.B细节理解题。根据 In Panama，it is said that medicine made with a poisonous chemical sickened some people, A Chinese company had identified

54、it as diethylamide glycol(乙二醇)，a lowcost substitute commonly used in automobile antifreeze(防冻剂).Some countries have banned Chinesemade toothpaste containing diethylamide glycol. China has now told companies to discontinue its use，even though it says the toothpaste is safe. Another industrial chemica

55、l，melamine，was found in wheat flour used to make pet food in North America. Thousands of dogs and cats became sick。可知一共有五个事件，故选B。26.D细节理解题。根据China recently closed three companies linked to the Panama and the pet food scare. And it dismissed the former head of its food and drug administration. 可知选D。2

56、7.B细节理解题。根据But Chinese officials have accused some foreign media of overstating problems with goods made in China. They say food imports from the United States also fail inspection sometimes. 可知对于中国制造的食品安全又怀疑但没有清晰的说明，故选B。28.理解推断题。根据全文可知整篇都在讨论中国面临着食品安全的问题. 可知选A。考点：考查说明类短文阅读III.七选五Food safety is a pro

57、blem in all places around the world and people in different areas of the world prepare foods in different ways. The WHO released (发布) five simple rules for preparing food in a safe way. They call these rules the “Five Keys to Safer Food”.Key 1: Keep clean29. People should wash their hands often befo

58、re touching food and while they are preparing food. People should wash all surfaces and equipment used for preparing food.Key 2: Separate raw (生的) and cooked. Raw foods should not touch prepared foods.30.Key 3:31.People should cook eggs and meat especially carefully. These foods may carry more micro

59、-organisms (微生物) than other foods. Food like soup must be boiled for at least a minute to make it be cooked completely. It is also important that people re-heat cooked food completely.Key 4: Keep food at safe temperatures.When people are finished with eating, they should keep the left food in a refr

60、igerator below 5 and shouldnt store it for too long. At room temperature, about 20, the amount of micro-organisms can increase very quickly. But temperatures above 60 or below 5 control the growth of micro-organisms.32.Key 5: Use safe water and raw materials33. Damaged or old food may develop harmfu

61、l chemicals as it gets older.A.Eat healthilyB.Cook completelyC.They can live where we make foodD.This key tells about the importance of washingE.People should use safe water and choose fresh foodsF.They cannot grow as quickly in a very hot or very cold environmentG.People should use separate equipme

62、nt and tools for touching and preparing raw foods【答案】29.D30.G31.B32.F33.E【分析】试题分析：本文讲述了WHO提出的准备更安全食物的五个要点。29.D 根据“Key 1: Keep clean”及“People should wash their hands often”可知，此句应该是关于washing的，故此题应选D。30.G 根据“Key 2: Separate raw (生的) and cooked”可知，此段落应该是关于如何分开盛放生食及熟食。故此题应选G。31.B 根据“It is also important

63、that people re-heat cooked food completely.”可知，此段是关于煮食物的时间要足够。故此题应选B。32.F 根据“But temperatures above 60C or below 5C control the growth of micro-organisms.”可知，温度高于60C或者低于5C都可控制微生物的生长。可推断出微生物在温度过高或过低的情况下都生长得很慢。故此题应选F。33.E 根据“Damaged or old food may develop harmful chemicals as it gets older.”可推断出，人们应该用安全的饮用水和新鲜的食物，故此题应选E。