【春季课外拓展】08：词汇十一选十 能力综合练-2022年高二春季课外拓展精品讲义15讲（上海）.docx

1、 第八讲 词汇十一选十+能力提升练 词汇打卡考纲词汇默写081.假货，赝品n.fake2.告别;临别的n.&adj.farewell3.致命的adj.fatal4.可行的，行得通的adj.feasible5.羽毛n.feather6.缺点，错误n.fault7.反馈的信息n.feedback8.肥料n.fertilizer9.(总称)小说n.fiction10.凶猛的;激烈的adj.fierce11.财政;金融finance12.烟火，烟花n.firework s13.渔夫，渔民n.fisherman14.火焰n.flame15.滋味; 调味品n.flavor16.倒头睡着fall aslee

2、p17.熟悉这里所有的人be familiar with everyone here18.抚养家庭support/keep/ raise a family19.远远不令人满意far from satisfactory20.在农场on the/a farm21.为那迷人的景象迷住了be fascinated by/with the fascinating sight22.对.毛求疵find fault with23.帮某人一个忙do sh a favour/do a favour to sb24.以草为食feed on grass25.激烈的竞争fierce competition26.填写一份

3、申请表格fill in an application form27.因违章停车被罚款200元be fined 200 yuan for parking against28.坚信 firmly believe that /hold a firm belief that29.目不转睛地看着keep ones eyes fixed on30.升国旗raise the national flag1. 流利的 adj.fluent2. 有雾的 adj.foggy3. 预测.预报 v.&n. forecast4额.前额n.forehead5预见；预知vt.foresee 6. 财运；运气n.fortune

4、7喷泉；泉水n.fountain8框架.构架n.frame9冻结的.极冷的adj. freezing10蛙 n. frog11.燃料n.fuel12受挫；挫败v.frustrate13功能；作用n.function14汽车间.加油站n. garage15.代(人) n.generation 16.集中注意力于做某事focus(ones attention) on doing sth17.遭遇大雾come across a heavy/ thick fog18.在接下来的几年里in the following years/in the years to follow/in the years t

5、hat follow or followed19.应思考的问题 food for thought20.在山脚at the foot of the mountain21.禁止在此停车forbid parking cars here22.忘记做功课了forget doing ones homework23.原谅他无理行为forgive him for his being rude/rudeness24.用短信的形式in the form of text message25.发财 make a fortune26为奠定坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for 27.与某人交朋友

6、make friends with sb28.盘子里的一只冻鸭a frozen duck on the plate29取笑新来的(同学) make fun of the new comer 30.缩小差距 narrow the gap专题精选词汇填空十一选十十一选十的特点：1) 文章不会太长(约300词)；一般来说第一句是文章主题句并且不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群；2) 方框中词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读理解难度。十一选十的考点：1) 词汇方面以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；2) 语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；3) 逻辑方面考察上下

7、文联系。A. environmentB. necessarilyC. allowed D. cheatedE. international F. admitted G. hardly H. necessaryI. joy J. communication K. difficulty A friend of mine once asked me: “Why should a Chinese take time to learn a language that is not his own?” Obviously he has _1_in learning a foreign language.

8、He is not the only one who is mentally against English learning. One reason, as I suspect, is the way English is taught. The emphasis on memorization is such that no _2_is left in the process of learning, only endless annoyance. What students are presented in the classroom is not the language in rea

9、l-world _3_. A Chinese student with extremely high scores for American standardized tests was _4_ into one of the most famous universities. But his professors soon found out that he could_5_ understand the lesson. Suspecting that he_6_in the tests, the school demanded he repeat them. Again, he passe

10、d with high scores. Not till then did they realize that the student had mastered the techniques for dealing with the tests, not_7_the skills of using the language.Many people take TOFEL, IELTS, GRE, annual Band 4 and Band 6 exams not because they work in areas where English is a(n)_8_tool,but becaus

11、e they have to do it for job promotion or enrolment in certain programs.Must English learning be such a pain in the neck? Create a(n)_9_ where learning English is natural and painless. Dont make it compulsory for people whose work or major does not require it. China will not become more_10_ by addin

12、g millions of people who can only say a simple “Hello”.【Keys】: KIJFG DBHAE【解析】:第一步：词性分类A. environment n.B. necessarily adv.C. allowed v./adj.D. cheated v./adj.E. international adj.F. admitted v./adj.G. hardly adv.H. necessary adj.I. joy n.J. communication n.K. difficulty n.在进行这一步时要注意两个问题：1. 在英文中有的单词

13、不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、approach、challenge、change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。2. 以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。例如：sleeping在“She is sleeping.”中就是动词，而在“sleeping beauty”中就是形容词，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。第二步：抓住中心，略读文章首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。建议使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。第三步：确定空格词性，填词入

14、空首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。以示例中第一个空为例，空前面的词是has，这时出现两种情况：1. has是及物动词后面可以加宾语，需要填入一个名词。2. has是现在完成时的助动词，后面需要使用过去分词。也就是说名词性的environment, joy, excitement, difficulty和过去分词形式的allowed, admitted, cheated都有可能。但是空后面的是一个介词in而allowed, admitted都是及物动词后面加宾语时不需要介词，所以空中只能

15、从environment, joy, excitement, difficulty四个名词和cheated中选取。根据上下文意思，此空应为“困难”，而且符合句型have difficulty in doing，故选difficulty。然后请在difficulty的K处用笔作个记号，表示已用过了。确认空格处词性的规律： 1.确定空格为名词(1) 如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词adj.或者及物动词vt.，空格处应填入名词。示例第三空communication(交流)(2) 如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。示例第二空joy(3) 如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且

16、空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)。示例第九空environment2.确定空格为动词(1) 如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词。(2) 如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去分词。示例第四空admitted(3) 如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应填不及物动词。示例第六空cheated(4) 如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词。(5) 如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处

17、应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。3.确定空格为形容词(1) 如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词。示例第八空necessary(2) 如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词。(3) 如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。示例第十空international4.确定空格为副词(1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。示例第五空hardly(2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。第四步：跳读检查只读有空格的句子，检查句意是否通顺。之后，再通读全文，进行再次检查。十一选十A. benefits B. dis

18、placed C. employed D. eventually E. impact F. jobless G. productive H. responsive I. shrunk J. swept K. prosperityInnovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the industrial revolution hand weavers were 31_ aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital

19、 revolution has 32_ many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists,ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such

20、 disruption is a natural part of rising 33_. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more 34_ society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was 35_ on a farm. Today less than 2%

21、 of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered 36_, but found better- paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has 37_, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point

22、, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its 38_. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technologys 39_ will feel like a torn

23、ado (旋风), hitting the rich world first, but 40_ sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.31-40 J B K G C F I A E DA. unwilling B. aggression C. necessarily D. felt E. tension F. area G. surprised H. clear I. range J. helpful K. relatively An addiction（瘾）is an activity

24、or substance we are eager to experience repeatedly and for which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be _31_ in coping with addictive behavior. _32_ minor addictions such as wa

25、tching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a

26、behavior long after it has become _33_ that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use but is _34_ to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very m

27、inor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much _35_ in between. Although it is not _36_ true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level

28、of negative consequences.You may be _37_ to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expe

29、nse is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time and there is a broad _38_ of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the u

30、rge to engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is _39_ when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of _40_ and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon there is an increas

31、ed likelihood that we will act on the urge again.31-40 JKHAF CGIDEA. industry B. inevitably C. strongly D. fueled E. humble F. longingG. classless H. invaded I. status J. complicated K. illustrations Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are that theyll say, “Success.” The d

32、ream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered a“new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a _31_ society where

33、anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers; inLetters from an American Farmer(1782) he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered（无拘无束）and unrestrained, because each person works for himself We have no pr

34、inces, for whom we labor, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where“the rewards of a mans _32_ follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and _33_ national expansion into the western territories.

35、 Our national historical story is full of _34_ of the American success story. Theres Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from _35_ origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of f

36、iction for young boys, became Americans best-selling author with his rags-to-riches tales. The _36_ for success haunts （萦绕于）us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of

37、success has even _37_ our personal relationships: today its as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business. But dreams can easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of succes

38、s _38_ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in _39_ symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, and eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us a

39、nd others that we believe _40_ in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.31-40 G A D K E F H B I C A. merchandize B. completed C. fueled D. concerns E. significantF. magnificent G. executive H. volume I. consumption J. created K.

40、providedAlibaba Group Holding Ltd, Chinas e-commerce giant, on Friday set another sales record for Singles Day, the worlds biggest online shopping event, reporting that about 120.7 billion yuan ($17.79 billion) was spent in 24 hours.Alibaba, which _31_ the annual shopping festival on November 11, 20

41、09, said that this years sales far exceeded last years 92.1 billion yuan in transactions (交易).Jack Ma, _32_ chairman of Alibaba Group, said he was very satisfied with this years sales. Ma made his comments in Shenzhen, where Alibaba held an event and invited 600 media from China and abroad to witnes

42、s the real-time transactions of _33_ sold on its platforms.Similar to Black Friday and Cyber Monday in the US and the UK, Singles Day has grown into the worlds largest online shopping event with the participation of not only e-commerce players, but also brick-and-mortar retailers (零售). Alibabas sale

43、s _34_ accounts for a large quantity of the total sales on Singles Day.The event has become a celebration of _35_ for urban residents and more and more for those who live in rural China.The rising penetration (渗透) rate of smartphones in China has _36_ the growth in Singles Day. About 82 percent of t

44、his years transactions were _37_ using mobile devices, a _38_ increase from 68.67 percent recorded last year, according to Alibaba.The increasingly convenient Internet consumer-finance services in China have helped more people to shrug off _39_ about shopping as they can afford more purchases by bor

45、rowing small loans.By 5 pm on Friday, about 21 percent of the Nov 11 shopping purchases were paid by Ant Check Later, an online consumer finance service _40_ by Ant Financial Services Group.JGAHI CBEDKA. double B. intense C. pressures D. stock E. agriculture F. trappedG. withdrawal H. availability I

46、. drive J. expanding K. risingThroughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more _31_ will these conflicts be when people fight over the Earths most indispensable resource water? We may find out in the not-too-dist

47、ant future if projections about the _32_ of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct.Less than three percent of the planets _33_ is fresh water, and almost two-thirds of this amount is _34_ in ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers too deep or too remote to access. In her book,

48、 Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last, Sandra Postel outlines three forces that _35_ tension and conflict over freshwater. Using up the water “resource pie”. In India, the worlds second-most populous nation, with over 1 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater _36_ is twice that of re

49、charge, a deficit higher than in any other country. Although water is a renewable resource, it is not a(n) _37_ one. The freshwater available today for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago, when global population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. popula

50、tion is 287 million.)Global _38_ accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the worlds most water-stressed, controversial areas the Aral Sea region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nileland and Tigris-Euphrates population increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastest rate

51、of growth in the world, the population of Palestinian territory will more than _39_ over the next generation. Most experts agree that, because of geography, population _40_ and politics, water wars are most likely to break out in the Middle East, a region where the amount of available freshwater per

52、 capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation.31-35 BHDFI 36-40 GJEAC能力提升练（一）翻译1.我一得到你的医学报告就会立刻告诉你结果的。（inform）I will inform you of the result (immediately) as soon as / the moment I get the medical report.2.只有得到了老师的一次次表扬后她才对自己更充满自信。(Only)Only after she was praised by the teacher again

53、and again did she have more confidence in herself.3. 没有他的镇静和勇敢，一个九岁的男孩不可能在地震中虎口脱险的。(narrowly) Without his calmness and bravery, it could (be/ have been) impossible for a nine-year-old boy to narrowly escape from death in the earthquake. / couldnt have escaped narrowly from death.4. 精明的生意人同别人讨价还价时，脸上

54、不动声色。所以他们对价格是否满意令人无从得知。(show)When smart /clever dealers / businessmen bargain with others, they show no facial expression, so its hard to tell whether they are satisfied with the price.（二）完型In an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For th

55、e animals, they are stressful and often painful. That ideal world, _41_, is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want _42_ from the toxicity（毒性） of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on. _43_, the European Commission is moving ahead with proposals that w

56、ill _44_ the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical _45_ for use within the unions borders in the past 25 years. Already, the commission has _46_ 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be exa

57、mined right away, and plans to spend between $4 billion $8 billion doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple (翻五倍) from just over l million a year to about 5, unless they are saved by some dramatic _47_ in non-animal testing technology.

58、Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues.A good place to start finding _48_ for toxicity tests is the liver-the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be eliminated from body. Two firms

59、, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects.PrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures（士音养基） over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under

60、 _49_. The characteristics of the cells are carefully _50_, to look for changes in their microanatomy（组织学）. Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying _51_ cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is ad

61、ded, that suggests the chemical _52_ is bad for the liver. Other tissues, too, can be tested _53_ of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an _54_ version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelixs researchers, the firms cultured cells have similar mic

62、roanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and _55_ in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases. All this suggests that though there is still

63、some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made.41.A. fortunatelyB. sadlyC. ironicallyD. technically42.A. protectionB. identificationC. isolationD. interaction43.A. HoweverB. IndeedC. InsteadD. Furthe

64、rmore44.A. increaseB. decreaseC. prohibitD. specify45.A. testedB. createdC. assessedD. approved46.A. outlinedB. imposedC. identifiedD. released47.A. diagnosesB. advancesC. proofsD. appearances48.A. alternativesB. breakthroughsC. possibilitiesD. implications49.A. suspicionB. controlC. wayD. investiga

65、tion50.A. monitoredB. studiedC. analyzedD. classified51.A. relevantB. numerousC. individualD. measurable52.A. in questionB. in principleC. in practiceD. in reality53.A. successfullyB. independentlyC. ocassionallyD. collectively54.A. usefulB. constantC. matureD. artificial55.A. operateB. functionC. r

66、espondD. enhance41-45 BABAD 46-50 CBADA 51-55 CABDC（三） 作文Directions: Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the instructions given below.每个人都有很多经历，请具体描述一次有价值的经历。A valuable experience When it comes to “a valuable experience”, what occurs to me is the time I spent on Phillip Island.

67、 Situated near Melbourne, it is regarded as a famous tourist destination that attracts more than one million people a year. Thinking of seeing lovely penguins, I couldnt stop being excited. I, together with three other exchange students, hiked up a road and cut into the woods along an overgrown trai

68、l. I felt great to be out in the late sunrise, tramping through woods that echoed with（回响） birdcalls. As the day wore on（时间消逝）, our initial excitement decreased as our legs began to feel tired. The night fell. Our passion was lit up when Jackie suddenly shouted, “Oh, see the house with the shape of

69、seashell!” We made our way to the house, only to find there had already been so many tourists, waiting eagerly along the coast with their heavy jackets on. We began to feel chilly as we only wore T-shirts. To make things worse, the heavily blowing wind and our upset stomach made out wait a torturing

70、 trial. Some tourist left, but never would we! “Look, there is one!” Connie cried out, pointing out at the sea. We could find nothing but great joy when we saw the penguin reach the shallow water and waddle（摇摇摆摆地走） to the shore. In case that we frighten the penguin, we were forbidden to use our camera to record the exciting scene. But the penguins waddling clumsily here and there will always stay in mind, reminding me of having such a valuable experience which helps to weave my life into a pattern whose end is beyond sight.