专题04选择性必修四Unit4（知识串讲）-2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）.docx

1、专题04 选择性必修四Unit4（知识串讲）-2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）复习方向：1. 词汇变形归纳2. 具体词汇或句型讲解3. 语法概要一、词汇变形归纳auditory /dtri/ adj. 听的，听觉的 (43)-audition n. 听力verbal /vbl/ adj. 口头的；言语的，文字的 (43)-反义词：non-verbaladj.非语言的;非用言语的blank /blk/ adj. 空白的 n. 空白处，空格 (44)-go blank 进入空白composition /kmpzn/ n. 构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲 (44)-

2、compose v. 组成，构成；作曲educator /eduket(r)/ n. 教育家；教育工作者 (44)-education n. 教育-educational adj. 具有教育意义的Confucius /knfjus/ n. 孔子 (44)bound /band/ adj. 一定会，很可能会；有义务（做某事） (44)be bound to 一定会，很可能会 (44)keep pace with sb/sth 与步调一致，与并驾齐驱 (45)-同义短语：keep up with sb/sthresolve /rzlv/ vt. & vi. 解决；表决；决心，决定 n. 决心，坚定

3、的信念 (45)-resolution n.决心；决定refresh /rfre/ vt. 使变新；使恢复精力；使想起 (45)objective /bdektv/ adj. 客观的；客观存在的；宾格的 n. 目标，目的 (45)-object v. 反对 n. 实物criticize /krtsaz/ (also criticise) vt. & vi. 批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价 (45)-critical adj. 关键的；批评的，爱挑剔的；严重的；极重要的-criticism n. 批判主义inquire /nkwa(r)/ vi. & vt. 询问，打听 (45)-inquirem

4、ent n. 询问register /redst(r)/ vi. & vt. 登记，注册 n. 语体风格，语域；登记表 (45)subscribe /sbskrab/ vi. 订阅；定期订购（或订阅等） (45)-subscriber n. 订阅者；捐献者subscribe to 订阅；定期订购（或订阅等）；同意，赞成 (45)concrete /kkrit/ adj. 确实的，具体的；有形的，实在的 n. 混凝土 (45)comprehension /kmprhenn/ n. 理解力，领悟能力；理解练习 (45)-comprehend v.理解，领悟-comprehensive adj. 综

5、合的；广泛的；有理解力的cease /sis/ vi. & vt. （使）停止，终止，结束 (45)self-worth /self w/ n. 自我价值感 (45)inductive /ndktv/ adj. 归纳的，归纳法的 (47)-induct v. 引入；使正式就任；使正式就职；使入伍reasoning /rizn/ n. 推理，理性的观点，论证 (47)-reason v.论证；推理-reasonable adj.合理的；值得推敲的abstract /bstrkt/ adj. 抽象的，纯理论的 /bstrkt/ vt. 把抽象出，提取 (47)swan /swn/ n. 天鹅 (4

6、7)assumption /smpn/ n. 假定，假设 (47)-assume v. 假装；假设；认为domain /dmen; dmen/ n. 领域，范围；领土；域 (47)vocational /vkenl/ adj. 职业的，业务知识的 (48)-vocation n. 职业occupation /kjupen/ n. 工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 (48)-occupy v.占据，忙于qualify /kwlfa/ vt. 使合格，使具备资格 vi. 取得资格（或学历），合格 (48)-qualification n.资格；合格-qualified adj. 合格的，有资格

7、的prospect /prspekt/ n. 成功的机会，前景；可能性 (48)-prospective adj. 有前景的；可能的；有希望的motor /mt(r)/ adj. 机动车的，汽车的 n. 发动机，马达 (48)institution /nsttjun/ n. 机构；风俗习惯，制度 (48)drill /drl/ vt. & vi. 培训，训练；钻（孔） n. 练习，训练；钻，钻头 (49)circuit /skt/ n. 电路，线路；环行；赛车道 (49)competence /kmptns/ n. 能力，胜任 (49)-competent adj.有能力的，能胜任的-comp

8、ete v.竞争recreation /rekrien/ n. 娱乐，消遣 (50)-recreate v. 重现；重建；再创造lamp /lmp/ n. 灯 (50)random /rndm/ adj. 随机的；辨认不出的；不合常理的 (50)-at random 随机statistic /sttstk/ n. 统计数字，统计资料 (50)tablet /tblt/ n. 平板电脑；药片 (50)certificate /stfkt/ n. 文凭，结业证书；证明，证明书 (53)breast /brest/ n. 胸部，胸脯 (53)curtain /ktn/ n. 幕，帷幕；窗帘；帘，幔；

9、覆盖物 (53)in a flash 转瞬间，立即 (53)tight /tat/ adv. 紧紧地，牢固地 adj. 牢固的；严格的；密集的；亲密的 (53)-tighten v.加固；弄紧mature /mt(r)/ adj. 明白事理的，成熟的 vi. 成熟，长成；有判断力 (53)-maturity n. 成熟compose oneself 使自己镇定下来 (53)dormitory /dmtri/ n. 学生宿舍，集体宿舍 (53)circus /sks/ n. 热闹场面；马戏团 (53)essay /ese/ n. 文章，短文 (53)geometry /dimtri/ n. 几何

10、（学）；几何形状 (53)paragraph /prrf/ n. 段，段落 (53)laptop /lptp/ n. 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 (54)dizzy /dzi/ adj. 头晕目眩的；使人眩晕的 (54)sneeze /sniz/ vi. 打喷嚏 n. 喷嚏，喷嚏声 (54)reference /refrns/ n. 参考；提到；推荐信 vt. 查阅，参考 (54)-refer to v. 参考；提及draft /drft/ n. 草稿，草案，草图 vt. 起草，草拟 (54)polish /pl/ vt. & vi. 修改，润饰；擦光，磨光 n. 抛光，上光；完美，娴熟，精湛 (

11、54)drawer /dr(r)/ n. 抽屉 (54)presentation /preznten/ n. 幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出 (54)-present v.提交；赠送cafeteria /kftri/ n. 自助餐厅，自助食堂 (54)bounce /bans/ vt. （向某人）试探地透露（主意） vi. 跳动 n. 弹跳；活力 (54)bounce ideas off sb 向某人试探地透露主意 (54)professor /prfes(r)/ n. 教授；讲师，教员 (54)-profession n.专业；职业-professional adj.专业的；职业的be

12、ard /bd/ n. 胡须，络腮胡子 (54)intimidating /ntmdet/ adj. 吓人的，令人胆怯的 (54)-intimidate v. 恐吓，威胁carriage /krd/ n. （火车的）客车厢；（旧时载客的）四轮马车 (54)kettle /ketl/ n. 壶，水壶 (55)librarian /labrerin/ n. 图书管理员，图书馆馆长 (55)forehead /fhed; frd/ n. 额，前额 (55)extension /kstenn/ n. （为非全日制学生开设的）进修部，进修课；扩大，延伸 (55)-extend v. 扩展；延伸二、具体词

13、汇或句型讲解1. The ability to admit this should not be perceived as a weakness, but as a strength.承认这一点不应被视为弱点，而应被视为优势。admit v. 承认;赞同admit (to sth/to doing sth/that从句) 承认 She admits to being strict with her children.她承认对自己的孩子很严厉。 Dont be afraid to admit to your mistakes.不要怕认错。 You may not like her, but yo

14、u have to admit that shes good at her job.你可能不喜欢她，但你必须承认她擅长她的工作。2.be perceived as将理解为；将视为/认为 This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough.这一发现被视为一项重大突破。 The invention of robots is perceived as a threat to employment.机器人的发明被认为是对（人类）就业的威胁。3. It is vital to remain lifelong learners in a rapidly

15、 changing world. 在瞬息万变的世界中，终身学习至关重要。vital adj.必不可少的；对极重要的be vital for/to sth 对极其重要It is vital to do sth做某事极其重要It is vital that.是极重要的 The police play a vital role in our society.警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。 The port is vital to supply relief to millions of drought victims.这个港口对向数百万旱灾灾民提供救援物资是至关重要的。 It was vit

16、al to show that he was not afraid.最重要的是要表现出他毫无畏惧。 It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self-employed.干个体的要准确记录账目，这十分重要。4. Furthermore, the production of knowledge is bound to grow rapidly. 此外，知识的产出必然会快速增长。be bound to 一定或注定会 The earths climate is bound to change greatly in the futu

17、re.地球的气候在未来必然会有很大的变化。 Its bound to be sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。 Youve done so much workyoure bound to pass the exam.你下了这么大工夫，考试绝对没问题。补充用法： be bound up in 专注于某事，忙于某事 She is bound up in her homework. 她专心做作业。 be bound up with 与有密切联系 The driver is bound up with the terrible accident.这起严重的交通事故的发生与

18、司机有着密不可分的关系。5. Secondly, take advantage of opportunities for lifelong learningfor example, you could register online and subscribe to e-learning courses, which have become increasingly popular in recent years. 第二，利用终身学习的机会，例如，你可以在线注册和订阅电子学习课程，这些课程近年来越来越流行。subscribe to (定期)订阅/订购； 同意,赞成 With online ne

19、ws media becoming popular, it is less common for families to subscribe to printed newspaper.由于在线新闻媒体变得流行起来，现在家庭订印刷报纸的情况没有那么普遍了。 We subscribe to several sports channels (= on TV) . 我们付费收看好几个体育频道。subscription n. 订阅;捐助describedescription; prescribeprescription; absorbabsorption6. blank adj 空白的;空的;没表情的;

20、不理解的;不感兴趣的;完全的 n.(文件等的)空白处，空格;(记忆中的)空白，遗忘;空弹Suddenly the screen went blank . 屏幕突然变成一片空白。Suddenly my mind went blank (= I could not remember anything).我脑子里突然一片空白。She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.她木然地盯着我。7. composition 作文;成分;构成;组合方式;作品;作曲;创作;作曲the chemical composition of the soil 土

21、壤的化学成分8.resolve v. 决定;决心;解决(问题或困难);作出决定;作出决议;表决Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences. 双方会晤以努力解决分歧He resolved not to tell her the truth.他决定不告诉她真相。9. refresh v. 刷新;使恢复精力; 使凉爽;重新斟满; 使想起He had to refresh his memory by looking at his notes.他不得不靠看笔记来提醒自己。Click here to refresh this do

22、cument. 点击此处以刷新文件。The long sleep had refreshed her. 一场酣睡使她重又精力充沛10. criticize vt 批评;批判;挑剔;指责;评论;评价 sb/sth (for sth) 批评；批判；挑剔；指责The decision was criticized by environmental groups. 这个决定受到了环保团体的批评。The government has been criticized for not taking the problem seriously. 政府因没有认真对待这个问题而受到指责11. cease vt&v

23、i 停止; (使)终止;结束cease to do sth / cease doing sth You never cease to amaze me!你总能让我感到惊奇！They voted to cease strike action immediately.他们投票决定立即停止罢工。He ordered his men to cease fire (= stop shooting) .他命令手下停止射击。The company ceased trading in June.12 assumption n.bb假定;假设;(责任的)承担;担任;(权力的)获得We need to chall

24、enge some of the basic assumptions of Western philosophy.我们有必要向西方哲学的某些基本假设提出质疑。assume v. 假定;假设;认为;承担(责任)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。13 . occupation n. 工作，职业，消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 occupy vt. 占领;占用空间、时间等occupied adj.已占用的；使用中；无空闲的occupation n. 占领;消遣;工作;职业 be occ

25、upied with/sth. in doing sth.忙于做某事occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于做某事_Occupying_himself with routine task, Tom had no time to accompany his children who was also _occupied_ in doing their homework. 14. qualify vt. 使胜任;赋予资格 quality n. 品质;质量 qualification n. 资格,能力;合格证书【易混词】quantity n. 数量 poser

26、 n.作曲者，作家compose v. 构成；写作；使平静composed adj. 沉着的；冷静的composition n. 作文，作曲，作品16. refer to 谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考refer to.as 把称为 reference n. 提及；查阅，参考；推荐信；介绍人in/with reference to (所述内容)关于“查词典”的表达方式还有：refer to a dictionary; look sth.up in the dictionary。三、语法概要-复杂句分析1、简单句含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时，简单句包含很多修饰语，这使句子变得很长

27、。要准确理解句子，需要弄清句子的结构，找到主语和谓语。如：Mary, normally a shy girl, talked excitedly about her trip to China during the holidays.2、并列句并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的并列连词有 and 、or 、 but 等。要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连词，弄清楚各分句之间的关系。如：Learning a foreign language can help you understand a foreign culture, and understanding a for

28、eign culture can help you better communicate with people from a different background.The Internet is considered by many to be a source of information, and it is also thought of as a means of entertainment, but some people regard it as a monster.3、主从复合句主从复合句是指含有从句的复合句。要准确理解主从复合句，需要分析句子结构，找到主句和从句，并识别从

29、句的种类。如：Unless you let me know youre not coming, Ill see you at the cinema.I still remember one afternoon two years ago, when we met for the first time at the school gate.This means that what you do is more important than what you say.4、并列主从复合句有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有从句，我们称之为并列主从复合句。要准确理解这种复杂的句子，需要分析句子结构，弄清楚各分句以及主从句之间的逻辑关系。如：I am interested in robots and I believe we can invent better robots for the benefit of people, so long as we continue to make efforts.