专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空（原卷版）.docx

1、专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空（原卷版）一、定语从句1. 思维导图2. 高考真题再现一、2022年高考真题1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 2.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the

2、man Cao Shengkang, _ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 3.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _ are cutting back on their air tr

3、avel because of climate change. 二、2021-2019年高考真题1.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool2gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 2. （2020新课标卷高考真题）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.3.【2019新课标II卷语法填空】Now Irene Astbury

4、 works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.4.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.5.【2019浙江卷语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off

5、 light in the dark.6.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.7.【2019北京卷语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.8.【2018新课标I卷语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 20

6、14 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).9.【2018新课标II卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer

7、recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.10.【2018新课标II卷语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.3. 考试技巧语法填空解题策略1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。 2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么

8、, 补什么”的原则(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用whom。(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whom;

9、 如果先行词指物, 则用which。4. 知识点拓展1：考点梳理1. 引导定语从句的关系词； 2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；3. “介词关系代词”的结构；4. 关系词之间的异同及选用。考点1定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。This is the house which we bought last month. (2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。The house, which we bought last month, is very

10、 nice. 当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 考点2 关系代词与关系副词关系词先

11、行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人、物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose fath

12、er works abroad is my deskmate.that人、物主语、宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语、宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人、物主语、宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This i

13、s the same pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which替换where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in which替换why原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which替换考点3关系代词that和which的特殊用法1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：(

14、1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。I will tell you everything that I know. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to?(3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰。Chatting is the only thing th

15、at interests her. (4)先行词中既有人也有物。The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me. (5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。Who is the boy that is lying under the tree?2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况：(1)“介词关系代词”结构中。The house in which we live is very large. (2)非限制性定语从句中。He changed his mind, which made me angry

16、. (3)先行词本身是that。What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now?考点4限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略His

17、mother,whom he loved deeply,died ten years ago.考点5关系代词as和which的区别1. 位置不同。as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。As we all know, life is not a bed of roses. Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know. 2. 意义不同。as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果

18、。As often happened, they won the football game again. It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out. 3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。Such books as you want are sold out. 二、名词性从句1. 思维导图 2. 高考真题再现一、2022年高考真题1. (2022年北京卷)Its easy to explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not.二

19、、2021-2019年高考真题1.（2021.6新高考1卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song The Long and Winding Road.1is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2. （2020浙江高考真题）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from th

20、e wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.3.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.4.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in

21、 Canada. 3. 考试技巧【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略名词性从句做题两步骤第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词; 若缺少状语就用连接副词; 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。 4. 知识点拓展1：考点梳理5. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法； 6. 易混引导词的辨析；7. 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区分。考点1基本用法引导词类别常见引导词作用连接代词what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever,

22、whichever, whoever, whomever有词义，在从句中担任主语、表语、宾语、或定语等成分连接副词how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever有词义，在从句中担任状语成分从属连词that, whether, if除that外均有词义，在从句中不担任成分，只起连接作用考点2 主语从句1. 引导词在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的常见引导词有：(1)从属连词： that, whether, if(2)连接代词：what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever

23、, whoever, whomever(3)连接副词：how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever2. it作形式主语在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾。用it作形式主语通常有以下四种句型：(1)Itbe形容词从句：It is necessary that. 有必要It is important that. 重要的是It is obvious that. 很明显(2)Itbe过去分词从句：It is believed that. 人们相信It is known to all that. 众所

24、周知It has been decided that. 已决定(3)Itbe名词(短语)从句：It is common knowledge that. 是常识It is a surprise that. 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that. 事实是(4)It不及物动词/动词短语从句：It appears that. 似乎It happens that. 碰巧It occurs to sb. that. 某人突然想起It doesnt matter whether. 没有关系考点3宾语从句动词+宾语从句I want to know what he has told you.介词+wh

25、-类连接词引导的宾语从句His father is worried about whether he would lose his work.besides/beyond/but/except/that (除了)Have you heard anything beyond that he is ill?Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us correct our mistakes.find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等+it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句I thi

26、nk it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等+it+宾语从句I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.形容词+宾语从句Im sure that they can make it.考点4表语从句1. 引导词在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句，可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等。表语从句

27、的常见引导词有：(1)从属连词： that, whether(2)连接代词： what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever(3)连接副词： how, when, where, why2. 几种特殊的表语从句(1) as if/though 引导的表语从句此类表语从句常出现在seem, look, sound, taste, feel, appear等连系动词后，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。It sounds as if you are from Canada. It seemed as if s

28、he had heard the news. (2) because和why引导的表语从句此类表语从句常用于以下句型：this/that is why. 这/那是的原因this/that is because. 这/那是因为注意：主句主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，而不用because或why。The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk. The reason for yesterdays accident is that the driver was drunk. 考点

29、5同位语从句常见的能接同位语从句的名词belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word引导词同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略例句The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.The que

30、stion where we shall have a meeting hasnt been decided.考点6连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用1. 用whether或if均可的情况(1) whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。(2) it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall study abroad. 2. 用whether而不用if的情况(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首Whether we will go camping depends

31、on the weather. Whether he will succeed, I cant say. (2)引导表语从句和同位语从句The question is whether we can get in touch with him. He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting. (3)引导介词的宾语从句Everything depends on whether we have free time. (4)引导词与or not连用He doesnt know whether or not he is go

32、ing to stay. (5)引导词后接to doThey needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting. (6)有些动词如discuss, decide等后的宾语从句We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (7)避免用if引导产生歧义Let me know whether you are coming to our party. 三、模拟演练1.（2022浙江嘉兴二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。A second-grade ed

33、ucation has not stopped garbage collector Jose Gutierrez, aged 53, from bringing the gift of reading to thousands of Colombian _61_ (child).Gutierrez started rescuing books from the garbage nearly 20 years ago. He always drove a garbage truck through the countrys wealthier neighborhoods. Over time,

34、the _62_ (abandon) reading material slowly piled up. And now the ground floor of his small house is fled from floor to ceiling _63_ some 20,000 books, ranging from chemistry textbooks to classics for kids.He says books are treasures for kids in low-income neighborhoods such as _64_ (he). New reading

35、 material at bookstores is too expensive and public libraries tend _65_ (be) far away from poorer areas. “This should be on each corner of every neighborhood,” says Gutierrez. He has a love of reading _66_ he says comes from his mother. She always read to him even though she was _67_ poor to keep hi

36、m in school.So far, Gutierrez _68_ (travel) to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience of starting a library. “To me, the book is the greatest _69_ (invent) that can happen to a human being,” he says, adding that he does not reject technology that allows books to be read _70_ (digital

37、), but he prefers to read the printed words on paper.2.（2022新疆师范大学附属中学一模）阅读下面短文，从空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。Being in the right place at the right time can mean the difference between life and death. When _71_abnormal ice storm felled runners in a 100-kilometer cross-country race in Chinas north-western

38、 Gansu Province, a shepherd(牧羊人）_72_(name) Zhu Keming braved the elements to pull three men and three women to_73_(safe).The day of the race began with mild temperatures. Zhu was tending his sheep as usual when temperatures _74_ (drop) quickly. Small hard balls of ice mixed with rain began to fall t

39、o the earth, and then Zhu took shelter _75_a small cave hed been using for years to store emergency supplies. It was from this position that Zhu noticed a man in obvious danger. Zhu brought the man back to the cave to warm him up. After _76_(light) a fire, Zhu returned to the mountainside, shepherdi

40、ng five _77_(addition) runners to the cave. Unprepared for the sudden shift in the weather, most racers were outfitted in lightweight clothing that was no match for the_78_ (extreme) cold weather.I want to say _79_ grateful I am to the man who saved me, said Zhang Xiaotao, who was one of the runners

41、. While Zhu is now considered as a hero, the humble shepherd said, I am just an ordinary person and did what I could_80_ (help) these runners.3.（2022河南南阳中学三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A unique exhibition of paintings opened at the Shanghai Mental Health Center on Thursdayall the 49 paintings a

42、re created by three hospitalized artists with schizophrenia (精神分裂).With the theme of “loud hailer”, the exhibition offers people with the mental disorder a chance to express themselves artistically and allows their voice _1_(hear) by the public, officials from the center said. This can arouse _2_(aw

43、are) and promote better understanding and support for people with mental diseases, they added.“Loud hailer means two-way communication. These paintings are created by patients _3_have been hospitalized for a long time. They live in a _4_(relative) closed environment. So we want to use this exhibitio

44、n to achieve communication between these hospitalized artists _5_the audience,” said Chen Mengyuan, the curator.Dr Xie Bin from the Shanghai Mental Health Center said the exhibition also aims to remove the stigma (污名) attached_6_ people with schizophrenia.“We hope more people with mental disease wil

45、l become _7_(scholar), artists and even great scientists like John Nash through medical treatment and a good _8_(society) environment.”Nash was an American mathematician who _9_(award) the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics and whose life as _10_schizophrenia patient was described in the movie A Beautif

46、ul Mind, based on his book of the same name.4.（2022辽宁模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We believe that acts of kindness can change the world for the _11_ (good). On April 28,_12_ (country) across the world will unite with one common goal:to stand for kindness together. Pay It Forward Day helps co

47、nduct a series of goodness _13_ (feel) across the globe.Pay It Forward Day, a worldwide celebration of kindness, _14_ (create) in 2010 in the United States, working hard to bring forward _15_ concept of paying it forward to the world at large. We are excited that we now have over 80 countries _16_ (

48、participate)in Pay it Forward Day with over 100 state and city proclamations.Of course, _17_ we all hope is that people pay kindness forward every day and make each day a little bit brighter. We believe that small acts, when multiplied by millions of people can _18_ (definite) have a deep impact on

49、the worldand on April 28th well set out to prove it! For this years international Pay it Forward Day(PIFD)we are aiming to inspire over 10 million acts of kindness around the world. Imagine the _19_ (different) that would make! Join us _20_ paying it forward and help spread the word about this impor

50、tant day!5.（2022辽宁阜新蒙古族自治县高级中学模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填上1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The people of Kiunga, Kenya, have been forced to drink, cook and bathe in dirty and_21_(pollute) water for years. In 2018, GivePower, a nonprofit organization _22_ provides solar energy solutions to regions that need it most, install

51、ed its first-ever solar water farm, and it_23_ (provide) clean water to 3,000 people every single day so far. The solar water farm turns the salt water of the Indian Ocean_24_ clean drinking water through advanced filtration(过滤)systems.The main issue is that water plants cost a lot _25_ (run), howev

52、er, solar panels have helped solve this issue. GivePowers solar water farm produces solar energy using _26_ (it) solar panels. These are able to produce 50 kilowatts of energy and power two water pumps that run 24_27_ (hour) a day. Before their solar farm _28_ (build), the people of Kiunga had to tr

53、avel up to one hour a day just to get access to clean drinking water.“Just $20 provides clean, healthy, fresh water for one person for_29_entire decade!” GivePower Foundation wrote on Instagram _30_ (proud).6.（2022江苏模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或用括号内单词的正确形式（至多三个单词）。The Beijing Organizing Committee f

54、or the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sent a thank-you letter to volunteer applicants who were not _31_ (previous) selected and expressed gratitude for their support in the preparation work of the Games.The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic _32_ (bring) great challenges to many aspects of

55、the preparation work, and the committee has adjusted requirements for volunteers in _33_ (consider) of virus control and prevention.“_34_ you were not selected as a volunteer of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, every applicant is _35_ excellent promoter for the Olympic spirit and vo

56、lunteerism,” the committee says in the letter.Many applicants said they _36_ (move) by the touching letter and posted their replies online. A netizen named Joleen-kun said _37_ (they) application had been seen, which was something to be proud of as they were respected by the committee.Another netize

57、n Xiguali commented that their enthusiasm has been respected and the committee is warm to pay attention to details, thus _38_ (send) a letter like this.According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee, more than 1 million people applied to serve _39_ volunteers and nearly 20,000 were selected, mos

58、t of _40_ are from colleges and universities in Beijing and Hebei Province.7.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。English perfectly shows the “network effects” of a global tongue: the more people use it, the more useful it is. Parents expect their children 1. (master)English, which is encouraging the

59、 2. (grow)of private schooling. Education authorities are switching to English medium, in part to control the outflow(外流) of children into the private sector.Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3. they speak at home and their parents are fluent 4. it. But that is not 5. case in most publ

60、ic and low-cost private schools. Children are taught in a language they dont understand by teachers 6. English is poor. The children learn neither English nor anything else.Research shows that children learn 7. (much)when they are taught in their mother tongue than they do when they are taught in an

61、y other language. In a study of children in 12 schools in Cameroon last month, those taught in Kom 8. (do)better than those taught in English in all subjects.English should be an important subject at school, but not 9. (necessary)the language of instruction. Rather than switching to English-medium t

62、eaching, governments fearful of 10. (lose) custom (光顾) to the private sector should look at the many possible ways of improving public schools.8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Pinyin is a successful tool, which 11. (teach) in China to school kids. It is not merely used by westerners like us. It has

63、 proved to be a useful tool for Chinese people 12. (they) to learn standard pronunciation in their early education.The first step is to learn how 13. (pronounce) each letter in pinyin correctly and the meaning of the tone markers. Then you have to do 14. (drill) as many as you can. Turn that into a

64、game. It can be 15. (much) fun than you would expect. Start 16. single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs. Slowly move on to larger groups. Understand the initial, final and the tones.But most importantly, 17. you need is good feedback. Youd better have someone that can correct your

65、 mistakes immediately.Find a native Chinese, 18. can listen to you and correct you. If you take Chinese classes, the teacher will 19. (probable) have you do drills every class. Do this very seriously.If you are self-studying, try to meet native Chinese people and ask them to give you some feedback.

66、Otherwise, try to be self-critical and listen very carefully. Good 20. (listen) is more than 50% of what it takes to pronounce correctly.9.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever met anyone of your age from America? Do you think you would have a lot 21. common with the middle school students t

67、here?In fact, there are lots of 22. (different). For example, classes in American schools are 23. (small) than ours. Most classes in America have no more than 30 students. Most students in the US dont wear school uniforms, and they never do group exercises each day the way we do. 24. we do exercises

68、 in the morning together will make them surprised.In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.Whats the first thing you think about when you get up in the morning? Its 25. (probable) your lessons at school. You may wonder26. you have finished your homework. Chinese stud

69、ents are always under lots of pressure both at home 27. at school. They study hard at night, and sometimes even on weekends because exams are very important to them.For Chinese students, school is life, but not for American students. They dont have to worry about passing exams all the time, so they

70、can spend time in and out of school 28. (do) things they enjoy. Students do different things for fun. Playing sports, making music and surfing the website are all their favorite activities. Many American teachers think that 29. (study) hard isnt enough to make good students. They encourage students

71、30. (try) lots of different things.10.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Three-quarters of the worlds coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and usually use harmful pesticides(杀虫剂) and 31. (chemical) that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (迁徙的)songbirds di

72、sappear, too. In order to deal with increasing population and habitat 32. (lose)，Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification (证书).Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that 33. (clear) of all other plants. Coffee

73、experts say shade-grown coffees taste 34. (good), because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, 35. (result) in a richer, more complex flavor (味道). Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, store

74、s carbon 36. fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, 37. is better for people and for the planet.Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide additional i

75、ncome 38. farmers. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee bought rewards these farmers with a little more money for taking good care of the environment and encourages them to continue 39. (protect) Bird Friendly habitat.You can buy Bird Friendly certified coffees throughout the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it 40. (deliver) to your door when you order online.