专题07 被动语态高频考点（原题版）-备战2024年中考英语真题题源解密（上海专用）.docx

1、专题07 动词被动语态上海中考对被动语态主要考查不同时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态。其中以一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态为主，其次涉及到含有情态动词的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以帮助同学们高效复习。考点考向考法/命题角度不同时态的被动语态1.被动语态的基本形式2.不同时态的被动语态3. 含情态动词被动语态4.常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况5.被动语态在句子改写中运用1. 不同时态的被动语态基本构成形式，在不同的时态中,be动词有不同的形式。2. 主动语态中有些使役动词（如：make, let等）后用

2、不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原，即：make sb. do sth.sb. be made to do sth.。含情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+done”。Your homework must be finished today.你的作业今天必须完成。 考向一、 被动语态单选题高频易混易错梳理/归纳被动语态结构：1. 一般现在时2. 一般过去时3. 一般将来时4. 过去将来时5. 现在进行时6. 过去进行时7. 现在完成时8. 过去完成时9. 带情态动词1. The article is written (by he

3、r).2. The article was written (by her).3. The article will be written (by her).4. Our teacher said the article would be written (by her).5. The article is being written (by her).6. The article was being written (by her).7. The article has been written (by her).8. The teacher said the article had bee

4、n written (by her).9. The article might be written by her.还原to使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法1. Mother often makes me do some housework.I am often made to do some housework by mother.2. We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom by us.主动表被

5、动：1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中1. Thi

6、s kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。4. he skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。)6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be do

7、ne 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。)没有被动语态的词:1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc.2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为

8、反身代词，相互代词 4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing1.The film lasted for 3 hours.2. Many changes have happened in our hometown.3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow.5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。7. Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight. 8. The man

9、introduced himself to everyone.9. They help each other study English.10. Shelikestoswim. 11.Sheenjoys watching TV. 辨认是否为被动语态“be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。1. He is pleased / worried / tired /(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态)3. The door

10、 was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作）易错点总结（常考点）1）在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。If lamgiven enough time, I will do it better.给我足够的时间，我会做得更好。2）固定结构中的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。Such a bad habitshould be got rid of.这样的坏习惯应该改掉。（of 不可以省去的）3）有些动词如write, read, sell，wash, open等当强调动作执行情况时, 有被动语态; 当用作不及物动词来说明主语

11、本身所具有的特征时,无被动语态。The computerswere sold out, because theysell well.电脑被卖光了，因为它们卖得好。The clothwashes easily.这布很好洗。4）在“tooto”结构和形容词 enough to do结构中,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to work out.5）常见的被动语态的句型搭配据说. It is said that .据报导. It is reported that .据推测. It is supposed that .希望. It is hoped

12、 that .众所周知. It is well known that .普遍认为. It is generally considered that .有人建议. It is suggested that1（2019上海中考真题）Worries in life if you speak out to your close friend.Awill reduceBwere reducingCwill be reducedDwere reduced2（2017上海中考真题）The museum _ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Fe

13、stival.Ais decoratedBwill decorateCis decoratingDwill be decorated3（2015上海中考真题）Over $30,000 _ for a childrens hospital by a British girl several months ago.Ais raisedBwas raisedCwill be raisedDhas been raised4（2012上海中考真题）Im sure that stricter roles to control cigarette smoking_ very soon.AmadeBwill

14、makeCwere madeDwill be made考向二、 句型转换中的被动语态高频易混易错梳理/归纳语态转换时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.A new computer have been bought. （错误）2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多My uncle gave me a present on my

15、birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。(1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to h

16、er.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。(1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us.3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+

17、 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over

18、, turn down, work out, turn out 等。His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。(1) We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.(2) She told us to follow her instructions.We w

19、ere told to follow her instructions.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾

20、语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。Nobody can answer this question.误：The question can be answered by nobody.正：The question can not be answered by anybody.6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。They havent done anything to make the river clean.误：Anything has

21、nt been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：Who wrote the story?误：Who was the story written?正：By whom was the story written?8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read,

22、 clean, sell, wash, cook 等。(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。对比：The books sell well. (主动句)The books were sold out. (被动句)The meat didnt cook well. (主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, so

23、und, remain等。(1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.误：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。He entered the r

24、oom and got his book.误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.误：Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。The fire broke out in the capital building.误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及

25、物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.误：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained.误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：I taught

26、myself English.误：Myself was taught English.We love each other.误：Each other is loved.教材中与被动语态相关的句型1.be covered with被覆盖2.be made of由制作(发生物理变化)be made from由制作(发生化学变化)be made in由(某地)制造be made by被(某人)制造3.be used for被用来be used as被当作(作为)来使用be used to do sth.被用来做某事4.It is said that.据说It is hoped that.希望It i

27、s well known that.众所周知例如：几种特殊的被动语态1.带不定式的被动语态。The child is sure to be punished for that. 那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。2. 带介词的动词短语的被动语态。Such a thing has never been heard of. 这件事前所未闻。3. 带副词的动词短语的被动语态。The radio has just been turned off. 收音机刚刚被关上。4. 当sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等动词若有状语well, easily, badl

28、y来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。The pen writes well. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。形式为主动，意义为被动。(中考难点)1.由少数及物动词转化来的不及物动词(sell, clean, wash, cut, drive, wear, write等)，当句子的主语为物时，可用主动形式表被动意义。The car drives well.The cloth washes easily.2.在be worth doing, need doing中，主语是物，doing表示被动意义。The book is worth reading.Th

29、e tree needs watering.3.形容词 cheap, dangerous, important, comfortable, interesting等接不定式做状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。The old lady is easy to get along with.The question is difficult to answer.4.感官动词look, sound, taste, smell, feel等，主动语态表被动意义。You look unhappy.The cake tastes delicious.【点睛】 一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的.过

30、去分词，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have(has)done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动，shall(will)be doing。现在完成时，被动 have(has)been done。现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。（2022上海中考真题）1. The research group discovered a n

31、ew kind of insect last week. （改为被动语态）A new kind of insect _ _ by the research group last week.（2021上海中考真题）2Doctor Wu Mengchao saved a lot of patients lives. （改为被动语态）A lot of patients lives _ _ by Doctor Wu Mengchao.（2020上海中考真题）3The 13-year-old one-armed basketball player attracted a lot of fans. （改为

32、被动语态）A lot of fans_ _by the 13-year-old one- armed basketball player.（2019上海中考真题）4. The scientists released the picture of a black hole to the world on April10.（改为被动语态）The picture of a black hole_ _to the world by the scientists on April 10.（2018上海中考真题）5. We will hold a class meeting to talk about t

33、eam work next Friday(改为被动语态)A class meeting will _ _ to talk about team work next Friday.（2017上海中考真题）6The local government organizes the film festival every autumn（改为被动语态）The film festival _by the local government every autumn（2016上海中考真题）7A middle school student invented a new robot last term. （改为被动

34、语态）A new robot _ _ by a middle school student last term.一、单项选择1（2023上上海静安九年级校考期中）Many graduates _ to celebrate the 100th birthday of our school last week.AinvitedBwill be invitedCwere invitedDhad invited2（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）Hangzhou Asian Games _ in September and in October, 2023.Atook placeBare hel

35、dCwere taken placeDheld3（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）Itll be a great honor if I _ to the charity evening party next week.AinviteBwill inviteCwill be invitedDam invited4（2023上上海黄浦九年级统考期中）Dont worry. Your package _ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.AkeptBwas keepingChas been keptDwill be kept5（2

36、023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）The famous fairy tale Three Little Pigs _ by almost all the children throughout the world.Ais readBare readCis readingDare reading6（2022下上海静安九年级上海市市西中学校考期中）The winner of “Super Brain” _ this coming Saturday.Aare interviewedBwere interviewedCwill interviewDwill be interviewed7（2022下上

37、海闵行九年级上海市实验学校西校校考期中）After Shanghai Disney Resort _, it became a new tourist attraction.AcompletedBcompleteCis completedDwas completed8（2022下上海黄浦九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）A large number of tea plants _ on the sides of the mountain every year.Awill be grownBare grownCis grownDgrow9（2022下上海徐汇九年级统考期中）How m

38、any pieces of furniture _ at IKEA since last year?Ahave soldBhas soldCwere soldDhave been sold10（2022下上海徐汇九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he _ to the hospital.Ais takenBhas takenCwas takenDtook11（2023上上海嘉定九年级校考期末）A high-tech ship _ after the Mayflower that set sail from P

39、lymouth in 1620.AnamesBwas namedCnamedDis named12（2022上上海宝山九年级统考开学考试）He bought the car last year and it now requires _ regularly.Ato serviceBservicingCbeing servicedDservice13（2022上上海静安九年级上海市市北初级中学校考期末）Henry has drawn five comic strips this year and two of them _ months ago.ApublishedBhave published

40、Cwere publishedDhave been published14（2023上海浦东新统考三模）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _ for future use.Ais savedBare savedCwas savedDhave been saved15（2023上海闵行统考二模）New energy cars _ by electricity, so they re environmentally friendly.Aare drivenBdriveCwere drivenDdrove16（2023上海

41、虹口统考二模）The World Cup is an international football competition that _ every four years.AholdsBheldCis heldDwas held17（2023上海黄浦统考二模）Frozen, a musical fantasy film, _ by Walt Disney in 2013.Ais producedBwas producedCwill be producedDhad been produced18（2023江苏南京校联考一模）The famous magician, as well as his

42、assistants, _ to perform at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023.Awas invitedBwere invitedChas been invitedDhave been invited19（2023上海松江统考一模）Kitty _ allowed to stay outside late by her parents when she was under 18.AwasntBisntCwont beDhadnt been20（2023上海奉贤统考一模）Have you heard of the terrible news? Large

43、amounts of our personal information _ on the Internet last night.Ahave been soldBwas soldChas been soldDwere sold二、句型转换21（2023上上海浦东新九年级校考期中）We call one of the most popular shows the voice of china.(改为被动语态)The voice of china one of the most popular shows.22（2023上上海静安九年级校考期中）We have built many undergr

44、ound railways in the past few years. (改为被动语态)Many underground railways built in the past few years.23（2023上上海徐汇九年级位育中学校考期中）We will build a new hospital near our neighbourhood soon. (改为被动语态)A new hospital will near our neighbourhood soon.24（2023上上海普陀九年级统考期中）My friends gave me some books at my fifteen

45、th birthday party.（改为被动语态）I some books at my fifteenth birthday party.25（2023上上海杨浦九年级统考期中）We didnt know many details about the poets early life.（改为被动语态）Many details about the poets early life .26（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）Did Damin throw the fish into a big basket?(改为被动语态) the fish into a big basket by Dam

46、in?27（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）The gardener waters the beautiful flowers every day. (改成被动语态)The beautiful flowers by the gardener every day.28（2023上上海浦东新九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）The cartoonist has made the script into a finished comic strip. （改为被动语态）The script made into a finished comic strip by the cartoonist.29（2023上海明珠中学校考）We should clean the classroom every day.（改为被动语态）The classroom should every day.30（2023上海华育中学校考）Scientists will invent more amazing materials to save our lives.（改为被动语态）More amazing materials will to save our lives by scientists.