专题10 主旨大意题 （讲义）(原卷版)-【高频考点解密】2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测（新高考专用） .docx

1、专题10 主旨大意题01专题网络思维脑图02考情分析解密高考03高频考点以考定法考点【高考解密】 命题点01 标题归纳题 命题点02 文章大意题命题点03 段落大意题【技巧解密】【考向预测】04核心素养微专题微专题 主旨大意题易错陷阱05创新好题分层练考点考查内容高考考题设问细节理解题核心价值：高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。

2、这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独

3、立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。学科素养：1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德

4、育本色 。2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。【2023年1月浙江卷】D35Which of the following is the best title for the text? 标题归纳【2023新高考全国卷】B27.What can be a suitable title for the text? 标题归纳【2022年全国甲卷】C27. Which can be a suitable title for the tex

5、t? 标题归纳【2022年全国乙卷】C31. Which is the most suitable title for the text? 标题归纳【2021年新高考I卷】 C篇31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? 标题归纳【2021年全国甲卷】D篇15. What is the best title for the text? 标题归纳【2021年全国乙卷】C篇31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 标题归纳【2021年新高

6、考II卷】C篇11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? 标题归纳【2023年1月浙江卷】27What is the text mainly about?文章大意【2022年全国甲卷】C31. What is the text mainly about?文章大意【2021年3月天津卷】C篇56What is the passage mainly about?文章大意【2021年6月浙江卷】C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?文章大意【2023浙江1月高考】 C篇

7、31What can we learn from the last paragraph?文章大意【2023新高考I卷】D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?文章大意【2022新高考I卷】D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?文章大意【2022全国甲卷 D】D32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?文章大意【2021年全国乙卷】B篇24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phone

8、s?文章大意【2021年6月浙江卷】C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?文章大意【2023浙江1月高考】C篇31What can we learn from the last paragraph?段落大意【2023新高考I卷】 D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?段落大意【2022新高考I卷】D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?段落大意【2022全国甲卷】 D32. What is the first paragraph mainly

9、about?段落大意【2021年全国乙卷】B篇24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?段落大意【2021年6月浙江卷】 C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly about? 段落大意 命题点01标题归纳题典例01【2023新高考全国卷B】Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first

10、it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillos students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food an

11、d green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scar

12、ed of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several time

13、s a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now theyre eating differently,” Ja

14、ramillo says.She adds that the programmes benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillos special education students, many of whom h

15、ave emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Rescuing school gardensB.Experiencing country lifeC.Growing vegetable loversD.Changing local landscape典例02【2023年1月浙江卷】DAccording to the Solar Energy Industry Associat

16、ion, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed

17、 near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they havent given much thought to what they put under them. Often, theyll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farmi

18、ng regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural ec

19、onomy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use

20、, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-fri

21、endliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, citiesand now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and c

22、arbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything thats going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.35Which of the following is the best title for the text?APollinators: To Leave or to StayBSolar Energy: Hope for the FutureCInSPIRE: A Leader in Agricultur

23、eDSolar Farms: A New Development典例03【2021年全国乙卷C篇】Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceansbetween 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massi

24、ve sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to reexamine their relationship to singleuse plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10foottall plastic waves, frozen midcrash. Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from sever

25、al volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but theyve recently come under fire because

26、 most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece

27、 from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look

28、like theyd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.31Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AArtists Opinions on Plastic SafetyBMedia Interest in Contemporary ArtCResponsibility

29、Demanded of Big CompaniesDOcean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures命题点02文章大意题典例01【2023年1月浙江卷】B Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experien

30、ced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doin

31、g your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash!

32、 A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom

33、, so I worked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entir

34、ely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what youre doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If y

35、ou have individuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action.27What is the text mainly about?AHow to get on well with other family members.BHow to have ones own personal space at home.CHow to live a

36、zero waste lifestyle in a household.DHow to control the budget when buying groceries.典例02【2020全国新课标II】 Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathemati

37、cs development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amoun

38、t of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzz

39、les performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Hig

40、her-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active duri

41、ng puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24227What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman psychologistDA teaching program.典例03【2020全国新课标III】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at

42、risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-st

43、orey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my

44、 mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”Its hard to

45、tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational fa

46、mily are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Bri

47、tain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.318A. Lifestyles in differ

48、ent countries. B. Conflicts between generations.C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.命题点03 段落大意题典例01 【2023新高考全国卷D】This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors arent always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to

49、 underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors wont cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that peop

50、les estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, peoples errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A.The methods of estimation.B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of peoples errors.D.The design

51、 of Galtons experiment.典例02【2022年新高考全国 卷】.Para 5: Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not fo

52、und in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,

53、but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Pot

54、ential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.典例03【2020年全国卷B篇】The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on te

55、chnology that records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realisticlooking ape.25What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe cost of making “Apes.”BThe creation of digitalized apes.CThe publicity about “Apes.”DThe

56、performance of real apes.一、标题归纳题三大方法定标题1. 最佳标题应具备以下三大特征： 概括-准确而又简短; 针对性-标题外延正好与文章内容相符; 题目-能引发读者的阅读欲望。三大方法： 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨； 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项； 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。二、主旨大意题文章大意题借助各段段落主题句归纳段首；段中；段尾借助文章主题段进行归纳首段（新闻报道、说明文、议论文）；尾段（记叙文、议论文）

57、借助主题词或关键句归纳文中出现频率较高的关键词进行归纳，多为主题词根据位置确定主题句:1. 主题句在文首文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。2. 主题句在文末有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而形成强有力的结论, 要求考生耐心地读完全文。有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。3. 主题句在文中或隐含主题句在段中间或隐含在文中, 让读者很难发现, 这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全文,分清主旨细节,进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或

58、整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论,捕捉与题目有关的信息,从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。三、段落大意题通过结构或暗示概括段落大意1. 根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式2. 通过暗示揣摩段

59、落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。考向01-标题归纳题【2023河北沧州沧州市第二中学校联考三模】The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. This extraordinary tropical jungle is roughly the same size as 48 states in the U. S. The Amazon surrounds the Amazon River and its many

60、 tributaries. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world by volume discharged. It stretches 4, 225 miles from the peaks of the Peruvian Andes to the beautiful beaches of Brazil. Scientists estimate there are 390 billion trees in the Amazon Rainforest, including over 16, 000 species. The Amaz

61、on supports at least 427 mammal species, 3, 000 species of freshwater fish, over 1, 300 species of birds, 378 types of reptiles, and 400 species of amphibians. Notice how we didnt mention any invertebrates (无脊椎动物), like insects and arachnids? Thats because the Amazons gargantuan population of invert

62、ebrate species climbs well into the millions. And that only includes the species weve identified so far! But how does this giant ecosystem support so many diverse organisms? Scientists divide the Amazon into four ecological layers: the forest floor, the understory, the canopy and the overstory. Each

63、 layer plays an important role in the health and survival of the rainforest. The forest floor is where the rainforest finds its humble beginnings. The roots of towering trees grow in thick, low-nutrient soil laid over a layer of volcanic rock. Without deep, rich soil, the forest floors tropical vege

64、tation depends on decomposers (分解物), like bacteria, fungi (真菌) and insects. These essential organisms pull nutrients from dead organic material, like leaves, wood, and animal bodies. Vital for nutrient cycling, vigorous mushrooms, like the scarlet cup and the veiled lady, decorate the forest floor.

65、Some of these fungi can give out light. When the sun sets over the Amazon, these radiant mushrooms light the forest floor like magical nightlights. Very little sunlight penetrates (穿透) the upper layers of the rainforest, so the forest floor remains dark and damp year-round.27Whats the best title for

66、 the text?AThe Secrets of the Amazon RainforestBThe Functions of the Amazon RainforestCThe Evolution History of the Amazon RainforestDThe Importance of Protecting the Amazon Rainforest考向02-文章大意题【江西省八校高三第一次联考】Whether its the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance crea

67、ted by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal with t

68、hem in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do end and that can actually be healthy. However, we havent been taught to carry this expectation into our friend relationships.

69、“Were not looking at our friends through a lens (透镜) of Gosh,I hope this works out, but well do that with a romantic partner for sure,” says Jackson. “ With a partner, we wonder if theyre going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they re the one from the minute we establish that we like each

70、other.”And because we dont view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and yours ended, what did you do wrong?”But that isnt the case.Friend

71、ships, like any relationship, sometimes arent meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest

72、communication that keeps a friendship healthy.“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they dont work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment,” she says.12What is

73、the text mainly about?AHow to regain a friendship that has ended.BThe loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.CWhy friendship breaks up over the course of our lives.DMany relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.考向03-段落大意题【2023届安徽省A10联盟高考最后一卷】When I was a kid, a sycamore (枫树) grew in f

74、ront of my home. At the age of 10, I was just tall enough to reach its lowest branch and lift myself into its embrace. Sometimes two or three of my friends would join me in the sycamore, or in the maple down the street, or Mrs. DiMarcos old peach tree, some of whose stout horizontal branches allowed

75、 us to sit shoulder to shoulder, eating sweet fruit.In my small town there are some kinds of trees, their branches spreading wide, open for business. But I have not yet seen a climber. Perhaps computer games have replaced tree climbing, or maybe the activity went the way of monkey bars, which came t

76、o be viewed as too risky and have largely disappeared from playgrounds.It is a sad loss. I have always believed that, since low-hanging branches provide no benefit to the tree, they must be meant for the child. Robert Frost understood this when he wrote:When I see baches (桦树) bend to left and right,

77、Across the lines of straighter darker trees,I like to think some boys been swinging them.My only disagreement with Frost is his inference that tree climbing is a gender-specific task. Both boys and girls make a joyful climb.The campus of the university where I teach has all sorts of trees. During a

78、recent walk, I found myself bending under the branch of an immense spruce (云杉). I grabbed the thing, and a moment later was sitting on a branch. Then the memories came flooding back. The old sycamore, the friends, and finally, the reluctance to return to earth when the parental call to supper came.I

79、 was so lost in my thoughts that I didnt hear the student calling to me from below. He asked what I was doing. I didnt waste time on explanations. “Come on up,” I said “The airs fine.” But he only laughed and waved me off. He didnt know what he was missing.5What is the second paragraph mainly about?

80、AWhy kids dont climb trees.BWhy monkey bars are dangerous.CWhy there is no business under trees.DWhy kids are addicted to computer games.主旨大意题三大易错陷阱【易错点易错陷阱一】 标题归纳易错陷阱【浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题】The scientists job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as

81、 the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of wha

82、t it is about human beings brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve t

83、hem. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid

84、and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”.ong as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, were only going to make limited pro gress

85、on these questions,” Allen said.What is a suitable title for the text?A Who Are The Mystery-solversBScientists Are Not Born But MadeCGreat Mystery: What Makes A ScientistDSolving Mysteries: Inside A Scientists Mind【易错点易错陷阱二】 文章大意易错陷阱【江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题】New bio-plastics are being made in laborator

86、ies from straw, wood chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the worlds plastic.The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the bio-plastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossi

87、l fuel-based plastics.Land and seas around the world, from high mountains to deep oceans, have become polluted with plastic, prompting major public concern. The world has produced 8bn tons of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.While some waste plastic is recycled, much of it is burnt

88、 to produce electricity, resulting in carbon emissions that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil, plastics made from plant-based materials only release the carbon the plants absorbed from the air as they grew. Bio-plastics will also give more options for products that biodegrad

89、e (生物降解) in the environment, although they can be made very long-lasting if required.“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO of Biome Technologies in the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years on bio-plastics research. “But we cant go on using fossil

90、 fuel-based materials. About 6-7% of every barrel (桶) of oil is used to make plastics.”“Using plant materials is feasible,” said professor Simon, at the University of York. “Replacing half of the nations plastic bottles could be done using just 3% of the sugar beet crop, 5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of

91、 food waste,” he said.Currently, just a few thousand tons of bio-plastic are used in the UK each year, compared to millions of tons of conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20,000 tons in the next five years.What is the main idea of the passage?APlastics arc necessary in daily li

92、fe. BOil is the source of the worlds plastic.CBioplastic making is a promising industry.DScientists are researching bioplastic making.【易错点易错陷阱三】 段落大意易错陷阱【江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题】As a kid growing up in a suburb of London. I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad co

93、uld be persuaded to drive to new parks. Wed have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Doritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them.The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager anticipation. Where once I was excited b

94、y the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that Im more appreciative of each benchs quiet stoicism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing to wait out their turn in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitu

95、de (独处) and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city. Part of my obsession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe thats the greatest power of the p

96、ark bench: its capacity encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new narratives and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the benchs wrought iron. On other nearby benches, babies are

97、being burped. Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it . .Which aspect of park benches does paragraph 3 focus on?ADesign.BHistory.CLocation.DPower.（2023上江苏盐城高二盐城市大丰区新丰中学校联考期中）In the US only about 3% of early childhood teachers are male. Experts say this may have a great influence on y

98、oung children whose understanding of gender roles and identity is rapidly forming. Research has found that getting access to different teachers is of benefit to children. This means the youngest learners are more likely to be exposed to a wide variety of games and communication. It can also help the

99、m develop healthy ideas about gender.“In our society and world, we tend to have very specific stereotypes (刻板印象) of gender roles,” said Mindi Reich-Shapiro, an assistant professor in the Borough of Manhattan Community College, and one of the authors of a recent study. “Its necessary for the kids to

100、see other possibilities and paths they can choose.”Although they largely felt supported by colleagues and families, many male teachers surveyed stated that in their career as early education teachers, they did face social and cultural resistance. Some even noted that the parents were surprised or co

101、ncerned when they found a male teacher with their kids. Moreover, the male teachers were sometimes advised not to hug children.Reich-Shapiro and other researchers have made some suggestions to increase the number of male early education teachers. Low wages have long been considered as a major proble

102、m in this field. More than 70% of male teachers said they intended to stay in the early education workforce, and pointed out that the major motivator for their commitment to their long-term career was an increased salary. Thus, the report recommended that all preschool educators be paid as much as t

103、he primary school teachers. The government should establish support groups and provide guidance and professional advice for male early education educators.Reich-Shapiro said that traditional recruitment methods for early childhood teachers could not handle the gender gap in the field. He suggests pr

104、oviding young individuals with opportunities to stay and work with children either through training or voluntary programs, targeting groups of men who are considering changing their jobs, such as fathers and fathers-to-be.17How is the early childhood education in the US?AIt neglects gender roles.BIt

105、 lacks male teachers.CIt influences kids understanding.DIt exposes kids to adventures.18What is learned about the male teachers in the study?AThey find it awkward to hug children.BThey fail to meet the parents expectations.CThey cant keep up with female colleagues.DThey feel distrusted socially and

106、culturally.19What is important for men to be committed to early childhood education?AHigher pay.BJob security.CSocial recognition.DBetter workplace.20What can be the best title for the passage?AEarly education: a specific targetBEarly education: a challenging fieldCMale preschool teachers: a vital n

107、ecessityDMale preschool teachers: a potential career（2023上云南高三校联考阶段练习）“How much privacy can a photo show?” This topic has been discussed on Sina Weibo recently, causing concerns about privacy awareness.In group chats, some people may post their original photos. But that may give away your home addre

108、ss and other information. Images often contain a lot of information and various traces left by digital cameras or photo processing software.This data, called Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF), is a key tool for many professionals. It can detail whether the photographer used a flash, which digita

109、l effects were applied to a picture and when the photo was taken. EXIF can also contain the precise GPS coordinates (坐标) of the location where a photo was taken, according to CNN.If you take a landscape picture from your window and send the original picture to a group chat, it means that you are rel

110、easing your location data to all strangers in the group. They may even accurately infer your house number by analyzing the shooting time and angle.Not just in a group chat, sending an image in a text message, email, or other delivery tools will also include the accompanying information. So how do we

111、 protect our privacy when sending photos?The most effective way is to avoid sending original photos in group chats. If its necessary, try not to tap the “original picture”. However, photos sent by WeChat Moments are automatically compressed (压缩) by the system, and they travel without location and ot

112、her information, according to the WeChat team.To tackle the problem at its root, we can delete and remove a pictures EXIF data on a computer. If you are using an IOS smartphone, you can turn off location services for the camera in the privacy settings. If youre using an Android, the settings vary. T

113、ypically, you can go to the setting menu and switch the services off for the camera, according to CTV News.There is one more thing you can do photoshop your photos before you share them. What comes with your edited images is photos without stored location data.21Which of the information can not be t

114、racked by EXIF?AThe time when the photo was taken.BThe digital effects that were applied to a photo.CThe place where you are viewing the photo.DThe GPS coordinates of the location where a photo was taken.22What would happen if you send your original photos in delivery tools?AThe photos wont reveal y

115、our location data.BThe accompanying information will be deleted.CYour personal information will be revealed.DThe photos you are uploading will not be compressed.23How to protect our privacy when sharing photos?APhotoshop the photos before sharing.BSend out the EXIF data on the computer.C Switch off

116、location services for the camera.DCompressed the photos before sharing.Aabc.Bacd.Cbed.Dabed.24What would be the best title for the text?APrivacy Protection in Photo SharingBWays to Raise Privacy AwarenessCHow Does EXIF Work in Photo SharingDThe Importance of Location Services for the Camera（2023河北沧州

117、沧州市第二中学校联考三模）From ordering food to buying a new book to making a charitable donation, more and more decisions that used to be made on paper are now being made on digital devices like tablets, phones, and computers. And this trend towards digitalization has many advantages, in particular when it come

118、s to efficiency and sustainability but could it also be negatively influencing how we make decisions? We conducted a series of studies with more than 2, 500 participants across the U. S. and China to explore the impact of the medium you use to make a decision, with a particular focus on decisions wi

119、th some sort of moral component, such as whether or not to make a donation to a charity, or whether to choose a healthy or unhealthy entre (主菜) at a restaurant. We asked the participants to make a variety of these sorts of choices using either a paper form or a digital tablet, and despite controllin

120、g for all other variables (变量) , we consistently found that people who used paper made more moral decisions than those who used a digital device: For example, participants who read their choices and made a selection on paper were significantly more likely to give money to charity, choose a healthy e

121、ntree, and opt for an educational book rather than something more entertaining. Why might this be? Our research suggests that the key mechanism driving this effect is how “real” the decision feels. We asked participants in two of our studies to describe how real a decision felt, as well as the exten

122、t to which they believed the decision as representing who they were as people, and they consistently indicated that making a choice on paper felt more real and representative than making the same decision on a digital device. It may seem like a minor detail, but our research shows that the medium wi

123、th which your customers, employees, or community members make a decision can have a major impact on the choices they make. This has implications (暗示) for marketers, policymakers, and anyone seeking to encourage any sort of virtuous behaviour. For example, to encourage customers to choose healthier o

124、ptions, restaurants might consider opting for paper rather than digital menus. Similarly, parents and educators might opt to provide students with paper rather than online book order forms, to increase the chances that theyll choose educational reading materials.25What do we know about the studies?A

125、The participants are all from America.BThe participants are divided into three groups.CThe studies pay special attention to decisions with moral component.DThe studies prove the efficiency and availability of the digital device.26What main mechanism is responsible for this effect mentioned in the te

126、xt?AThe awareness of environmental protection.BPeoples objection to trend towards digitalization.CThe real feeling caused by making decisions on paper.DPeoples care about their identity when making decisions on paper.27What can we infer about the research finding from the last paragraph?AIt has prac

127、tical value.BIt needs improvement.CIt can stand the test of time.DIt makes sense in every situation.28Whats the main idea of the text?APen and paper will never be replaced.BWe encourage everyone to make a responsible choice.CWe make more moral choices when using pen and paper.DEducational reading ma

128、terials should be provided in the form of paper.（2023上辽宁铁岭高三校联考期中）It is reported that about 14 percent of Americans aged over 12 have trouble in hearing. And hearing loss increases dramatically to 50 percent or more for those aged over 70. It often comes on so gradually that many ignore it. Only an

129、estimated 15 to 25 percent of adults would use hearing aids, and the use is lowest among people who have less access to health care. However, recent research has revealed that even mild or moderate hearing loss in older adults is associated with cognitive (认知的) decline. Older adults with hearing los

130、s are more likely to develop dementia (痴呆), and the likelihood increases with the severity of the loss. In July, Frank R. Lin, a professor from Johns Hopkins University, presented results from a first-of-its-kind randomized clinical trial. Participants are 977 adults aged between 70 and 84, includin

131、g those who have more risk factors for developing dementia and those who are relatively healthy. They received best-practice hearing care, including hearing aids. Three years later, hearing aids did make a difference to the participants in cognitive decline. Especially for those who were at the high

132、er risk for dementia, a 48 percent cut in risk of cognitive decline could be made if they got hearing aids. When hearing loss is untreated, the brains organization changes, says Anu Sharma, an auditory neuroscientist of the University of Colorado Boulder. In adults with mild hearing loss, studies sh

133、ow a decrease in gray matter (灰质) in brain. Sharma found early signs that vision and touch areas of the brain cover and change underused hearing areas. Adults with hearing loss also show more activity in working memory areas. They need to make extra efforts just to listen, Sharma says, which may exh

134、aust cognitive reserves. Hearing loss is also associated with more falls, higher health-care costs, and increased loneliness and social isolation. “Hearing is fundamental to healthy aging,” says Nicholas Reed, who worked with Frank R. Lin on the cognitive-decline study.29What can we learn from the f

135、igures in the first paragraph?AAmericans pay special attention to their hearing.BAmericans are unaware of danger of hearing loss.CMany Americans with hearing loss stay untreated.DMost Americans are suffering serious hearing loss.30What did Frank R. Lins clinical trial reveal?AHearing aids helped red

136、uce cognitive decline.BHearing aids worked on healthy people.CCognitive decline could result in hearing loss.DCognitive decline was unrelated to age.31What is paragraph 4 centred on?AWhat sign will appear before losing hearing.BHow hearing loss impacts cognitive decline.CWhy hearing loss is left unt

137、reated by people.DHow our brain discourages cognitive decline.32Which can be the best title for the text?AHearing lossa new factor connected with dementiaBCognitive decline, caused by more than hearing lossCDementiaan incurable but preventable diseaseDHearing loss, having limited access to healthcar

138、e（2023上山东青岛高三统考期中）Whether or not artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to outperform human intelligence and how soon that could happenis a common question fueled by descriptions of AI in popular culture. Key to this comparison is a clear understanding of “intelligence.”One common definition desc

139、ribes as the ability of someone or something to achieve goals in a wide variety of environments. We can compare how well computers and humans are able to meet this definition.Computers start with many advantages. They have better memories, they can quickly gather information from numerous digital so

140、urces, they can work continuously without the need for sleep, they dont make mathematical errors, and they are better at multitasking and thinking several steps ahead than humans. This makes them superior to humans at achieving some goals, such as calculating complex mathematical problems or sorting

141、 through large amounts of data. However, most AI systems are specialized for very specific applications.Humans, on the other hand, can use imagination and intuition (直觉) when approaching new tasks in new situations. This makes humans more readily able to apply their intelligence to a variety of envi

142、ronments, such as walking along unfamiliar trails. This is something machines often struggle with.Intelligence can also be defined in other ways, such as the possession of a group of advantages, including the ability to reason, represent knowledge, plan, learn, and communicate. Many AI systems posse

143、ss some of these traits, but no system has yet acquired them all.As AI systems grow more sophisticated, they may become better at translating capabilities to different situations the way humans can. Theoretically, this could result in artificial intelligence that transcends human intelligence. The t

144、erm “singularity” is sometimes used to describe a situation in which an AI system develops agency and grows beyond human ability to control it. So far, experts continue to debate whenand whetherthis is likely to occur.33The author introduces the definitions of intelligence to _.Abring in the topicBh

145、elp explain the issueCchange the understanding of AIDcorrect peoples wrong view of intelligence34In which aspect are humans superior to computers?ACollecting and memorizing data.BHandling many tasks at the same time.CDealing with new problems flexibly.DCreating new tasks in various situations.35How

146、does the author develop this passage?ABy giving examples.BBy making comparisons.CBy quoting experts opinions.DBy presenting research findings.36Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?AAI Era Causes Concerns about IntelligenceBDefinition of Intelligence Varies in Many WaysCWill Machi

147、nes Become More Intelligent Than Humans?DCan Human Beings Control Artificial Intelligence Forever?（2023上江苏无锡高三统考期中）Are you good at interpreting other peoples emotions? Then theres a good chance that youre also good at understanding what animals try to say.A new Danish-Swiss study published in the op

148、en journal Royal Society Open Science indicates that empathetic (能共情的) people are also good at decoding (解读) animal sounds. Other factors also improve your chance of communicating with animals you are more likely to be animal-empathetic if you also work with animals, and the ability seems to peak in

149、 those aged 20-29 years old, according to the scientists.“Our results show that, based on animal sounds, people are able to tell whether an animal is agitated (焦虑不安的) or not and whether the animal expresses positive or negative emotions,” says behavioural biologist Elodie Briefer from the University

150、 of Copenhagens Faculty of Science. “This is true in connection with a number of different mammals. We can also see that our ability to interpret the sounds depends on factors such as age, first-hand knowledge of animals, and not least how empathetic we are towards other people.”The study was based

151、on answers from 1024 people across 48 countries. They were introduced to sounds from six mammals: goats, cattle, domesticated horses, Asian wild horses, pigs, and wild boars. The sounds from the six animals were played to the studys respondents together with sounds of human nonsense (胡言乱语) produced

152、by actors. Afterwards, the participants had to guess whether the sounds expressed a high or low level of agitation, and if the emotions were positive or negative. Following the test, the participants were asked to take an empathy test that measured their empathy towards human beings. “It is a convin

153、cing test which measures empathy towards other people,” Elodie Briefer explains. “And we saw a clear connection with the ability to interpret animal sounds.”37How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?ABy stating opinions.BBy quoting a saying.CBy giving an example.DBy asking a question.

154、38Who might be best at understanding animal emotions based on the study?AA 15-year-old hard-working student.BA 25-year-old caring animal raiser.CA29-year-old experienced hunter.DA 30-year-old friendly teacher.39What does Elodie Briefer think of the test involved?ADoubtful.BReliable.CIneffective.DDis

155、appointing.40What can be a suitable title for the text?AHuman empathy extends to animalsBEmotion interpretation helps animalsCSound interpretation depends on agesDEmotion expression protects animals（2023上山东高三山东省实验中学校考期中）For teenagers, is a sense of comfort more commonly found in sports or arts? And

156、how might this relate to their reported depressive symptoms? A new research published by the American Psychological Association suggests that teenagers participating in after-school art activities like music, drama, and painting are more likely to report depressive symptoms than their non-participat

157、ing peers. “This is not to say that depression is a necessary condition for either a teen or an adult to become an artist, nor are we showing that participating in the arts leads to mental illness,” said lead author Laura N. Young. MAof Boston College. “However, previous research has revealed higher

158、 rates of mental illness symptoms in adult artists. We were interested in whether this association is present earlier in development.”Interestingly, teens who engaged exclusively in sports and didnt involve themselves in any other extracurricular activities were reported the least depressive symptom

159、s. The researchers found no significant difference in depressive symptoms between teens involved in the arts who also did sports and those who didnt, suggesting that arts participation, rather than a lack of sports participation, was associated with depression. The researchers used data from the U.

160、S. Survey of Youth collected from 2, 482 students 15 to 16 years old. The survey asked teens about their frequency of participation in arts or sports activities after school, and their experience of various moods or problems related to depression. One theory the researchers proposed for the seeming

161、link between the arts and mental illness symptoms is that people attracted to the arts might possess certain cognitive (认知的) qualities, such as absorbing a higher level of information from their surroundings. This could lead to general unhappiness and depression, yet also enhance creativity and arti

162、stic expression. The authors suggested that personality qualities linked to depression, like introversion (内向), might guide teens towards more individual activities like the arts. “When positive behaviors such as being involved in the arts are associated with symptoms of mental illness, its essentia

163、l that we understand why,” said Young. “Further research can address the question of whether possible psychological shortcomings can be transformed into benefits through the practice of the arts.”41What can we learn from the research findings?AArt activities directly lead to teen mental illness.BArt

164、 participation can be related to teen depression.CSports are likely to increase depression rates in teens.DBeing depressed is necessary to become an artist later.42Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word “exclusively” in Paragraph 3?AonlyBrarelyCregularlyDdiversely43What is Paragraph

165、5 of the text mainly about?AThe overall framework of the research projectBThe direct cause of the observed phenomenon.CThe theoretical basis of the possible connection.DThe methods applied in conducting the research.44According to Young, what should follow-up researches focus on?AHow to reduce depre

166、ssive symptoms through sports.BHow to identify the positive impacts of the association.CHow to prove the link between creativity and depression.DHow to turn potential mental weaknesses into strengths.（2023上云南昆明高三统考期中）Most old, disused airports are usually torn down to make way for shiny new developm

167、ents, although at huge cost, but not Tegel airport, in Berlin, Germany. The deserted 580 acres will be turned into an eco-friendly living neighborhood land, in Tegel Project that officials hope will become the blueprint for future disused airports.After the airport was closed down a number of years

168、ago, following the building of a newer and modern version nearby, developers began dreaming up the ambitious 5 million square meter Tegel Project. Those behind the project hope it will address housing shortages, pollution and other ban living problems. It will provide at least 5,000 homes for more t

169、han 10,000 people.The entire project is all about being energy-efficient: vertical gardens (垂直花园) on apartment blocks, which is one way to keep buildings cool without costly air conditioning. Every rooftop is also going to be fitted with solar panels which will provide electricity. Sponge City techn

170、ology, such as rain gardens, will help the city absorb as much water as possible.Although turning an airport into a neighborhood isnt common, its not the first time its happened. When Denvers main airport moved to a new location, developers made the most out of the old airport and converted the spac

171、e into a residential community with important locations like hospitals, schools, and supermarkets easily reached on foot.Next to the new development in Germanys former Tegel airport will be a commercial zone. The Urban Technology Republic is aimed at tech companies that will be encouraged to open of

172、fices in the development, as well as a large city park that will stretch across half of the urban tech space. There will also be a campus for the Berliner Hochschule fur Technik University. Construction is due to begin in 2023, with the first areas opening by 2027.45Why did developers come up with T

173、egel Project?ATo make room for city gardens.BTo help solve rural living problems.CTo reuse Tegel airport in a green way.DTo set a good example for future cities.46What can we infer from the text?ATegel Project has proven costly.BVertical gardens are built on the rooftop.CA city park will be the cent

174、er of the Tegel airport.DThe practice of using old airport has been tried before.47What does the underlined word “converted” in Paragraph 4 mean?ATransformed.BCarried.CSlid.DDivided.48What is the suitable title for the text?ALess Is MoreBTrash Can Be TreasureCTechnology Makes a DifferenceDHuman and

175、Nature Live in Peace（2023上云南昆明高三统考期中）A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young Chinese are abandoning consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-consumerism concepts.According to a survey by JDcom, nearly 50% of respondents would use all mea

176、ns to save money and more than 30% plan to become deal-hunters to fit in their budgets. More than 80% of Generation Z Chinese spend less than 5,000 yuan ($737) a month. When shopping, they care the most about practicability, personal preference and price, instead of brands, popularity and brand spok

177、esmen.And more than 600,000 users have joined a group named Frenzied Money Savers on Douban, a popular social media platform, where members share sometimes extreme ideas, tips, books and everything to save hard-earned money. For instance, some recommended uninstalling shopping apps such as Taobao, M

178、eituan and Pinduoduo and installing it each time you really need to buy something so as to hold back the urge to spend. And milk tea, coffee and takeouts are strongly opposed by many.Chinese have long established and valued the saving culture with the countrys household savings rate leading the worl

179、d. Young Chinese who are born in a relatively prosperous and abundant society have learned to get rid of the addiction to consumerism and use money in a more sensible and wiser way, which could help create a more healthy and upbeat social vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages to t

180、he environment caused by over consumption.Just as the American writer Theodore Thornton said, the habit of saving is itself an education. Yet saving is certainly not the final goal, but spending money where it truly deserves helps realize ones life objectives. To save and spend wisely are lessons yo

181、ung people all over the world have to learn.49Why are more and more young Chinese becoming benny-wise?AThey tend to accept consumerism.BThey spend money without hesitation.CThey are shaped by multiple cultures.DThey are in favor of economical life.50What may Generation Z Chinese tare the most when s

182、hopping?ABudgets and service.BPracticability and price.CPersonal preference and brands.DShopping apps and platforms.51What message does the author want to convey in Paragraph 4?AAnti-consumerism is beneficial to social progress.BSaving money can be many peoples life objective.CMany social issues mai

183、nly result from consumerism.DYoung Chinese are lucky to be born in a prosperous society.52What is the text mainly about?AThere is no increasing need for consumerism.BOld virtue of being frugal is still not outdated.CTips on saving money are important for the young.DConsumerism has an impact on econo

184、mic development.（2023上云南昆明高二云南师大附中校联考期中）In 1931, Americans were suffering through the Great Depression. It was The Good Earth by Pearl Buck that brought comfort, the top-selling book that year.Born into a religious workers family in 1892, Pearl Buck left the United States and moved to China with her

185、 parents. Her education began at home with her mother teaching her American school things while a Chinese tutor taught her other subjects, including writings of Confucius. In 1910, she went back to America to study philosophy. After graduation, she returned to China and married John Lossing Buck, an

186、 agriculture expert, eventually settling down in a small village in the north of China.Had it not been for their first child Carol, who had an unusual disease causing her to have trouble learning, Pearl Buck might never have become a famous writer. The reason was money. She needed it to pay for her

187、daughters care. She recalled why she chose China and its people as the subjects, “If none of you want to write these wonderful farmers. I will write about them. So, I wrote The Good Earth.”The Good Earth tells the story of a poor Chinese man named Wang Lung and his wife O-Lan. It recounts how they w

188、ork hard and finally make enough money to purchase some land for a farm. They stick to the land even in times of starvation, themselves begging on the streets. Experiencing ups and downs, Wang finds happiness in owning land and raising crops. He even forbids his sons to sell the land after his death

189、.Pearl Buck told her China stories with honesty and Americans were impressed by the new images of the Chinese totally different from those in Hollywood movies. The book earned Pearl Buck the Pulitzer Prize and was later adapted into an Oscar-winning movie. In 1938, she became the first American woma

190、n to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.53How did Pearl Buck benefit from her education?AShe thought the best education lay in home.BShe highly appreciated education in the countryside.CShe preferred Chinese education to Western education.DShe gained a lot from a combination of different style

191、s of education.54Why did Pearl Buck decide to write books?ASome Chinese advised her to do it.BShe was in desperate need of money.CShe couldnt bear the boring rural life.DShe desired a good education for her kid.55What can we infer from Paragraph 4?AGood fortune always favors the characters.BOwning l

192、and is the lifeline for Chinese farmers.CChinese farmers lead a terribly miserable life.DThe characters make a fortune by buying and selling land.56What is the text mainly about?AThe moral values of The Good Earth.BThe fighting spirit of Chinese farmers.CA woman writers sacrifice to save her ill chi

193、ld.DA womans great China-themed literary achievements.（2023上江苏泰州高三姜堰中学校考期中）Researchers have claimed a major step forward in the field of organ transplantation after a monkey survived for more than two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.Scientists have spent decades working out whether an

194、imal organs could ever work properly and safely in humans without them being rejected by the patients immune system, but the challenges have proved immense.For the latest trial, researchers used a gene-editing tool called Crispr to alter genes in Yucatan miniature pigs before transplanting their kid

195、neys into macaques (猕猴). The modifications altered genes to prevent organ rejection and remove pig viruses that could potentially be activated in recipients.Writing in the journal Nature, the scientists describe how 21 monkeys got on after their kidneys were removed and a single genetically modified

196、 pig kidney was implanted. Monkeys typically survived no more than 24 days when the kidneys were edited to disable three genes that triggered immune rejection. But when the scientists added seven human genes that reduce blood clotting (结块), inflammation and other immune reactions, the monkeys surviv

197、ed seven times longer, typically for 176 days. When combined with treatment to restrain the immune system, the researchers report that one monkey survived for more than two years 758 days with the transplanted organ.Curtis, the chief executive of eGenesis, said the long-term survival of at least som

198、e of the monkeys had put eGenesis on course to satisfy the US Food and Drug Administration requirement to see at least 12 months survival in animals before the team can launch a clinical trial in humans. “We are well on our way there,” Curtis said. “There simply arent enough kidneys to go around. In

199、 our opinion its the only near-term practicable solution.”The team uses Yucatan miniature pigs as donors because at maturity their kidneys are roughly the same size of those in the adult human. In the monkey trial, the kidneys were transplanted at two to three months when the organs were much smalle

200、r.Prof Tatsuo Kawai, an author on the study at Harvard Medical School, said the scientists expected the modified pig organs to perform better in humans than monkeys because “they are a better match”.57What do researchers do with the Yucatan miniature pigs?AThey altered their immune systems.BThey cha

201、nged their genes to prevent rejection.CThey used them to produce a gene-editing tool.DThey transplanted their kidneys into human beings.58Which of the following statements is true?AThe 21 monkeys were implanted with a healthy pig kidney.BThe monkeys usually survived less than 24 days previously.CRes

202、earchers removed three genes causing immune rejections from the kidneys.DMonkeys can survive much longer if their genes are modified property.59Whats Curtis attitude towards the result of the experiment?ADissatisfied.BDoubtful.CContent.DIndifferent.60Whats the main idea of the passage?AMonkey surviv

203、es for over two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.BA big breakthrough has been made in the field of organ transplantation.CAnimal organs can work in an effective way in the bodies of human beings.DIts high time to make some adjustments to human immune system.（2023上江西宜春高三江西省丰城中学校考期中）When

204、 it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States, Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself：“I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.” No one could h

205、ave had a more active old age.She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. At 12 she left home and was in domestic service until at 27 she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New Yo

206、rk State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927.Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery (刺绣) pictures as a hobby, but only changed to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff (僵硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep bu

207、sy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought all that she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited (展览) in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1

208、930s and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful sense of color and form. “I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it,” she said.96What does Paragraph 2 mainly tal

209、k about?AAn introduction to Mosess life.BMoses and her childhood.CMoses and her children.DAn introduction to Mosess marriage.97What did Grandma Moses spend most of her life doing?AEmbroidering.BFarmingCNursing.DPainting.98The underlined word “portrayals” in the last paragraph means _.AdirectionsBstagesCsurveysDDescriptions99Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AGrandma Moses and Her ExhibitionBGrandma Moses: A Woman Pioneer of 20th CenturyCGrandma Moses and Her PicturesDGrandma Moses: The Best Painter of 20th Century