专题13 人与环境-2024年高考英语一轮复习主题词汇.docx

1、话题十三 人与环境第一部分 话题词汇积累单词&短语1.temporary adj._2. tendency n._3.tender adj._4. tension n._5. terror n._6. territory n._7.terminal n._ adj._8.theoretical adj._9.thorough adj._10.thriller n._11. thunder n._12.tightly adv._13.tissue n._14.soil n._15. consumption n._16.atmosphere n._17.agriculture n._18.towe

2、l n._19.tap n._20.tease v._21.thermos n._22.tolerate v._23.undertake v._24._adj.有天资的；有才能的；多才的；有本领的25._adj.美味的；高雅的；有趣的；可口的26._n.体温；温度；气温；发烧27._v.趋向，倾向于;照料，照顾28._adv.非常；可怕地；极度地29._adj.艰苦的；顽强的；坚强的，不屈不挠的；坚韧的，牢固的；强壮的，结实的30._n.主题；题目；主旋律31._adv.因此；所以32._adj.渴的，口干的；渴望的，热望的33._n.威胁；恐吓34._n.喉咙；嗓子，嗓音；窄路35._pre

3、p.遍及；自始至终adv.到处36._-_-_v.抛；扔；投；掷；举行(派对)37._adj.整齐的；相当大的v.整理；收拾；弄整齐38._adj.令人厌倦的；烦人的，无聊的；令人讨厌的39._n.标题；书名；冠军；头衔；权利；字幕v.加标题；赋予头衔；把称为40._n.技术；工艺；术语41.at one time_42.for the time being_43.立即；马上(time)_44.随时；总是(time)_45.at no time_46.把拴到_47.投身于；积极从事_48.把看作(think)_49._对高度评价(think)_50.首先再者_51.从那时起_52.感谢某人所做

4、的事_53.与关系很好_54.从长远/眼前看_55.tell.apart/tell.from._56.把信撕成碎片_57.说服某人做(不做)某事_58.母语_59.be tired of the urban/city life_60. treat sb.to dinner._61._国际关系62._外交事务63._环保的64.at home and abroad_65. with the arrival of globalization of economy_66.develop renewable resources_67.deal with rubbish properly_68.impr

5、ove ones living conditions_69.achieve the highest growth_70.intercultural communication_词汇拓展1.tend v.往往会；常常就；趋向；走向；倾向；趋于；照料；照管It_to get very cold here in the winter.这里冬天往往会很冷。Prices have_downwards over recent years.近年来物价趋于下降。For years he_her in her painful illness.多年来她一直受到病痛的折磨，都是他在照料。【辨析】tend,atten

6、d区别tend指照看人、动物或事物(用于此义时有过时之嫌),通常后接介词to。attend尤指照顾病人、处理伤口等，强调具有专业技能和责任心，常用被动语态。The shepherd is tending to his sheep.牧羊人在看管他的羊群。Their wounds had been attended before the men were brought here.伤员在送来这里之前，伤口已得到了处理。2.tough adj.艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的；严厉的；强硬的；无情的；坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚韧不拔的Dont be too_on himhe was only tryin

7、g to help.别对他要求过严，他只是想帮忙。I think moms show_love because they expect a lot out of us!我认为妈妈们都望子成龙，所以才展现出严厉的爱。He seems to be the_of all the children.他似乎是所有孩子中最结实的。This meat is_.这肉吃不动。Its_finding a job these days.近来很难找到工作。活学活用一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.John mentioned several judges names,_he

8、didnt think highly of.2.He picked up the sheets of paper, and balled them_(tight)in his fists.3.You should take out travel insurance covering you and your family_theft.4.Nuo is an ancient culture form which_(title)asfossil of Chinese drama.5.Thank you for_(write)and allowing me to clarify the presen

9、t position.二、翻译句子1. Another temporary discount may not be what you want,but at least it is a bird in the hand._2.我好久没有看她，一来路太远，二来没工夫。(for one thing.;for another.)_3.任我们怎样劝说，他也不听。(persuade)_4.我喜欢城市，但厌倦那里的噪音和空气污染。(get tired of)_参考答案单词&短语1.暂时的；临时的 2.趋势；倾向 3.和善的；软的 4.拉伸；紧张程度 5.惊恐；恐惧 6.领土；版图 7.n.航站楼adj.最

10、终的 8.理论上的 9.完全的；彻底的 10.惊险(恐怖)小说/电影 11.n.雷声v.打雷 12.紧紧地 13.组织；面巾纸 14.土壤 15.消费；消费量 16.空气；大气层；氛围 17.农业 18.毛巾 19.n.塞子；龙头v.轻拍20.取笑；戏弄 21.热水瓶 22.容忍；忍受 23.承担24.talented 25.tasty 26.temperature 27.tend 28.terribly29.tough 30.theme 31.therefore 32.thirsty 33.threat34.throat 35.throughout 36.throwthrewthrown37

11、.tidy 38.tiresome 39.title 40.technology41.曾经；一度 42.暂时；眼下 43.in no time 44.at all times 45.在任何时候都不 46.tie.to 47.throw one-self into 48.think of.as. 49.think highly of 50.for one thing.;for another(thing). 51.from then on 52.thank sb. for doing sth. 53. be on good terms with 54.in the long/short term

12、(run) 55.把区分开56.tear the letter into/to pieces 57.persuade/talk sb. in-to sth.;persuade/talk sb. out of(doing)sth. 58.mother/native tongue/language 59.厌倦了城市生活 60.请某人吃饭 61.international relations 62.diplomatic affairs63.environment-friendly 64.国内外 65.经济全球化的到来 66.发展可再生能源 67.正确处理垃圾 68.改善某人的生活条件 69.实现最大

13、化发展 70.跨文化交流词汇拓展1.tends;tended;tended2.tough;tough;toughest;tough;tough活学活用一、1.whom/who2. tightly 3. against 4. is titled 5.writing二、1.再一次临时打折可能达不到你所希望的，但至少这是已经到手的东西。2.I havent been to see her for a long time now. For one thing,she lives too far away;for another, Ive been rather busy.3.No matter how

14、 hard we tried to persuade him,he wouldnt listen.4.I love cities,but get tired of the noise and air pollution there.第二部分 话题阅读训练（A）语法填空The United States set up the worlds first national park system in 1916. Since then, it(1)(serve) as a model for other countries that try to protect the environment be

15、tter and let people enjoy nature.A national park is a reserve (保护区) of land(2)(own) by the government and protected from human development and pollution. Now China is planning its own national park system. On Dec 5,China passed two plans for national parks(3)(protect) the giant panda, Siberian tiger

16、 and Amur leopard.But national parks are not only for animals. In mid-2015,China started to build national parks in nine provinces.(4)most famous one is the Sanjiangyuan national park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It aims to protect Chinas water source. Sanjiangyuan, or Source of Three Rivers, is(5)

17、the Yellow, Yangtze, and Lancang rivers start.Before this national park project,China had set aside thousands of nature parks, forests and scenic areas as protected areas.(6), they havent been managed well because too many different organizations have been involved(7)the protection of different area

18、s. Under the new plan, national parks will cover big areas and include different protected areas.For example, the habitats of wild pandas lie in different provinces and(8)(divide) into even smaller pieces by railways, roads and power lines. This makes isolated panda groups more open to(9)(dangerous)

19、. The panda national park will cover all the habitats and make the protection of animals as comprehensive as possible.But this increased protection doesnt mean national parks will shut their doors to humans. Instead, the new system will offer people a chance to(10)(deep) feel nature.【小题1】has been se

20、rving/has served【小题2】owned【小题3】to protect【小题4】The【小题5】where【小题6】However【小题7】in【小题8】are divided【小题9】danger【小题10】deeply【知识点】副词修饰动词、其他副词、一般现在时的被动语态、动词的-ed形式作定语、必备短语、必备词汇、不可数名词、不定式作目的状语、动词的-ed形式表示被动意义、不定式的一般式、副词修饰整个句子、代词作主语时的主谓一致、现在完成进行时、现在完成时、名词作主语时的主谓一致、人与环境、说明文、连接副词where引导表语从句、定冠词、in的用法【解析】1.依据时间状语si

21、nce then可知，本句用现在完成时，强调从过去到现在；本句也可以用现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，故填has been serving/has served。2.本句已有谓语动词is，所以设空处用非谓语形式；而land和own是逻辑动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式表示被动。故填owned。3.句意：在12月5日，为了保护大熊猫、东北虎和东北豹，中国通过了两项国家公园的计划预案。此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故填to protect。4.句意：其中最著名的是青海西藏高原的三江源国家公园。最高级most famous前面用定冠词the。故填The。5.where引导表语从句，where在从句中做地点

22、状语，意思是“那里，的地方”。故填where。6.句意：然而，它们没有得到很好的管理。此处是转折关系，且有逗号。故填However。7.句意：因为太多的不同组织参与了不同领域的保护。be involved in是固定搭配，意思是卷入，参与。故填in。8.句意：野生熊猫的栖息地位于不同的省份，并通过铁路、公路和电力线分成更小的部分。此处用一般现在时表示现在的状况；本句描述客观事实，且habitats和divide是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are divided。9.句意：这使得隔离开的熊猫群更加危险。此处需要名词做to的宾语，danger危险。故填danger。10.此处需要副

23、词做状语，修饰动词feel，deeply深刻地。故填deeply。（B）七选五Gardening can be a fun and rewarding activity for people of all ages, but it can be especially beneficial for children.Gardening enhances childrens senses and motor skills. In addition to being able to touch the soil, use various tools and seeds, children can a

24、lso spot the differences between different plants, and hear sounds of different insects._1_. Gardening activities like digging, planting, watering, and weeding can stimulate movements of the body, particularly arms and hands, and help children learn about the natural world._2_. Childrens curiosity a

25、bout plants starts with the first seed they sow. They learn about natural process by observing the growth and fruit ripen. They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.Plant care fosters (培养) patience and responsibil

26、ity._3_, and children learn what it means to be responsible for something to help ensure its health. Gardening also teaches children about caring for the environment, fostering a love and respect for nature.Gardening promotes nutrition and healthy choices for kids. Planting and cultivating (培育) plan

27、ts, picking vegetables and fruit, and involving kids in cooking with what they grew will certainly result in a wish to try and consume the food they prepared. They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves. _4_Gardening gives your family bonding time. Bonding with y

28、our family is so important, but it can be hard to realize with the digital age. _5_,which contributes to parent-child relationship.APlants need regular and consistent careBGardening gives you a chance to dial this backCChildren get a head start on learning about scienceDGardening involves scientific

29、 observations and creativityEIt provides good, healthy outdoor activity for the whole familyFThis helps children to nurture self-confidence and healthy diet habitsGInteracting with the surrounding nature encourages the learning process1G2C3A4F5E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了园艺给孩子们带来的好处。16下文“Gardening activities

30、 like digging, planting, watering, and weeding can stimulate movements of the body, particularly arms and hands, and help children learn about the natural world.(像挖掘、种植、浇水和除草这样的园艺活动可以刺激身体的运动，特别是手臂和手，帮助孩子们了解自然世界)”列举了园艺活动中与周围的自然环境的互动，并说明了它们有助于孩子们去了解自然，是对G项“Interacting with the surrounding nature encou

31、rages the learning process (与周围的自然互动可以促进学习过程)”的具体说明，句上“digging, planting, watering, and weeding”照应G项中“Interacting with the surrounding nature”，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。17设空句是段首主题句，根据下文“Childrens curiosity about plants starts with the first seed they sow. They learn about natural process by observing the growth

32、and fruit ripen. They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.(孩子们对植物的好奇始于他们播下的第一颗种子。他们通过观察水果的生长和成熟来了解自然过程。他们也开始认识到昆虫和蠕虫对植物的重要作用，并认识到自然界的一切都是相互联系的)”可知，本段主要讲园艺可以激发孩子们对自然科学的兴趣，让他们在科学学习上有一个好的开端，故C项“Children get a head s

33、tart on learning about science (孩子们在学习科学方面有一个良好的开端)”是本段内容的概括，适合作主题句。故选C项。18根据段首主题句“Plant care fosters (培养) patience and responsibility.(照顾植物培养耐心和责任感)”可知，本段讲照顾植物培养耐心和责任感，A项“Plants need regular and consistent care (植物需要定期和持续的照料)”承接主题句，和下文“and children learn what it means to be responsible for somethin

34、g to help ensure its health.(孩子们学习什么是对某事负责，以帮助确保它的健康)”一起说明照顾植物如何培养耐心和责任感，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。19上文“They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves.(他们会很乐意尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果)”提出孩子们会尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果，F项“This helps children to nurture self-confidence and healthy diet habits(这有助于培养孩子的自信和健康

35、的饮食习惯)”承接上文，说明这样做的结果，句中“healthy diet habits”照应上文“vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。20根据下文定语从句“which contributes to parent-child relationship.(这有助于亲子关系)”可知，设空处会提到有助于亲子关系的事情，E项“It provides good, healthy outdoor activity for the whole family(它为整个家庭提供了良好、健康的户外活动)”

36、中“good, healthy outdoor activity for the whole family”有助于培养亲子关系，同时照应主题句中“bonding time”，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。（C）阅读理解Our Planet Earth is full of life and has incredible biodiversity. Biological Diversity or Biodiversity is the base of human existence and fundamental to its well-being. Species are the building

37、 blocks of this life on Earth, and it is believed that the species that are at present globally found have continuously evolved over 65 million years since the Last Mass Extinction. However, the nature and extent of our planets biodiversity at all levels have not been completely evaluated yet. Thus,

38、 the exact number of species found in the world remains unknown. Over the years, with the advancement of scientific knowledge and the discovery of more new species, it has been approximated that there are, at present, 10 million to 14 million species on Earth, of which 1.2 million species have been

39、data-based. This means that still more than 86 of the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91 of the marine species remain unknown. Every year, taxonomists(分类学家)describe thousands of species,some of which are completely new to science, while in some cases, the species and subspecies are closely examined and determi

40、ned whether they can be considered distinct species. A study has revealed that over 99. 9% of all species amounting to more than 5 billion species that ever lived here, are believed to be extinct. At present, our planet houses millions of species, among which 86% live on land, 13% in the deep subsur

41、face, and a mere 1% in the oceans. However, Biodiversity is not evenly distributed on Earth, and its number varies greatly on different continents. The undiscovered and misidentified species slow our ability to understand patterns and changes in global biodiversity and the rate of species extinction

42、s(灭绝). Even after several years of taxonomic studies, only 14% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species have been officially added to the central database. Necessarily, some species will become extinct before researchers realize they ever existed.1What does the underlined word “marine” mean i

43、n Paragraph 1?ARare.BOceanic.CEndangered.DNovel.2What do taxonomists usually do?AExamine distribution of species.BCompare species from subspecies.CDecide the situation of the species.DDescribe diversity of new-found species.3Which of the following can describe the distribution of the Earths Biodiver

44、sity?AUnequal.BAccumulative.CAverage.DMaximum.4What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe central database covers all species.BThe rate of species extinctions is rather high.CMany undiscovered species have been extinct.DHumans know little about endangered species.1B2C3A4C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球

45、上存在的生物多样性和物种的数量。1词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“This means that still more than 86% of the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91% of the marine species remain unknown.(这意味着仍有超过86%的陆地物种和91%的marine物种未知)”中的“more than 86% of the terrestrial”可知，划线词指与“陆生”相对，即“海生的”，与B项“oceanic”意思相同。故选B。2细节理解题。根据第二段“while in some cases, the species and

46、 subspecies are closely examined and determined whether they can be considered distinct species.(而在某些情况下，这些物种和亚种会被仔细检查，以确定它们是否可以被视为不同的物种)”可知，分类学家通常会确定物种的情况。故选C。3推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“However, Biodiversity is not evenly distributed on Earth, and its number varies greatly on different continents.(然而，生物多样性在地球上的分布并不均匀，在不同的大陆上，生物多样性的数量差异很大)”可知，地球上的生物多样性的分布是不均的，不同洲的生物种类的数量大为不同。故选A。4推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Necessarily, some species will become extinct before researchers realize they ever existed.(一些物种必然会在研究人员意识到它们曾经存在过之前灭绝)”可知，许多未被发现的物种已经灭绝。故选C。