专题3：创满分谨防两类失分点 - 2021年高考英语完形填空解题技巧及真题演练.docx

1、第三讲：创满分做题谨防两类失分点，复验从两个层面着眼一、谨防两类失分不可掉以轻心语篇层次题需要综合考量全篇信息再做判断，考生常由于信息获取不全、文意理解不透、情感把握不准而错选，这是能力因素失分；但也有一些题目的失分，并非能力不够造成的，而是由于考生的惯性思维、不严谨细致而导致的无谓失分，这类题我们称之为思维粗疏题。(一)语篇层次题攻克难点把分增语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主角的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答，读完全文后

2、综合思维再做判定。典例1(2020全国卷)1 .There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45.nice above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder 46.battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.3 “Thats the garden in our picture，” Nicolos son told his father.They 55.

3、eventually learned that the painting they_56_ was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57.studied the other painting and learned that it was 58.actually Paul Gauguins “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”.56A.ownedBborrowedCsold Dstole分析：选A本题是语篇层次题，需要综合第一段和空格所在段落来寻找突破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题

4、。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：Nicolo在一次拍卖会上竞买到两幅画Nicolo的儿子研究这些画发现这两幅画均为名画。根据文章发展脉络可知，Nicolo在拍卖会上买到两幅画，这两幅画自然为他所拥有(owned)。故答案为A项。典例2 (2019全国卷)Its about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota.During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers 41.thought about the small

5、 dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.He had 43.tried_ to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had 44.run_off.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove 46.back.After a long and careful 47.search,_Greg saw, a

6、cross a field, the dog moving _48_ away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy.It just started licking (舔) Ehlers face.48A.cautiouslyBcasuallyCskillfully Dangrily分析：选A本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据第一段最后一句中的“frightene

7、d”和第二段第二句中的“four days later”并结合下文的“Nervousness and fear”可知，一只走丢多日的小狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地(cautiously)移动。(二)思维粗疏题明辨“陷阱”不丢分在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用

8、法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth.来表达。典例1(2020新高考全国卷)_31_ young plants in the dry season was 32.tough for a lone boy.Molai built at the 33.top of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34.collect rainwater.The water would then drip (滴落) on the

9、 plants below.31A.DecoratingBObservingCWatering DGuarding分析：选C受思维习惯的影响，考生看到空后的young plants就会想到去“保护”小树，因此考生易误选D项。但是，综合下文我们可以得知本段主要描述的是Molai如何给小树浇水的过程。(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。典例2(2019北京高考)A

10、lthough the 22.programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes _23_ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students.23A.farBaroundCbeyond Dforwards分析：选C根据语境可知，此处表示威尔逊经常做得更多，因此用go beyond意为“超越”，表示他做的远远超出该项目所要求的职责范围。但考生受思维定式影响，看到go往往就考虑到go far表示“走得远”，而误选A

11、项。在最近几年的高考完形填空中，一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。典例1(2020全国卷)It was just after sunrise on a June morning.“Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be 41.exposed to the public because of Italys privacy laws, 42.finished working

12、 the whole night at a factory in Turin.As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction (拍卖)” _43_ by the Italian police where things 44.found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.43A.attended BreservedCcancelled Drun分析：选D根据上下文可知，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方管理的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞买者。注意此处考查run的熟词生义。run是

13、一个多义词，用作动词，最常见的意思为“跑，奔跑”，除此之外还有“迅速赶往；经营，管理；提供，开设(服务、课程等)；(使)运转，运行；持续；延续”等。典例2 (2019全国卷)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 41.bring with them lots of waste.The 42.crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers (冰川) are disappearin

14、g, changing the _43_ of Kilimanjaro.43A.position BageCface Dname分析：选C根据设空前的“The 42.crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，人群可能会破坏这个地方的美，冰川也正在消失。由此可推断，这一切正在改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。face一词多义，此处意为： (地区、机构或活动领域的)外观，面貌。在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这

15、些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记牢。典例(2020全国卷)I hate lying to the kids.One day theyll 47.wake_up and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48.lie.I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the _50_.I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie were telling is doing 52.spir

16、itual damage to our children.50A.restrictions BexplanationsCdifferences Dconsequences分析：选D本段作者首先表明了自己讨厌对孩子撒谎的态度。有一天，孩子会醒悟，并且发现，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切是一个谎言。我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。此空选项中的consequences是考生相对陌生的考纲词汇，所以一些考生会因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。二、复读验证答案不可缺失的一环如果抛开语篇，每个题目的四个选项，任意选择一个放置于空缺处，句意大都能读得通，“似是而非”是完形填空失

17、分最主要的因素(“似是”放在句中行得通；“而非”通读语篇不入调)。为防止这种“只见树木，不见森林”的错误发生，做完题后，代入选项，通读语篇，成为做完形填空题不可缺失的一环。(一)语言能力、学习能力层面查显性失分点完形填空比较注重对语意的考查，因此，当我们完成答案的初步选择，进行复读验证的时候，首先要验证的便是所选选项是否符合上下文的语境，即上下文语意是否通顺。典例(2020全国卷)As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection, _41_ can a

18、lso drive you mad.Theyll come rushing in, 42.saying their handbags been stolen.Theyll 43.swear that they left it in the changing room, create havoc (混乱) and then 44.discover it had been in their car all the time.41A.shopkeepersBcustomersCsalespersons Dreceptionists分析：选B根据上文“I care deeply about my cu

19、stomers”可知，作为一个销售员，作者虽然关心顾客，但有时候顾客也让人受不了。下文作者列举了一些顾客让人受不了的例子。B项符合上下文语境，使语意通顺。从近几年的高考完形填空题来看，命题人通常会对考生所熟悉的词汇(但词义陌生)进行考查，即考查熟词生义。因此，当选项中的词汇是比较常见的词汇时(尤其是一词多义的词汇)，要对其词义多延伸一下，尽可能把它的意思想全，再结合上下文语境进行核对。典例(2018全国卷)Much to the familys surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital _53_

20、 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindseys husband was totally 54.astonished by the unexpected visit.“I dont think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55.appreciate it and the gifts.”53A.bearing BcollectingCopening Dmaking分析：选A根据生活常识可知，一个人去医院探望人的时候是要“携带”礼物的，故bear“携带”，符合语境

21、。注意此处考查bear的熟词生义。bear是一个多义词，用作动词，最常见的意思为“承受，忍受”，除此之外还有“承担(责任)；支撑，承受(重量)；显示；带有；携带；生(孩子)；开(花)；结(果实)”等。完形填空题对搭配的考查通常是在文中给出动词，让考生选择与其搭配的名词、介词或副词等。因此，当看到空格前面有动词，选项中有名词、介词或副词时，要看与每个选项的搭配是否正确，并结合上下文语境，看语意是否通顺。典例(2020全国卷)That taught me a valuable 54.lesson and I pass it on to the people who 55.work in the m

22、arket.Dont take it _56_.If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe shes had a row with her husband.Maybe her childs not 57.well.”56A.kindly BsecretlyCpersonally Dcasually分析：选C本题空格前有动词take，选项中给的是副词，故首先考虑搭配问题。take sth.personally为固定搭配，意为“认为某事针对自己而不悦”。根据下文If a customer is rude or difficult, j

23、ust think “Maybe shes had a row with her husband .”可知，顾客不礼貌或挑剔也许是有原因的，并不是针对店员。(二)文化意识、思维品质层面查隐性失分点在记叙文中，尤其是夹叙夹议文中，作者往往在字里行间流露出自己的情感态度。这些词汇往往是一些表示态度的动词或者是情感的形容词或副词。在通读全文把握作者的情感态度之后，复核验证时就要特别关注所选项是否符合作者的这种情感态度。典例(2019全国卷)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59.close to it as I am to my

24、 dogs，” says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be _60_ to go that extra mile.”60A.suitable BproudCwise Dwilling分析：选D本题上句提到Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近它。由作者的这种情感态度可知，此处表示，如果这是“我”的狗，“我”也希望有人会愿意(willing)多走那段路给“我”送来。be willing to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”。文章的逻辑关系包括递进、因果、并列、条件、让步与转折等

25、。命题者常从语篇的逻辑关系及语境角度来测试考生的判断能力。因此，考生要弄清语篇的脉络，理顺句、段的起承转合，把握事件发生、发展和结果之间的内在联系。典例(2020浙江7月高考)Lamb and mother 39.reunited,_I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.This was so _40_ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.41.Obviously Don had somehow made the 42.v

26、ehicle move.40A.unexpected BdangerousCembarrassing Ddifficult分析：选A本题空格后有一个表示因果关系的连词because，故考生在解答此题时，必须从因果关系及语境角度来作出判断。作者朝拖拉机走去的时候，发现拖拉机突然开动了，而作者是拉了手闸的，所以拖拉机突然开动是作者始料不及的(unexpected)。每篇文章都有一个主题，而作者写这篇文章的目的是想通过这个主题表达某种情感或态度，即文章的深意是什么，这是考生需要考虑的一方面。典例(2020新高考全国卷)Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.

27、The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21.home.He learned the value and beauty of _22_ there from a very young age.Molai 35.continued to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturallygrown land that has become home to many plants and anim

28、als.22A.nature ByouthCculture Dknowledge分析：选A本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了印度人Molai坚持长年植树造林改善环境的故事。文章的深意则是引导考生具有保护环境的意识。如果考生把握了这一深意，那么第22题会很容易选出。这里指他从小就懂得了大自然的价值和美丽。有时一些完形填空的文章，经常会交织一些相关方面的文化背景知识，并且选项答案的设置常与这些文化背景相关。因此，考生在选择答案时，要积极地调动自己的已有知识，特别注意中西方文化的差异。典例(全国卷)We arrived Spain for the first time a few weeks ago.I de

29、cided to 21.buy a car because we had sold the one we had in England .But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing _31_ me.31A.after BaroundCtowards Dwith分析：选C从这篇文章我们可以看出作者来自英国，文章与“开车”有关，此时我们可以通过自己对英国“道路交通”的文化知识来判断，在英国的交通规则中，车辆都在左侧行驶，但由于文化差异，西班牙车辆的行驶方向正好相反。因此，这也导致作者在驾驶过程中出

30、现一系列错误。如果我们在解答这个问题上知道这一文化常识，并对当地文化背景有一定的了解，那么答案就会变得非常简单，轻松地得出正确答案为“towards”。随堂体验落实 (2020合肥市高三第一次质检)When our girls are brave, they are free to explore in their learning and in life.That exploration leads to the _1_ of their talents and passions.On Saturday night we saw one of our students act so brav

31、ely that it took my _2_ away.One of the lead characters of our show, Blue Stockings, was played by a science teacher, Ben Walker._3_，Ben broke his nose very badly when playing football on Saturday and consequently couldnt _4_. Ella Jones, a yeareleven student and part of the cast, who _5_ to rest on

32、 Saturday, was _6_ to play Bens role.Think about that.She had three hours _7_， playing a role of a _8_ she had never played before, in front of the audience who paid for it.And if she couldnt _9_，the impact of the whole play would be diminished (减弱)It was not the end of the world, but it would be _1

33、0_ for all concerned.I would have _11_. But Ella rose to the _12_.She said, “I was astonished; _13_，I figured the show must go on and I wanted to _14_.I wasnt scared _15_ I arrived at the theatre and realized how much there was to _16_.It wasnt just about lines, but it was about the stagecraft (舞台表演

34、技巧)I was _17_ about the other actors because I know how _18_ it is to perform a role with someone who isnt as invested, especially if it is an emotional scene.” Asked how the show _19_，Ella said, “It was amazing, and the audience seemed to love the male character I played for the first time.” She ad

35、ded, “Just because youre scared doesnt mean you cant be _20_. Anyway, I made it.”思维导图(加号的题目为语篇层次题，加的为思维粗疏题)语篇解读：作者参加了一个名为Blue Stockings的演出，有一位叫Ben Walker的科学老师在其中扮演一个主要的角色。不幸的是，这位科学老师在踢足球时弄伤了鼻子，而碰巧休息的Ella Jones被拉来替演。面对时间紧、任务重、台词记忆和舞台表演技巧不足以及女扮男装等困难，Ella Jones勇于接受挑战，并成功地完成了演出。1.A.discovery Bchange Cgr

36、owth Dcontrol解析：选A根据下文讲述的Ella勇敢接受挑战，并最终成功地完成了演出可知，当女孩勇敢时，她们会在学习和生活中自由地探索，这种探索可以发现她们的才华和热情。2.A.pain Bbreath Cfaith Dconcern解析：选B根据该句中的“act so bravely”以及下文表述的Ella勇于接受挑战可知，Ella的勇敢表现令作者惊叹不已。take sb.s breath away“令某人惊叹”。如果不明白breath有此搭配可能会错选答案。3A.Secretly BHopefullyCUnsurprisingly DUnfortunately解析：选D根据空后的

37、“Ben broke his nose very badly”可知，这是一件非常不幸的事情。D项意为“不幸地”，符合语境。4A.coach Bperform Csurvive Dretire解析：选B根据语境可知，Ben伤到了鼻子，因此他无法演出了。5A.refused Bdecided Chappened Dpromised解析：选C根据下文表述的Ella接受挑战并成功地完成了表演可推知，碰巧休息的Ella被要求去饰演Ben的角色。happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。6A.asked Bforced Ctrained Dreminded解析：选A参见上题解析。7A.wait B

38、interval Cnotice Djudgment解析：选C根据上文中的“On Saturday night”“playing football on Saturday”可知，Ben周六踢球时伤了鼻子，而演出是在周六晚上，并结合语境可推知，Ella提前三个小时接到了替演通知。three hours notice表示“三个小时的通知”。8.A.director Bwoman Cman Dteacher解析：选C根据最后一段第一句中的“the audience seemed to love the male character I played”可知，Ella扮演的是一个男性角色。9.A.tak

39、e it away Blook it up Cmake it out Dcarry it off解析：选D根据空后的“the impact of the whole play would be diminished (减弱)”可推知，如果她不能成功地完成演出，整部剧的影响将减弱。carry sth.off“成功地完成某事”，符合语境。如果不理解这个短语的意思就可能错选答案。10A.encouraging Bdisappointing Crewarding Damusing解析：选B根据语境可知，不能成功地完成演出并不是世界末日，但是对有关方面来说，这将是令人失望的。11A.run Bagree

40、d Cshared Dfailed解析：选A根据上文讲到的那么多困难并结合语境可知，这里作者想表达的是如果替演的人是自己，自己会逃跑。12.A.power Bchallenge Cdanger Dthreat解析：选B根据该句中的“But”的转折并结合下文的内容可知，Ella接受了这个挑战。rise to the challenge表示“迎接挑战”。有些学生可能不知道challege与rise搭配组成短语，可表达“迎接挑战”，从而错选。13A.besides Btherefore Chowever Dinstead解析：选C根据语境可知，尽管Ella感到很吃惊，但她还是接受了安排。空处前后形成

41、了转折关系，故选C。14A.win Bquit Cresist Dhelp解析：选D根据该句中的“I figured the show must go on”可知，Ella想要帮忙。15A.until Bunless Cafter Dwhen解析：选A结合该句中的“I wasnt scared”“realized how much there was”以及语境可推知，Ella到达剧场后才开始感到害怕。not .until“直到才”。16A.put away Bhand in Cwork out Dtake over解析：选C根据空后一句表述的它不仅仅是关于台词，还和舞台表演技巧有关，并结合语境

42、可知，Ella意识到需要应付很多事情。work out“应付，解决”，符合语境。A项意为“将收起”；B项意为“提交，上交”；D项意为“接替，接任”。17A.doubtful Bconfident Ccurious Dworried解析：选D根据该句中的“to perform a role with someone who isnt as invested，especially if it is an emotional scene”可知，Ella担心其他演员，因为她知道和一个临时替演的人在一起演出一个角色有多难。18A.easy Btough Cembarrassing Dinteresting解析：选B参见上题解析。tough“艰难的”，符合语境。19A.sounded Bimproved Cstarted Dwent解析：选D根据该段Ella所说的话可知，此处应是演出后Ella被问到演出的进展情况。go“进展，进行”，符合语境。20.A.brave Bproud Ccalm Dshy解析：选A此处与第一段中的“When our girls are brave”呼应，升华文章主题，故选A。