人教版初二（下）英语：unit9语法篇（学生版）.docx

1、Unit 9 语法篇_学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense)（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Itssodark.太黑了。Someonehasturnedoffthelight.有人把灯关上了。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego,sofar等时间状语连用。Eg.Ihavelivedherefortenyears.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）Eg.Ihave

2、livedheresince2019.自从2019年我就住在这儿。（从2019年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）（3）基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)(当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(肯定句)否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 Ihavenotfinishedmyhomework.（否定句）一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven

3、t,（一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）（4）hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别Have/Hasgone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Eg.-Whereisyourfather？-HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）Eg.MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）Eg.MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths.=MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaisincetwomonthsago

4、.（5）现在完成时的标志：常与just,already,yet,ever,never,before,sofar等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。HaveyoueverbeentoJapan?Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.for+时间段；since+过去的时间点；since+段时间ago；since+一般过去时的句子。Theyhaveknowneachotherforfiveyears.Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.（6） 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pickpickedpic

5、ked;wishwishedwished;staystayedstayed2.以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：likelikedliked;hopehopedhoped;phonephonedphoned3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：studystudiedstudied;hurryhurriedhurried;replyrepliedreplied4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstoppedstopped;clapclappedclapped不规则变化：5. 以不变应万变。如：letletlet;putputp

6、ut;readreadread6.若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feelfeltfelt;keepkeptkept;sleepsleptslept7.结尾的字母d变t。如：lendlentlent;buildbuiltbuilt;sendsentsent8.变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buyboughtbought;bringbroughtbrought;catchcaughtcaught;teachtaughttaught1 Have you ever _ to a zoo? Yes, but only once. I visited Beijing Zoo

7、 last year.A. gone B. been C. visited D. seen2They _ to Tibet many times. A. are B. were C. have been D. had been3. Neither my sister nor I been to America before. A. have everB. have neverC. has everD. has never4. - 我从来没有去过新图书馆。- 我也没有。- I have to the new library.- I.5. 以前我从来没读过这么好笑的故事。I never a fun

8、ny story like this.基础演练一、单项选择 1. You dont need to describe her. I her several times. A. meetB. will meetC. have metD. met 2. - Look! Somebody the sofa.- Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. A. is cleaningB. was cleaningC. has cleanedD. had cleaned 3. - Hello! This is Henry Speaking. Id like to speak to

9、 your father.- Sorry, he has Shanghai. A. been inB. been toC. gone toD. come to 4. - Have you ever been anywhere for a trip?- A trip? I away from my hometown even once. A. wentB. have gone C. have beenD. have never been 5. - you ever read English newspapers?- No, I . A. Do; doB. Do; haveC. Have; hav

10、eD. Have; havent 6. - Is this your first time to Xinjiang?- No, I here several times. A. have goneB. havent goneC. have beenD. havent been 7. - How well do you know the Opera House?- I know the place very well. I Sydney many times. A. have been inB. have been to C. have gone toD. have arrived in 8.

11、- I cant find my watch. you it anywhere, Mum?- No, never. Look! Whats that under your book? A. Have; seenB. Had; seenC. Do; seeD. Did; see 9. Tom hasnt been to Italy , but he has been to America. He returned from New York City. A. already; yet; justB. yet; already; just C. already; never; justD. yet

12、; already; never10. - Where is Frank?- He the post office. A. has gone toB. has been toC. has goneD. has been二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子) 11. 你去过北京香山吗？ you to Mount Xiang in Beijing?12. 我已经把它写在这张纸上了。Ive it on this piece of paper already.13. 我听说你父母到北京出差去了?I hear your parents Beijing .14. - 你去过说英语的国家吗?- 没有去过。- yo

13、u ever English-speaking countries?- No, I .15. 他去了上海一个星期了, 下周就回来。He Shanghai for a week and he will be back next week.巩固提高1. 我已经参观过很多博物馆。I many museums.2. - 你学过德语吗？ - 是的。- you ever German? - Yes, I have.3. She has ever been to India. (改为一般疑问句) she ever to India?4. It is best to visit Singapore in au

14、tumn. (改为同义句)The best season Singapore is autumn.5. I have already had some plans. (改为否定句)I had plans .6. Shes never visited the science museum. (改为反义疑问句)Shes never visited the science museum, ?一、单项选择 1. Lucy to Beijing three times. A. has goneB. have beenC. has beenD. went 2. - I have read the stor

15、y.- When you read it? A. willB. didC. haveD. had 3. - Where is Mr. Black?- He to England for a meeting. A. has beenB. had beenC. wentD. has gone 4. - he ever to Beijing?- Yes, he there last year. A. Has; been; goesB. Did; go; has gone C. Has; been; wentD. Will; go; has been 5. - they ever there?- No

16、, never. A. Have; beenB. Have; wereC. Have; beingD. Has; been二、按要求转换句型6. Ive been there twice. (改为一般疑问句) you there twice?7. Has she ever been to the space museum? (作否定回答) , she .8. They have been to France. (改为否定句)They to France.9. - ? (根据答语写出问句)- No, Ive never been to America.10. Hello! May I speak

17、 to Jim? (用Shanghai作出回答)Sorry, he isnt in. .三、完形填空 There are two greatest cities in the world. One is Beijing, 11 is Paris. Have you ever been to Beijing, the capital of China? The Greens 12 to Beijing many times. Last summer vacation, they 13 there again. They enjoyed 14 there. Theyve 15 many great

18、 places. During the first two days, they went to Tiananmen Square. It is very large and there are many people 16 photos there. Next, they went to Beihai Park. They went 17 there and had a boat race with other visitors. They had a great time there. The Great Wall is one of the 18 places of 19 in the

19、world. They climbed the Great Wall for the whole day. There were so many people on the Great Wall. The Greens were so excited 20 they took lots of pictures there. For the last two days, they went to the Summer Palace. How beautiful Beijing is! They will come back to Beijing again next summer!11.A. o

20、therB. anotherC. the otherD. others12.A. has goneB. has beenC. have goneD. have been13.A. will goB. wentC. have goneD. are going14.A. themB. oneselfC. themselvesD. himself15.A. visitsB. visitedC. visitingD. visit16.A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. took17.A. boatB. boatingC. to boatingD. to boat18.A. mor

21、e famousB. famous C. most famousD. the most famous19.A. interestB. interestsC. interestingD. interested20.A. thatB. enoughC. thisD. it四、阅读理解 When you visit Taiwan, Green Island is a wonderful place not to be missed. Green Island, with clear blue water around it, is an island in the Pacific Ocean, 33

22、 kilometers east of Taitung. The old name for Green Island was Huoshandao, meaning fire-burning island. The island got its name because people on the island used to set up fires at night to help people who went fishing home. Another story goes that in the Qing Dynasty there was a fire and most of th

23、e islands trees and grass died. The coastline(海岸) of the island is only 20 kilometers long, the tallest mountain is only 281 meters high and the island is only 15 km, but it is attracting(吸引) a growing number of tourists. Green Island has a lot of interesting that makes it a place where people like

24、to go: seaside, a clear white beach, green grasslands, seawater, hot springs, beautiful undersea sights, and a great many plants and animals. Another thing of Green Island that people are interested in is its rocks in different shapes. Sleeping Beauty and Pekinese Dog are the two most strangely shap

25、ed ones. There are also other interests with one cannot miss. The green hills, blue sea, clear sky, and ocean gentle winds make a must for you.21. From the article we know Green Island is . A. very largeB. 281 meters long C. in the Indian OceanD. 33 kilometers from Tai tung22. According to the two s

26、tories, people on the Green Island used to . A. meet a lot of visitors B. set fire to get warm C. make a living by fishing D. cut down too many trees and grass23. The sight Pekinese Dog is on Green Island. A. a cute living dogB. a rock like a dog C. a dog-shaped plantD. a dog of Sleeping Beauty24. T

27、he last passage is mainly about the of Green Island. A. sightsB. historyC. peopleD. culture_北京四中初二下期中考试A A new planet more like Earth was discovered and regarded as a likely future home for human. The planet contains both land and water with average temperatures around 22. It is 600 light years from

28、 Earth. There are 290 days a year on the planet. A French company wants to change the Eiffel Tower into a very tall and growing Christmas tree made of 600,000 plants. The Eiffel Tower is decorated(装饰) with 10,000 light bulbs and attracts(吸引) 7 million visitors a year. Wow, what a night! The evening

29、got off to a fun start with Steven Hall. Ronan Parke took on Kelly Clarksons Because of You. Jai McDowall finally won because of his wonderful performance.36. The new planet . A. might have 365 days a year B. has no water C. might be a future home for human D. has bad weather37. will make the Eiffel

30、 Tower become a big tree. A. 1000 light bulbsB. 600,000 plants C. 600 light yearsD. 7 million visitors38. was the winner of Britains Got Talent 2019. A. Steven HallB. Ronan Parke C. Kelly ClarksonD. Jai McDowallB When I was 14, I left school with learning disabilities and decided to surf the biggest

31、 waves in the world, first in California and then in Hawaii. One morning, I met an old man, a bum(流浪汉), on the street corner. He asked me if I was running away from home. I told him, Not exactly, sir. After talking a while, he told me that he had something to show me and share with me. We walked sev

32、eral blocks until we came upon the downtown Public Library. The bum asked me to sit down and wait for a moment. Later he returned with some books, and then said, I want to teach you two things. Number one is never to judge a book by its cover. for a cover fools you. Ill bet you think Im a bum, dont

33、you? I said, I guess so, sir. Well, young man, Ive got a little surprise for you. I am one of the wealthiest men in the world. But a year ago, my wife passed away. I realized there were certain things I had not yet experienced in life, one of which was what it would be like to live like a bum on the

34、 streets. For the past year I have been going from city to city doing just that. Number two is to learn how to read, for there is only one thing that people cant take away from you, and that is your wisdom. At that moment, he gave me the books hed pulled from the shelves. His parting request was for

35、 me to never forget what he taught me. I have remembered until today.39. The boy when he was 14. A. liked runningB. left school C. did well in studyD. traveled around the world40. Which of the following is true? A. The old man took the boy home B. The old man was homeless and poor C. The old man was

36、 friendly to the boy D. The old man and his wife went from city to city41. The old man taught the boy how to . A. love peopleB. become wise C. choose friendsD. experience the bums lifeC Want to save money when travelling by train? Here are some ways: Day Returns This ticket can save you up to 45% on

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40、becomes out of date.42. How many ways does the writer tell us to save money when travelling by train? A. Five.B. Four.C. Three.D. Six.43. Big City Savers are special low-priced tickets on trains. A. certainB. returnC. weekendD. all44. Monthly Returns save you up to on the standard fare. A. 45%B. 35%

41、C. 25%D. 65%D The Mayan(玛雅的) Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived in the 1500s. The Mayan achievements were many. They had farms, beautiful palaces, and cities with many buildings. The Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them. This knowledge

42、 helped them to live a better life than most people of that time, because they could use it to make their lives more comfortable and rewarding(值得的). Knowledge about tools and farming, for example, made their work easier and more productive. The Maya believed in many gods, including rain gods, sun go

43、ds, and corn gods. The people built large temples to honor the Mayan gods. Skillful workers built cities around these temples. It was difficult for them to build these cities, because they had no horses to carry the heavy stone they used to build with. Workers had to carry all of the building materi

44、als themselves. Today, many of these ancient Mayan cities and temples are still standing. Although the cities that the Maya built were beautiful, and the people worked hard to build them, very few of the people lived in them. Usually, only the priests(牧师) lived in the cities. The other people lived

45、in small villages in the forests. Their houses were much simpler than the elaborate buildings in the cities. They lived in small huts(小屋) with no windows. The walls were made of poles covered with dried mud, and the roof was made of grass or leaves. Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature. The

46、 Mayan priests studied the Sun, the Moon, stars, and planets. They made a calendar from what they learned. The year was divided into 18 months of 20 days each with five days left over. The Mayan calendar was far more exact than the European calendars of the time. Around the year 800, the Maya left t

47、heir villages and beautiful cities, never to return. No one knows why this happened. They may have died from some disease. They may have left because the soil could no longer grow crops. Archaeologists(考古学家) are still trying to find the lost secrets of the Maya.45. What does the underlined word elab

48、orate mean? A. easily builtB. carefully made C. slowly fixedD. quickly designed46. From the passage we can infer(推理) that . A. most Maya lived in beautiful cities B. many Mayan cities and temples are still standing C. the Maya were intelligent and culturally rich people D. the Mayan calendar was the

49、 same as European calendars47. Why it is said that the Mayan people lived a better life than most people of that time? A. They had better building skills and housing conditions. B. They believed in many gods, and honored the Mayan gods. C. They had knowledge about tools and farming. D. They studied

50、about nature and the world around them.48. What can be the best title for this article? A. Mayan GodsB. Mayan Buildings C. Productive MayaD. Mysterious(神秘的) Maya四、短文7选5Forgetful President George Washington was the first president of the United States. 49. But it seems that the president was not a pe

51、rfect person. A New York library recently found that Washington borrowed two books from the library in 1789. 50. If he were still alive, he would have to pay the library $300,000 in fines(罚款), for it has been late for over 220 years. On October 5, 1789, George Washington went to the New York Society

52、 Library. 51. He didnt sign his name in the borrowers book. He just wrote President to show who had taken them out. The two books should have been brought back a month later, but they were never returned. Workers at the library realized the books were missing when they organized the librarys old rec

53、ords. The New York Society Library doesnt expect anyone to pay the fine. 52. A. Its said that he never told a lie. B. He then borrowed the books from it. C. However, he didnt return them on time. D. But it hopes that someone will return the books. E. He kept the books, because he didnt finish readin

54、g them.五、阅读与表达(问答式) Some children are born bosses. They have a need to make decisions, manage their environment and lead rather than follow. Too much rule in the hands of the young isnt healthy for children or the family. Family expert John Taylor says, Children have secret feelings of weakness. The

55、y are always trying to feel safe. Its the parents dutynot the childsto provide safety. When a boss child doesnt learn limits(限制) at home, troubles will appear outside the family. The child may have trouble obeying(遵守) teachers, for example, or keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog

56、if no one likes your ruling ways. Bossy kids are often unusually bright. Their parents need to be especially careful to manage them. Bossy kids usually work more on the mother. Its important for both parents to know their childs weakness, to agree on key rules and to back each up. Even as you try to

57、 be kindto a pointdont give up your parental ruling post. Instead, stand your ground by using body language that tells your child who the boss is. Good manners are important to family. Show a child by example how to ask for something rather than shout orders. Try asking your child to do things that

58、are not too difficult. Then reward(奖励) him with a hug(拥抱) and words such as Thank you. I like it when you listen to me. Over time good manners will become associated(联结) with pleasure. 根据短文内容，完成下列小题。53. Is the passage mainly about how to teach children?54. Do boss children usually feel lonely or have a lot of friends?55. Which of the parents should know their childs weakness?56. Why is it important to teach children good manners?57. What should parents be like to teach a boss child well?