人教版高中英语选修七 Unit3 Under the sea-语法篇（学生版）.docx

1、第6讲 Under the sea 语法篇_1.掌握V-ing的被动式的结构与用法；2.能够熟练运用V-ing的被动式解题造句。一. 含义与构成1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：语态 时 态 主动形式被动形式一般式 (not) doing (not) being done完成式 (not) having done (not) having been done2. V-ing 形式的被动式用法及种类当v-i

2、ng与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done；V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。二. 用法（一）动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进行。1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing. 在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。Being exposed

3、 to the sun does harm to health. 暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。The presidents being killed led to serious consequences. 总统被杀导致了严重后果。2、 作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。The bird escaped being caught. I didnt mind being left at home.He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us. He did it without _ (ask)You cant eat anything befo

4、re _(operate on) I remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。注意： 动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done),不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（having been done)。 如：I appreciate having been gi

5、ven the chance to study abroad. 我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：Toms being admitted to college is a big surprise for us. 汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught. 新证据的发现导致他被捕。What worried the child

6、 most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital（二）现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行。1、 作宾补现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now.As we approached the vill

7、age we saw new houses _ (build)注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成。2、作定语现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。The meeting _ (discuss) now is very important.He asked who was the girl _ (operate）on in the operating room. 注意：现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。如：a

8、meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议 a meeting held yesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。The building having been built last year () The building built last year ()We found him having been killed. () We found him killed ()（三）现在分词的被动完成式 (having been

9、done) 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。Having been told the news, they put off the trip. 被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。Having been separated for many years

10、by the war, they couldnt recognize each other. 因战争而分离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。Having been told many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了， 那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。注意：若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。The work having been done, they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the stude

11、nts home. 在这种独立主格结构中，用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。而为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：The work done, they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。但是在这种情况下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。Asked (= Having been asked) to work

12、overtime, I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发（或持续一段时间）还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mis

13、takes. 尽管被告诉了多次，他还是犯同样的错误。三、动名词的主动形式表被动意义在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering. 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We dont allow students to s

14、moke here. 我们不允许学生抽烟1. (2019北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without .A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. Having recognizedD. Having been recognized2. (2019浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A. performB. performingC.

15、 to performD. being performed3. (2019浙江奉化高三)Almost everyone of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony, because for the speaker, is an honor.A. invitedB. being invitedC. be invitedD. inviting4. (2019浙江温州十校联考) He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing shoppi

16、ng yesterday. A. To have been badly treatedB. Treating badlyC. To be treated badlyD. Being badly treated5. (2019浙江温州高二下)_ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been

17、 separatedD. To be separated基础演练1. _ in a famous university is what most students wish for. A.To educateB. EducatedC. Being educatedD. Educating2. _ into a famous university made his parents happy.A. Tom was admittedB. Tom be admitted C. If Tom was admittedD. Toms being admitted3. _ in a heavy traff

18、ic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. A.Having caughtB. Being caught C. CaughtD. having been caught 4. - What in the world put you in a really bad mood ?- _ in the traffic for hours. A. StuckB. Being stuckC. To be stuckD. Sticking5. - What made Bil

19、l so angry?- _. His girlfriend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet.A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waitingD. Being kept waited巩固提高6. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having pro

20、motedD. to be promoted7. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught8. Do you mind _ alone at home?A. Jane leavingB. Jane having left C. Janes being leftD. Jane to be left9. While shopping, people sometimes can

21、t help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuadeB. PersuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded10. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. AttackingB. having attackingC. being attackedD

22、. having been attacked 11. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invitedB. not having invited C. having not invitedD. not having been invited12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _.A. to escape burningB. to e

23、scape being burnedC. escaping burnedD. escaping from burning13. She insisted _ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money. A. on takingB. on being takenC. to takeD. to be taken14. He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. CalledB. having calledC. being

24、 calledD. having been called15. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _. A. being fully acceptedB. accepted fully C. fully been acceptedD. fully accepted1. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth_.A. from pollutingB. PollutedC. PollutingD. being po

25、lluted2. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowingB. his not being allowed C. his being not allowedD. having not been allowed3. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and

26、 closed C. being opened and closedD. to open and close4. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. BuildB. having been builtC. to be builtD. being built5. If I criticize someone, I will do it with great patience as if I were

27、 the one _ . A. to criticizeB. CriticizingC. having criticizingD. being criticized6. The building _ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.A. to paintB. being paintedC. to have paintedD. painted7. The well was found _ when we got there.A. DiggingB. to be dugC. to digD. being dug8.

28、 _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To ask C. Having askedD. To be asked9. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2019 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shown C. Having been shownD. To show10. _ many times, he final

29、ly understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told11. _ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD.To be separated12. The country has al

30、ready sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched 13. _ for two weeks, the village is in short of food.A. To floodB. Having floodedC. Having been floodedD.being flooded 14. I want to have

31、my hair _, because it wants _. A. cut; cuttingB. being cut; being cutC. cut; being cutD. cut; to cut 15. I still remember _ chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.A. to be caught to playB. be caught playing C.catching playD.being caught playing_一. 单项选择1. - Did you have a good time at th

32、e party? - Thanks. I appreciated _ to your home.A. to be invitedB. being invited C. to have invitedD. having invited2. No one can prevent the plan _ .A. from carrying outB. to be carded out C. being carded outD. to carry out3. The bird was lucky that it just missed _ .A. CatchingB. being caught C. t

33、o be caughtD. to catch4. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. InvitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited5. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed6. He has always insisted on his _

34、 Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. been calledB. being called C. having calledD. called7. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont _ really need.A. to persuadeB. persuading C. being persuadedD. be persuaded8. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre, but his fath

35、er refused him because it was late.A. to be takenB. to take C. being takenD. taking9. The well was found _ when we got there.A. DiggingB. to be dugC. to digD. being dug10. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Los

36、ing二. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Passing Your Love OnWaiting for the airplane to take off, I was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then, an air hostess approached me and asked, “Would you mind 1 your seat? A couple would like to sit together.” The only 2 seat was

37、 next to a girl with her arms in casts（石膏绷带）, a black-and-blue face, and a sad 3 . “No way am I going to sit there,” I thought immediately. But a soft voice spoke, “She needs help.” Finally, I 4 to move to that seat.The girl was named Kathy. She had been in a car accident and 5 was on her way for 6

38、.When the snack and juice arrived, it did not take me long to 7 that Kathy would not be able to 8 herself. I considered 9 to feed her but hesitated, as it seemed too10 to offer a service to a 11 . But then I realized that Kathys need was more12 than my discomfort. I offered to help her eat, and 13 s

39、he was uncomfortable to accept, she 14 as I expected. We became closer and closer in a short period of time. By the end of the five-hour trip, my heart had 15 , and the time was really 16 spent than if I had just sat by myself.I was very glad I had reached 17 my comfort zone to sit next to Kathy and

40、 feed her. Love 18 flows beyond human borders and removes the fears that keep us 19 . When we stretch to serve another, we grow to live 20 a larger and more rewarding world.1. A. leaving B. changingC. takingD. giving2. A. comfortableB. suitable C. available D. favorable3. A. heartB. expression C. ac

41、tion D. thought4. A. decided B. wanted C. regrettedD. promised5. A. immediatelyB. lately C. recently D. now6. A. treatment B. travel C. pleasure D. business 7. A. know B. say C. realize D. recognize8. A. eat B. feed C. choose D. support9. A. offering B. needing C. stopping D. trying10. A. impolite B

42、. far C. close D. fast11. A. girl B. neighbor C. passenger D. stranger12. A. unusual B. direct C. important D. shameful13. A. when B. although C. since D. as14. A. refused B. wondered C. cried D. did15. A. warmed B. jumped C. broken D. cheered16. A. good B. worse C. better D. bad17. A. below B. thro

43、ugh C. across D. beyond78. A. seldom B. never C. hardly D. sometimes19. A. separate B. independent C. silent D. upset20. A. of B. in C. at D. for三. 阅读理解During an exhibition show the skills of disabled people, an armless man used his mouth and feet to repair a watch. He completed the task in just a f

44、ew minutes at the show, which was held in Beijing last Saturday. Just imagine the tiny parts that make up a watch. You have to wonder how the disabled man developed such a skill.It was reported that 28-year-old Wang Jianghai lost his arms in an accident when he was five and began learning to repair

45、watches at the age of 17. He has repaired more than 10,000 watches in the past 11 years. What strong self-confidence he must have to overcome the difficulties in getting this skill! What optimism he must have to face the unfairness of his hard life! And what strong determination he must have to go t

46、hrough the hardship in his struggle for a normal life! Such confidence, optimism and willpower are exactly the qualities many physically healthy people lack nowadays. Wang has set a good example for young people. But todays youth seem to be more interested with their TV stars and pop singers but les

47、s interested in learning from the examples of working and studying hard to achieve higher goals. . That is undoubtedly the result of the influence of a changing social atmosphere. One must admit that there is a trend towards hedonism in our society. People are increasingly more concerned about mater

48、ial gains than about spiritual pursuits. While adults know they must work hard whatever way they choose to materialize the gains, the younger generation are more likely to seek ease and comforts of their senses.This pleasure-seeking trend provides a huge market for the entertainment industry and the

49、 mass media. The media devote excessive too much coverage to anecdotes of pop and TV stars, which in turn fans wider and stronger enthusiasm for entertainment among the public, especially young people. Ours is a developing country. Global competition in the growth of national strength presents a dem

50、and for China to be quicker in its development. We cannot afford to lose time. We need to make our economy more powerful. To meet this need, all of us should maintain our tradition of working hard and overcoming difficulties. 1. A particular mention made of Wang Jianghais story in the first two para

51、graphs _. A. serves as a description of the trend todayB. serves as an introduction to the discussion C. shows a disagreement of viewsD. show the popularity of the TV stars and pop singers2. Which of the following is the reason for young peoples increasing interest in entertainment? A. Young people

52、are taught by adults to seek pleasure of senses. B. Young people have given up our traditional value of hard working completely C. Young people are not interested in learning from the examples of hard working at all. D. Young people are far too much influenced by too much entertainment news in media.3. The underlined word “hedonism” (paragraph 4) means “_”. A. a materialB. spiritual gainsC. thinking pleasure is the most importantD. amusement