初中英语语法之常考英语介词概况汇总表格.docx

1、初中英语常考介词用法概括1.in序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在某段时间朝代、古今、世纪、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、过去、将来等不具体的、模糊的大于1天的时间段。（注意和at在这方面的区别：at指的是短于1天的时间点）in Tang dynasty;in the 19thcentury;in 1980;in this year;in spring;in a week;in a month;in the morning2表示位置在某个地方国家、地区、省、市、区、太空、天空等(自然意义上的地方)in china;in huabei;in Beijing;in the sky在

2、某个场所车、教室、超市等(注意和at在这方面的区别，at一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接触的地方)inthe train; in the classroom;甲处于乙中除实物里面外，注意“光、灯、影、树荫、雨、森林”，有全身置入某种环境之中的含义在内。We are in the classroom;They are sitting in the shade of a tree;They are studying in the bright light.3表示将来在以后用在一般将来时中，是从“现在时间点往后.”They will come back in 10days4语言单位材料/

3、关于“材料“，注意和with在这个用法上的区别。(with偏向“工具”，in偏向“材料”)I wrote a novel in Russian；The length is measured inmeter, and centimetre；This board was cast in gold.5状态方面服饰/状态：既可以指人的状态，也可指物的状态；方面：既可指具体，也可指抽象方面；服饰：尤以颜色和状态常考He wasnt in good health,so talk in low voice.Ourcountry in rich in natural resources;Agood teach

4、er must be an example in studyHe is in red shoes today初中阶段应掌握的In的常见短语 介词短语in all 总计;in general 一般来说；in time 及时；in advance 事前;in the meantime 与此同时;in place 适当地； in the hope of怀着希望;in connection with 和有关;in contact with 和联系;in addition to 除以外;in case of 倘若，万一;in conflict with 和冲突;in force 有效的，大批;in de

5、pth 彻底地;in regard to 关于;in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近;in retrospect 回顾，一想起;in behalf of 代表利益;in the long run 从长远说来;in ones opinion 在看来;in word 口头上;in a word 总之;in vain 无益地, 白白地;in case 如果，万一，以防;in detail 详细地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 总之；in spite of 尽管;in other words换句话说;in return 作为回报;in the name

6、of 以名义；be confident in 对有信心;be interested in 对感兴趣;in doubt 怀疑;in love 恋爱中;in debt 负债;in hesitation 犹豫不决;in wonder 在惊奇中;in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地);in a good mood (情绪)好; in danger, in debt(负债), in a hurry；in stock(有库存)；inpeace(平安) (at peace和平),动词短语believe in信任; break in break in闯入,插嘴,打断;bring in引起；产生

7、；带来; come in进来；流行；call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起；订阅，上当，受骗； turn in上缴，归还；fill in填充；get in收获；succeed in成功；check in到达登记，cut in插嘴,插入；count in包括；draw in时间接近； drop in顺路拜访；givein投降、屈服； go in for 参加；爱好，追求；hand in交上，上缴；pour in源源而来。2.on序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在某天或一天内的某个时间段在星期几、具体的某一天or某日的早、中、晚（时间前有定语修饰）OnSunday(Mon.Tue

8、);on May 12th 2019;on the night of Oct.29th;onWed.morning;on a cold night;on childrens day(核心提示：所有的节日都是用on)2表示位置（具体）在上面与物体表面相接触（注意与aboveover的区别）Thereare a lot of books on the shelf;Onthe face; on the head;on the floorfootball fieldplaygroundroadroofOn the farm on the market(常考)（抽象）在上面收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机

9、、问题、纸张（所有有形的，无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on）OnTV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone；Youare wrong on all these issues在（边）上左、右、两边Onthe left; on the right; on both sides; thereis a hotel on the lake3表示状态处于状态人或者物的目前状态;Onduty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time;onthe country

10、；on scale4表示关系关于文章or论著（高中阶段掌握）On指专门论述（注意和about相区别）Iwant a book on South Africa.Hewrote an article on the importance of birth control靠相当于depend on的含义The people in the south liveon rice;Youcant afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot5特定时间一就（高中阶段掌握）相当于as soon as+主语的含义On ent

11、ering the room, hefound his friends dancing；初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语 介词短语Onthe spot当场；立即；on the run在逃跑中；On the air在广播中；on fire着火；on time准时；on duty值日；on strike罢工； on sale上市；on the country相反地；on schedule按时间表，准时; on business公事； on display在展出；on the one hand一方面；on the other hand另一方面； on ones way to在路上；on ones own

12、=by oneself;on top of;and so on等等；on purpose故意，专门特别注意：乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行；onhorse骑马；on donkey骑驴动词短语Bring on引起，导致；call on号召，拜访；decide on 决定;depend on依靠，取决于；get on上车；相处；进展; go on继续; get on with进展，相处； look on旁观，观望；look onas把看/当作;look down on看不起，轻视；pass on传递，传交；hand on传递下去；put on表演，上演；戴/穿上；假装；take on

13、 呈现，具有；流行；承担，雇用；turn on打开（灯，气，水，电器等）；work on继续工作, 钻研（学问或技术）; carry on继续开展，坚持; holdon 继续；(电话)不挂断；抓牢，坚持;try on试穿。3.at序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在时刻岁时In是时间段，at是时间点，相对更精确Atnoon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;atdinner;at the moment;at the same time;at once;at the beginning of;at the

14、 endof;at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise;atsunset; at 7 oclockat（on） the weekend常考2表示地点在位置或场所家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心at the foot of;at the corner of ; at the crossroads;at the gate of;athe bottom of; atthe top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;at thebarbars;at the airport;at

15、the station; at 405 Victory Road 3表示度速度以速度Thecar ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed温度在度Waterusually boils at 100; at10 degrees centigrade价格按价格Thepen was sold at a good price; at low cost4表示方向朝，向表示动作的方向Aimat向.瞄准；shout at向.大喊；throw at向.扔；smile at向.微笑；rushat向.冲去;fire at向.开火5表示原因由于（高中阶段掌握一般用在系表结构中，对

16、形容词的原因进行说明Iwas surprised at the news;Hewas discouraged at his failure6表示能力擅长于固定考点：be good at;be bad at;anexpert atHeis good at drawing(at后接名词或动名词)初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语 介词短语atfirst 首先，开始时；at last;at most;at least 至少；at all events 无论如何；at home 在家，无拘束；at a loss 不知怎办；at any rate 不管怎样；at length 详细地；be at high t

17、ide 处于高潮期；at our invitation 应我们的邀请；at our request 应我们的请求；at the news 听到这消息；at the risk of 冒危险；at a great expense 以巨大费用；at intervals of 每隔；at the sight of 一见到at the point of 接近，靠近；at the thought of 一想到；at the speed of 以速度；at the cost (price) of 以为代价；at leisure 闲着、失业；at stake 在危险中、在成败关头；at bottom 实际上、

18、本质上；at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我们；at the present stage 在现阶段；at the weekend 周末；at all times 永远；动词短语call at访问（某地）；come at袭击，攻击; get at意指，本意是；理解；到达; knockat 敲打（门窗），敲击; look at看; work at从事, 致力于, 钻研; laugh at嘲笑；glare at怒目而视； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向4.about序号含义理解核心典型例句1关于、有关Thisis a book about h

19、ow to study English2大约, 近于表示时间或数量Iwill be with you in about 3minutes;Thereare about 30students in the classroom.3到处，在周围，附近相当于here and thereHewalked about the street.4Whatabout?(习惯用语)About为介词，所以后接动词ing形式Whatabout taking a break?动词短语go about着手,四处走走;set about着手，开始;worry about为担心; come about 发生;care abo

20、ut关心、在意; bring about引起，带来,导致;knock about漫游；lookabout四处看看，四处环顾；set about doing着手做，开始；turn about向后转；think about考虑（是否去做）；argue about争论; know about了解;hear about听说;ask about询问;chat about闲聊;quarrel about争吵;speaktalk about谈论;complain about报怨5.above序号含义理解核心典型例句1高于，在之上表示位置、地位、年龄、价格、量(重、数、度)、音调等Themountain is

21、 2019meters above the sea level（位置）;Iknow youre above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(职位)Theold lady is above eighty（年龄）;Thereare above forty girl students in the class（数量）;Ourprivate car weighs 1.8tons(重量)；Anymoney earned over that level is taxed(度量)2非能力所及，超出能力、行为、品质等The maths problem

22、is above me;Honest above everything else;He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那样的事情来)介词短语Above all首先，最重要的是，最要紧的是；He was above all a good andtireless writer; above all, we must be health 6.across序号含义理解核心典型例句1横过、穿过表示动作的方向Heswam across the river;Thepoliceman helped the old man walk across the street.2在对

23、面，在那一边表示位置上的对应关系，在隔着的对面Helives across the street;Japanlies across the pacific ocean常见短语Come across偶遇；get across横穿马路；能理解，被听懂；run across偶遇，横跨；7.against序号含义理解核心典型例句1撞到、紧靠表示动作的方向，有靠、撞击的意思Ihave hit my head against a wall;Shestood with her back against the tree;Therain beat against the windows2反、逆、违背反对（赞成

24、的反义）逆方向;违背（意愿等）Areyou for or against the plan?Therewere 20 votes for her and 12 against her;Heis swimming against this current.Shedid it against her own will3以防（大学阶段掌握此用法）Theysaved money against old age.4表示陪衬(高中阶段掌握此用法)Thered flag is fluttering against the blue sky;Hisred clothes stook out clearly a

25、gainst the snow.常见短语Go against违反、违背、反对；stand against反对，不支持；turn against（转而）反对，背叛；run against违反，偶然遇到；fight against与斗争； over against正对着，在对面（fe: he lived over against the school）8.after序号含义理解核心典型例句1（时间、顺序、位置）在之后表时间时，后面跟的是个时间点Afterbreakfast he ordered a taxi.Shutthe door after you;Afteryou,please.Afew k

26、ilometres after the village, turn right to Montelabate2探求、追求、追寻、找与be动词或其它动词合用时，有此含义Apolice is running after a thief;Heis after a job at our place;Ithink he is only after money.Whatare you after? I am looking for my wallet.3按照、仿照、依照、效仿相当于according to的含义Makesentence after the exampleThatwas a play aft

27、er Shakespeare.Theynamed the building after the scientist.4由于，尽管高级用法，高中阶段掌握Afterfailing in the last two English tests,he made up his mind to spend more timeon English study.Afterall his efforts,John has failed.常见短语 介词短语Dayafter day日复一日；year after year年复一年；One after nother一个接一个地，相继；after alittle/mome

28、nt/while过了一会；after all毕竟，终究；after ones heart合的心；after service售后服务，after the fashion勉强(fe: Hecan speak and write English after a fashion他多少会说一些英语但不太好)；动词短语Look after照顾，照看；take after相像，长得像，效仿（John takes after hisdad）；ask after问候, be after寻求,do(sth.)after学着做，go after设法得到, inquire after问候, run after追求,

29、seek after追逐 9.along序号含义理解核心典型例句1顺着，沿着表具体：沿着具体物体的边缘Wewalked along the street.2顺着，沿着表抽象：沿着抽象事物的方向发展（该用法为along的副词用法）My life is going alongnicely常见短语1.Along with与一起(fe: The babys mother escaped from the fire along with two other children)；2.all along一直（fe: Ivebeen fooling myself all along）3.bring along

30、把带来，领来;使发展（Did youbring along some books?）4. come along 出现；沿着过来；加油；进展5. get on / along （with.）进展；相处10.among序号含义理解核心典型例句1在之中；在.中间表具体：三者或者三者以上之中Ifound him among the crowdPleasedivide the cake among you four表抽象Mostimportant among the countrys problems is the lack of health facilities.2之一相当于one of的功能Ein

31、steinis among the greatest scientists备注-among 与between的区别：三者与两者之间的区别。但在下列情况，between 可用于三者：(1) 当两个以上的人或物用and 连接时：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间；(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时：the difference between thethree of them 他们三者之间的区别the relations between variouscountries 各国之间的关系；(3) 表示“由于合作的结果”时：Between them they land

32、ed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide,share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后，若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时，用 among between 均可：He divided his money among between hisfive sons. 他把钱分给了5个儿子。11.as序号含义理解核心典型例句1作为，当作注意和as for的区别(as for为至于，关于)Donttreat me as a child;Ispeak now as a friend,not as a teacher.Asfor me, I dont mind going th

33、ere by train;2当时候，在同时as当“连词”时的用法Theplay started as I got there;AsI was a child,I liked singing very much3正如，就像Asyou can see,we are still working.因为，由于Wehave a very wonderful TV, but wehardlywatch itas we have so much houseworkto do.注1. As.as 像.一样 （fe: the little girl over there looks asbeautiful as

34、my daughter）;2. as long as只要(fe: As long as you can keep awayfrom them, youre safe)3. as a matter of fact adv. 事实上（fe: Im leaving for Beijingtomorrow, as a matter of fact.）4. as a whole adv. 总体上(fe: We must consider these mattersas a whole)5. as far as adv. 远到， 直到， 至于(6. As if 好象似的 仿佛一样7. as well as

35、 adv. 也，又8. as well 也 （fe: Water is colourless, air aswell）9. not so much.as. 与其说.不如说是.(fe: He isnot so much a writer as a reporter)10. such as 像， 例如；譬如；诸如（fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such asbread and milk, are tax-free）11. look on.as 把.看作.12. before序号含义理解核心典型例句1在以前；在前面；在之前表示时间Wehave to finish the wo

36、rk before 10 oclock.Hemade a speech before a lot of audienceHearrived before me.表示位置表示顺序2以前，以往（此时Before做副词）Shehad never been to Italy before3在以前（此时before做连词）Iwant to think it over before I decide aboutit常用短语1. before long 不久； （fe: I hope to see you again beforelong）2. long before很久以前 (fe: Weve seen

37、that film long before)13.behind序号含义理解核心典型例句1比晚；迟于表示时间Yourideas are behind the times;Hearrived ten minutes behind time.2在后面表示位置Hehide himself behind the tree.Thereis someone behind you.3落后于，低于，不如表抽象：表示力量、能力等Iam far behind you in EnglishJohnsbehind the rest of the class in reading.4支持；作为的后盾此时相当于suppor

38、t的作用Hehad his mother behind him.常用短语1.behindschedule 不准时2.behindthe times 过时的3.behindthe curtain 在幕后4.farbehind 在后面很远，把远远的甩在身后5.leftbehind 遗留，留下（被动语句中更常用）14.below序号含义理解核心典型例句1在以下具体：表示位置（below含某个水平线或水平面以下的意思，而under是某个物体以下）Dontwrite your answer below this line;Fishwere swimming below the surface of th

39、e water.2低于，在.以下表示年龄Hecant be below fifty.3表示能力、级别、价值、程度、数量等Heis below me in the class;Hisincome is below the average income in the area；Duringthe night,temperatures dropped below zero.15.beside序号含义理解核心典型例句1在旁边；在.附近表具体位置：表示地点Hesat beside her all night;Iwant to buy a beautiful beside the river.2和相比引申

40、用法(大学阶段掌握)Besidehis ,my trouble is nothing;Mywork condition looks poor beside hers短语Be beside oneself (with sth)因而忘形，失去控制I was beside myself with joy.16.besides序号含义理解核心典型例句1除.以外（还有）注意和except的区别（except 用来引出陈述中唯一不适用的事物、情形、人或想法，是从整体中除去；而besides只是特别强调而已）BesidesEnglish ,we have to study math,Chinese and

41、so on.Besidescancer, smoking can lead other diseasesSheis a nice girl except a bit ugly. Therewasnt anything in the box except a few dirty clothes2另外，再说（此时当副词）Idont like that new dictionary, besides, its too expensive17.between序号含义理解核心典型例句1在之间（两者）(常和and常用)具体：表示时间、位置、数量The lunch hour is between 11 an

42、d13pm;Shanxi province is between henanand gansuThe temperature is between 25degree and 30 all week2抽象：表示比较、分配、关系、性质等Whats the difference betweenwomen and man?They shared the chocolate betweenthe two of them;The relations between teachers andstudents are excellentMy job is between a secretary anda pe

43、rsonal assistant.18.beyond序号含义理解核心典型例句1在的那边；在以外；表示具体位置：在某物体的范围之外The airport is 20miles beyond thetown;What lies beyond the mountains?2超出，高于表示抽象的范围、限度等This book is beyond me;He is living beyond his income;The beauty of West Lake ia beyond words;The watch is damaged beyond repair3过了，比.晚，迟于表示时间He came

44、home beyond the usualtime;19.but序号含义理解核心典型例句1除了.；除了.之外She has no choice but to cry.2常用短语Not onlybut also 不但而且He not only studies hard but alsoworks well；Not only did he make a promise,but also he kept it（倒装）20.by序号含义理解核心典型例句1在.旁边，身边表示位置，相当于beside的意思只是by可以用于引申含义He stood by the window and lookout over

45、 the fields;I havent got any money by me.2到时候（为止，以前）表示时间(跟时间点)He is sure to come by 3 0clock.The homework need to be ready bynext Friday.3按； 以表示标准，度量，数量In America many workers were paidby the week;Dontjudge a man by his clothes/looks;The cotton crop has increased by25% this year4乘、靠、用、以、通过、被表示方法、方式、

46、手段等（海、陆、空、车、偶、被）by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路(航空，水陆，水路，乘公共汽车)；by chance 偶然by accident 偶然，无意中The law of relativity wasformulated by Einstein.I will contact you by letter/phone5相差表示程度（高级用法，大学阶段掌握）He missed the train by fiveminutes;He is taller than his father by 2centimeters动词短语1.call by 顺道访问；e by 从旁走过；3.go up by 上升到了4.go by(从旁)走过/经过；依照，遵循；顺便走访；5.pass by 经过6.stand by 支持（某人）；袖手旁观；7. 介词短语By and by 不久以后；By mistake由于差错导致；Day by day一天天地By oneself 独自地；By the way顺便问一句Little by little逐渐地，一点点地；One by one一个一个地；Side by side 肩并肩；Hand by hand手拉手Learn by heart记住