初升高暑假英语衔接课讲义：第十二讲M1U3词汇2（牛津译林）.docx

1、第十二讲 M1U3词汇2目标导航：1.熟识了解U3 Task& Project单词2.掌握Task& Project部分的基础知识3.通过自我检测做一些基础检查和巩固提高，提高认知能力 一、知识整合Language focus1. (Page 52) He is trying to find a gym membership he can afford. afford v. no passive (通常与can, could或be able to连用，尤用于否定句或疑问句)买得起；(有时间)做，能做【完成句子】(1) 她觉得再也抽不出时间歇班了。She felt _(2) 今年夏天我们没有足够

2、的钱去国外。We cant _2. (Page 52) We have some of the best equipment of any gym in the world equipment n. U 器材，设备 a useful piece of equipment_equip vt .( pt. _ pp. _) equip yourself/sb./sth. (with sth.) (for sth.)(1) 配备，装备 be fully/poorly equipped _ sb./sth. be equipped with 配备有,装备有(2) 使有所准备，使有能力 sb./sth.

3、 be equipped for 对有准备【完成句子】(1) 我们打算给这个房间装上空调。 Were going to _.(2) 此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。 The course is designed to _.【经典例题】Most students in our class prefer taking pains in our studies to _with a better education.A. equip B. equipping C. be equipped D. being equipped3. (Page 52) Wonder advice about getti

4、ng into shape. getting into shape _; 同义短语 _ out of shape _ 呈形状 _【积累】in/out of condition _ in/out of place _ in/out of order _ 控制住/失控 _ in/out of fashion _ in/out of sight _失业 _【经典例题】(1) Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay_.A. in place B. in orderC. in shap

5、eD. in fashion(2)The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home. A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place4. (Page 57) If it is any comfort to you, I have also put on some weight rec

6、ently put on的不同含义：(1) Justin took off his uniform and put on a sweater and trousers. _(2) Rose has put on five kilos since she quit smoking. _(3) Everyone began to dance when Shirley put on a record. _(4) Although she hated him, she put on a show of politeness. _(5) At the National Theatre, this dea

7、f actor put on a wonderful play last night._【拓展】put up put off put out _ put away_put aside _ put forward _ 忍受 _施压 _【经典例题】At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.A. put upB. put in C. put on D. put offProjectLanguage focus1. (Page 58, Lines 5-7) Diets

8、are useless in the long term, yet approximately 20% of teenagers say they have tried going on a diet and skipping meals to control their weight. in the long term 从长远角度看，在长期内(1)从长远的角度来看，这个计划会奏效的。_(2) 我们应该从长远角度考虑问题。_(3) 从眼前利益看，在短期内 _ yet conj. _ adv. _ (用于否定句或疑问句中)(1) 他有份好工作，可是却总是缺钱。_(2) 我还没收到他的来信。_ t

9、ry doing sth. _ try to do sth. _ 【积累】mean doing/to do _regret doing/to do _remember doing/to do _forget doing/to do _go on doing/to do _stop doing/to do _consider doing/to be _ cant help doing/(to) do _【经典例题】(1) I remembered _ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot _ (turn) off the lig

10、hts.(2) Even if we fail, we will not stop _ (try). (3) I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired.A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken skip vt. & vi. 跳 略过，不做(应该做的事)(1) 她经常不吃早饭。_(2) 他决定不去上下午的课。_2. (Page 58, Lines 17-18) Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. count

11、 v. 数，计算；有价值，有重要性；认可，有效【典型例句】 First impressions do count. _ Dont count chickens before they are hatched. _【用法提示】 count on/upon _【经典例题】(1) Will 200 _? Im afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.A. countB. satisfyC. fitD. do(2) Surely it doesnt matter where the student associations get their mone

12、y from; what _ is what they do with it.A. counts B. appliesC. stressesD. functions (3) The manager says he needs an assistant that he can _ to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence.A. count in B. count forC. count onD. count out and so do school sports. 校内体育活动也如此。(1) So + 助动词/系动词/情态动词

13、 + 主语：表示上述肯定情况也适用于该句主语。 He worked in the company. So did I.她会说一点日语，我也会一点。 She can speak a little Japanese, _.这部电影我已看过两遍，我姐姐也是。 I have seen the film twice, _.(2) Neither /Nor +助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语：表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。Rose isnt going to the concert tonight. Neither / Nor are her classmates.我没去过纽约。他也没去过。 I h

14、avent been to New York. _.我明天不上学。你也不上。 I will not go to school tomorrow. _.(3) So + 主语 + 助动词/系动词/情态动词：表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，前后主语一致。 Jenny is always hardworking. So she is.She worked out the answer all alone. So she did (她 的确算出来了).(4) 当前面的句子中既有肯定又有否定，或者助动词不同，或者涉及多方面情况时，用句型So it is with 或It is the same with 表

15、示“另一人/物也一样”。Tom is in Class Ten and his classroom is on the third floor. It is the same with Mary.Jane is clever but doesnt work hard. _ (她哥哥也是).【经典例题】(1) The soil is a part of the earth, and _ the atmosphere. A. as it is B. so it is C. the same is D. so is(2) If Joes wife doesnt go to the party, _.

16、A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will(3) You ought to have recited the text yesterday. _. But I forgot all when asked to recite in front of so many students. A. So I ought to B. So I did C. So did ID. So ought I(4) I like football. I dont like volleyball. _.A. So

17、do I B. Neither do IC. The same with meD. So it is with me(5) Father, you promised! Well, _. But it was you who didnt keep your word first. A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did3. (Page 58, Lines 19-22) Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise, your body produces some c

18、hemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate when you study. concentrate vt. & vi. 集中（注意力，思想等） concentration n. concentrate (ones mind/attention) on sth. = focus/fix (ones mind/attention) on sth.(1) _ (集中更多的注意力在工作上), or you will be fired.(2) I _ (无法集中注意力学

19、习) because of the noise.4. (Page 58, Line 24) A good amount of sleep every night is also important for your health. amount用作名词，意为“数量，金额，总额”，通常用于 an amount of, a great/large amount of, amounts of这类结构中，其后通常接不可数名词。 注意：an amount of, a great/large amount of, amounts of 修饰名词用作主语，其谓语的数取决于amount的数。在这座桥上花了大量

20、资金。A large amount of money _ spent on the bridge. (be)Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge. (be)5. (Page 58, Lines 28-29) If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much better in no time at all! in no time_ at one time _ at a time _at times_ at all times _ at no time _【完成句子

21、】(1) Thetideis,_,veryhigh.(2) Weshouldbeready_towipeoutanyenemywhodarestocome.(3) Weweregoodfriends_,butarentnow.(4) The Gemini program would send two astronauts (宇航员) _ into space.(5) _shouldyougiveupstudying.二、专题指津单词拼写1. Parents should teach their children to behave p_ in public.2. I cant c_ with

22、all that noise going on.3. Its not how much you read but what you read that c_.4. China is the worlds most populous country with a population of 1.1, which makes up a_ a quarter of the world population.5. Mr. Smith works in an executive (行政的) b_ of the government.单项选择1. Father, you promised! Well, _

23、. But it was you who didnt keep your first place. A. so was IB. so did I C. so I was D. so I did2. Tod hadnt passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded. _. A. So Jim wasB. So was JimC. Its the same with Jim D. Neither had Jim3. As a senior high school student, you should _ your energy on how to

24、 master the skills of learning. A. spendB. useC. concentrate D. change4. Elephants are the most popular animals in the zoo in China; _ they play an important role in everyday life in some countries. A. as usualB. as a matter of factC. as a result D. in a word5. While we are busy making a living, our

25、 bodies are getting , and its time to do more exercise. A. out of dateB. out of controlC. out of touch D. out of shape6. With so many forms to fill in, many students feel _before the 2014 national college entrance examination. A. at a lossB. at leastC. at risk D. at ease7. I think that you might hav

26、e got burnt in the big fire last weekend. Well, I _ did. A. mostlyB. mostC. almost D. hardly8. The college entrance examination is just around the corner. Quite right. Every minute seems to _ for me. A. valueB. affectC. count D. mean9. Do you think Peter is free today? I dont think so. Recently he h

27、as been _ the most of his time to prepare for the final examinations. A. makingB. planningC. using D. getting三、自我检测阅读下面十个句子, 在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Great Wall of China is more than 6,000 kilometres long. It winds 1 (it) way from west to cast, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys 2 at

28、 last it reaches the sea. The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it 3 (build) during the Spring and Autumn period. During the Qin Dynasty, 4 (keep) the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls 5 (join) up. Thus, the Great Wall came into being

29、. The Great Wall is wide enough at 6 top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. Along the wall are watchtowers, 7 soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on the towers as a 8 (warn) when the enemy came.It was 9 (extreme)difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any mod

30、ern machines. All the work was done 10 hand. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.AAre you looking for something to do? You might like to try one of these four experiences.C

31、rocodile watchingDo you fancy getting up close to some of the most terrifying animals on earth? Crocosaurus Cove, in Darwin (Australia) has the “Cage of Death”. Its an enclosure thats lowered into a pool. This gives you a 360 degree view of a crocodile as its being fed. The cable broke once and the

32、cage sank to the bottom, but theyve fixed it since then.Edge walkHow about walking along the edge of a building several hundred meters up in the air? If that sounds like fun, head off to the CN Tower in Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Built in 1976, the tower is 553.33 meters tall.The Edge walk consists

33、of a 20-30 minute stroll along a 1.5 meter wide platform that runs around the towers restaurant roof. During the walk, youre encouraged to lean forwards as you look over Torontos skyline (轮廓线).Plastic ball rollingDo you fancy rolling down a hill in a plastic ball?Plastic ball rolling is popular all

34、over the world, but the place to give it a go is in Rotorua (New Zealand). Brother David and Andrew Akers came up with the idea in 1994. A typical orb (球) is about 3 meters in diameter, with an inner orb size of about 2 meters. Theres no brake or steering mechanism, but the inner layer of the plasti

35、c ball helps absorb the shock.Volcano bungee jumpingIf youre looking for the adventure of a lifetime, how about going bungee jumping off a helicopter into the crater of a live volcano? As part of the jumping, a helicopter ride takes you to the Villarreal volcano, one of the most active in Chile. Onc

36、e youre at the drop zone, you leap off the helicopter and fall into the volcano. Finally, you enjoy the ride back to the airport flying at 130kph.Attracted by the above? If so, please contact us. Only half price from March 22 to April 25th For more information, please click here.1. According to the

37、passage, there was an accident once when people _.A. jumped into the Villarreal volcanoB. walked along the platform of the CN TowerC. rolled down a hill in a plastic ball in RotoruaD. watched crocodiles in the “Cage of Death” in Darwin2. Which of the following was first invented in New Zealand?A. Ed

38、ge walk. B. Crocodile watching.C. Plastic ball rolling. D. Volcano bungee jumping.3. It can be inferred that all the four experiences are _. A. interesting sports B. exciting and extremeC. held on high places D. fit for middle to old peopleBIt was a cold winter day. A woman drove up to the Rainbow B

39、ridge tollbooth (收费站). “Im paying for myself, and for the six cars behind me,” she said with a smile, handing over seven tickets. One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed, “Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith,

40、had read something on a friends refrigerator: “Practice random(随意的，随机的) kindness and aimless acts of beauty.” The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home. When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and dro

41、ve all the way back to copy it down. “I thought it was beautiful,” she said, explaining why shed taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters, “like a message from above.” Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students, one of whom was t

42、he daughter of Alice Johnson, a local news reporter. Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didnt know where it came from or what it really meant.Two days later, Alice got a call from Anne Herbert, a woman living in Marin. It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the ph

43、rase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.“Heres the idea,” Anne says. “Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly.” Her fantasies (imagination) include painting the classrooms of poor schools, leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of

44、town, and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”The acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid, who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. Like all gre

45、at events, kindness begins slowly, with every single act. Let it be yours!1. Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?A. She knew the car drivers well.B. She wanted to show kindness.C. She hoped to please others.D. She had seven tickets.2. Who came up with the phrase according to the pa

46、ssage?A. Judy Foreman. B. Natalie Smith.C. Alice Johnson. D. Anne Herbert.3. Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence above?A. Kindness and violence can change the world.B. Kindness and violence can affect ones behavior.C. Kindness and violence can repro

47、duce themselves.D. Kindness and violence can shape ones character.4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. People should practice random kindness to those in need.B. People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.C. People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.D

48、. People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.参考答案1. (Page 52) He is trying to find a gym membership he can afford. afford v. no passive (通常与can, could或be able to连用，尤用于否定句或疑问句)买得起；(有时间)做，能做【练一练】(1) 她觉得再也抽不出时间歇班了。She felt she couldnt afford any time off work.(2) 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外

49、。We cant afford to go abroad this summer.2. (Page 52) We have some of the best equipment of any gym in the world, equipment n. U 器材，设备 a useful piece of equipment 一件有用的设备equip vt. ( pt. equipped pp. equipped) equip yourself/sb./sth. (with sth.) (for sth.)(1) 配备，装备 be fully/poorly equipped 装备齐全/简陋 Sb

50、./sth. be equipped with 配备有,装备有(2) 使有所准备，使有能力 sb./sth. be equipped for 对有准备【练一练】(1) 我们打算给这个房间装上空调。Were going to equip the room with air-conditioning.(2) 此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.(3) Most students in our class prefer taking pains in our studies

51、 to _ with a better education.A. equip B. equipping C. be equipped D. being equipped答案：C3. (Page 52) Wonder advice about getting into shape. getting into shape 强身健体; 同义短语 be in shape out of shape 身材变形；身体不适 呈形状 in the shape of 【积累】in/out of condition 状态或身体好/不好 in/out of place 在合适/不合适的地方 in/out of ord

52、er 秩序或顺序好/乱in/out of control 控制住/失控 in/out of fashion 时尚的/过时了 in/out of sight 在视线内/外out of work 失业【练一练】(1) Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay _.A. in placeB. in orderC. in shapeD. in fashion(2) The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits

53、 modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home. A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place答案：C D4. (Page 57) If it is any comfort to you, I have also put on some weight recently put on的不同含义：(1) Justin took off his uniform and put on a sweater a

54、nd trousers. 穿上，戴上(2) Rose has put on five kilos since she quit smoking.增加(3) Everyone began to dance when Shirley put on a record. 播放(4) Although she hated him, she put on a show of politeness. 假装，装出(5) At the National Theatre, this deaf actor put on a wonderful play last night.上演【拓展】put up举起，张贴，挂上

55、 put off 推延 put out 扑灭（火） put away 收拾，存放put aside 搁置一旁，储存（钱或时间） put forward 提出 忍受put up with 施压put pressure on 【练一练】At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.A. put upB. put in C. put on D. put off答案：BProjectLanguage focus1. (Page 58, Lines 5-7) Diets ar

56、e useless in the long term, yet approximately 20% of teenagers say they have tried going on a diet and skipping meals to control their weight. in the long term 从长远角度看，在长期内(1) 从长远的角度来看，这个计划会奏效的。In the long term, the plan will work.(2) 我们应该从长远角度考虑问题。We should consider it in the long term.(3) 从眼前利益看，在短

57、期内 in the short term yet conj. 然而，但是 adv. 还，已经 (用于否定句或疑问句中)(1) 他有份好工作，却总是缺钱。He has a splendid job, yet he is always short of money.(2) 我还没收到他的来信。I havent heard from him yet. try doing sth. 尝试干某事 try to do sth. 尽力干某事 【积累】mean doing/to do 意味着做某事 / 打算做某事 regret doing/to do 后悔做过某事 / 遗憾地要做某事remember doin

58、g/to do 记得做过某事 / 记得要去做某事forget doing/to do 忘记做过某事 / 忘记要做某事go on doing/to do 继续做同一件事 / 继续做另一件事stop doing/to do 停止做某事 / 停下来做另一件事consider doing/to be 考虑做某事 / 认为是 cant help doing/(to) do 情不自禁做某事 / 不能帮着做某事【练一练】(1) I remembered to lock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn (turn) of

59、f the lights.(2) Even if we fail, we will not stop trying. (try) (3) I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken答案：C skip vt. & vi. 跳 略过，不做(应该做的事)(1) 她经常不吃早饭。She often skips breakfast.(2) 他决定不去上下午的课。He decided to skip class in the afternoon.2. (Page 58

60、, Lines 17-18) Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. count v. 数，计算；有价值，有重要性；认可，有效【典型例句】 First impressions do count. 第一印象的确重要。 Dont count chickens before they are hatched. 别过早打如意算盘。【用法提示】 count on/upon 依靠，指望【练一练】(1) Will200 _? Im afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.A.

61、countB. satisfyC. fitD. do(2) Surely it doesnt matter where the student associations get their money from; what _ is what they do with it.B. counts B. appliesC. stressesD. functions (3) The manager says he needs an assistant that he can _ to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence.B. co

62、unt in B. count forC. count onD. count out答案：D A C and so do school sports. 校内体育活动也算。(1) So + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语：表示上述肯定情况也适用于该句主语。 He worked in the company. So did I.她会说一点日语，我也会一点。 She can speak a little Japanese, and so can I.这部电影我已看过两遍，我姐姐也是。I have seen the film twice, and so has my sister.(2) Neit

63、her /Nor +助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语：表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。Rose isnt going to the concert tonight. Neither / Nor are her classmates.我没去过纽约。他也没去过。 I havent been to New York. Neither has he.我明天不上学。你也不上。 I will not go to school tomorrow. Nor will you.(3) So + 主语 + 助动词/系动词/情态动词：表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，前后主语一致。 Jenny is always h

64、ardworking. So she is.She worked out the answer all alone. So she did (她的确算出来了).(4) 当前面的句子中既有肯定又有否定，或者助动词不同，或者涉及多方面情况时，用句型So it is with 或It is the same with 表示“另一人/物也一样”。Tom is in Class Ten and his classroom is on the third floor. It is the same with Mary.Jane is clever but doesnt work hard. So it i

65、s with her brother./ It is the same with her brother (她哥哥也是).【练一练】(1) The soil is a part of the earth, and _ the atmosphere. A. as it is B. so it is C. the same is D. so is(2) If Joes wife doesnt go to the party, _.A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will(3) You ough

66、t to have recited the text yesterday. _. But I forgot all when asked to recite in front of so many students. A. So I ought to B. So I did C. So did ID. So ought I(4) I like football. I dont like volleyball. _.A. So do I B. Neither do IC. The same with meD. So it is with me(5) Father, you promised! W

67、ell, _. But it was you who didnt keep your word first. A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did答案：D B B B D3. (Page 58, Lines 19-22) Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise, your body produces some chemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed and increase your abilit

68、y to concentrate when you study. concentrate vt. & vi. 集中（注意力，思想等） concentration n. concentrate (ones mind/attention) on sth. = focus/fix (ones mind/attention) on sth.(1) Concentrate more on your work (集中更多的注意力在工作上), or you will be fired.(2) I cant concentrate on study (无法集中注意力学习) because of the noi

69、se.4. (Page 58, Line 24) A good amount of sleep every night is also important for your health. amount用作名词，意为“数量，金额，总额”，通常用于 an amount of, a great/large amount of, amounts of这类结构中，其后通常接不可数名词。 注意：an amount of, a great/large amount of, amounts of 修饰名词用作主语，其谓语的数取决于amount的数。在这座桥上花了大量资金。A large amount of

70、money was spent on the bridge.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.5. (Page 58, Lines 28-29) If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much better in no time at all! in no time立刻，马上 at one time 曾经 at a time 每次，一次at times有时，间或 at all times一直，始终 at no time 决不【练一练】用以上短语填空(1

71、) Thetideis,attimes,veryhigh.(2) Weshouldbereadyatalltimestowipeoutanyenemywhodarestocome.(3) Weweregoodfriendsatonetime,butarentnow.(4) The Gemini program would send two astronauts (宇航员) at a time into space.(5) Atnotimeshouldyougiveupstudying.【巩固练习】一、单词拼写1. Parents should teach their children to b

72、ehave properly in public.2. I cant concentrate with all that noise going on.3. Its not how much you read but what you read that counts.4. China is the worlds most populous country with a population of 1.3 billion, which makes up approximately a quarter of the world population.5. Mr. Smith works in a

73、n executive (行政的) branch of the government.二、单项选择1. Father, you promised! Well, _. But it was you who didnt keep your first place. A. so was IB. so did I C. so I was D. so I did2. Tod hadnt passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded. _. A. So Jim wasB. So was JimC. Its the same with Jim D. Neit

74、her had Jim3. As a senior high school student, you should _ your energy on how to master the skills of learning. A. spendB. useC. concentrate D. change4. Elephants are the most popular animals in the zoo in China; _ they play an important role in everyday life in some countries. A. as usualB. as a m

75、atter of factC. as a result D. in a word5. While we are busy making a living, our bodies are getting , and its time to do more exercise. A. out of dateB. out of controlC. out of touch D. out of shape6. With so many forms to fill in, many students feel _before the 2014 national college entrance exami

76、nation. A. at a lossB. at leastC. at risk D. at ease7. I think that you might have got burnt in the big fire last weekend. Well, I _ did. A. mostlyB. mostC. almost D. hardly8. The college entrance examination is just around the corner. Quite right. Every minute seems to _ for me. A. valueB. affectC.

77、 count D. mean9. Do you think Peter is free today? I dont think so. Recently he has been _ the most of his time to prepare for the final examinations. A. makingB. planningC. using D. getting答案：BCCBD ACCC自我检测【解析】考查词汇和语法运用能力。1考查形容词性物主代词。wind ones way意为“曲折蜿蜒”，故这里填its。2句意：它自西向东，穿过沙漠，越过山脉，通过山谷曲折蜿蜒，（直到）最后

78、到达海洋。根据句意可知，上下句是并列关系，故填till/until/and。3句意：它的第一部分在春秋时期建造。根据语意可知，长城是被建造的，春秋时期是过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故这里填was built。4考查不定式作状语。句意：在秦朝，为了阻止敌人入侵，秦始皇命人把所有城墙连接起来。这里用不定式作目的状语，故填to keep。5考查固定用法。have something done“使被做”（别人做），这里秦始皇命人把所有城墙连接起来，符合语境，故填joined。6考查冠词。at the top“在顶部”，这里用定冠词指在长城的上面。句意：长城的顶部足够宽可供5只马或者10个人并排走。故这里用the。7考查定语从句关系词。句意：一路上都是眺望塔，士兵们过去站岗的地方。这里构造非限制性定语从句，用where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。8句意：当敌人来时，塔上会点火作为警报。这里需要用名词，warning“警告，警报，预兆”。9句意：在古代，没有任何现代化的机器，建造这样的城墙是非常困难的。这里用副词extremely修饰形容词difficult，故这里填extremely。10句意：所有工作都是手工完成。by hand“手工，用手的，亲自的”。故填by。阅读理解答案31-33 DCB 34-37 BDCB