备考2024届高考英语一轮复习考点通关 第二部分 学透语法 基础词法篇 专题一 冠词、代词、介词、并列连词 考点三 介词.docx

1、考点三介词一、表示时间的介词at表示在某一时刻at 2 oclock 表示在进餐时间at breakfast/lunch/supper 表示在一天中的某个时间点at midnightat dawnat sunsetat nightfallon表示在特定的某一天on Tuesdayon New Years Day表示在某一天的或某种类型的早晨、中午或晚上on a cold nighton the morning of July 15用于on动词-ing/动作名词结构on arriving/on his arrival at the hotelfor表示长达（时间），后接时间段，常与完成时连用Sh

2、e has been ill for two days.from表示从开始，后接时间点，多用于from.to/till/until.结构You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.since表示自以来，后接时间点，常与完成时连用We have known each other since 2008.before表示在之前，与after相对Please come before ten oclock. by表示不迟于，在之前Ill have it done by tomorrow.until （till）表示直到为止，在肯定句中常与延续性动词连用You m

3、ust wait until/till tomorrow.在否定句中常与非延续性动词连用I didnt go to bed until 12 oclock. in表示在之后或在之内，in时间段常与将来时连用Ill come to see you again in a few days.after表示在之后，可用于过去时和将来时Well leave after lunch.They arrived after 5 p.m.within表示在之内，强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一段时间I can finish it within an hour.during表示在期间，指整个时间段或一段时间内的某个

4、时候，有时可与in互换What did she say during/in my absence？through表示自始至终，指整个时间段They worked through the night.over表示在吃（或喝）的时候，强调间隙We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.表示在期间，可与during互换Will you be home over/during the summer vacation？ In November 2020， Marshall saw a person lying in the street after being hi

5、t by a car.The store， on every agreed day， will pack the food well and send it to the customers home. From mid-March to mid-April every year is the best time to enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms.More than 50，000 ancient artifacts have been found at Sanxingdui since the 1920s， when a local farmer a

6、ccidentally came upon a number of relics at the site.It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.A company says it has created a new battery that people can fully charge in/within just five minutes. This is the same amount of time it takes to fill a tank of petrol. On Tuesday morning， S

7、hen Dong was about to walk into the bank when he spotted something falling down from a building across the street.2021北京，14While riding his bike home on a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.二、表示地点或方位的介词at其后一般接小地方，接地名时，常将此地视为空间的一点He arrived at the f

8、amous town in Jiangsu at dusk.on表示两地接壤Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi； Fujian lies to the south of Jiangsu and all of them are in China.to表示两地的相对位置，不接壤in其后一般接大地方或表示在某个范围之内off表示（时空上）离，距He lives on an island off the coast.on表示在上，强调两个物体表面相接触There is a glass on the table， a map of the world on the w

9、all， and a clock above the map.above表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，反义词是belowover表示在某物的正上方，反义词是underThere is a lamp hanging over the desk， and under it is a waste-paper basket.along表示沿着某一路径在水平方向上行进I saw them running along the road.through意为穿过，表示从内部空间通过They walked across the square and then through the dark forest

10、.across表示横穿，强调从某一物体的表面横过He ran across the zebra crossing（斑马线）， rushing into the shop across the street.表示在对面by/past意为经过，表示从某人/某物的旁边经过He walked by/past me without speaking.between表示在之间（指两者），常和and连用；也可指三者或三者以上的每两者之间的相互关系和差别I sat down between Jo and Diana.The boy has already known the difference betwee

11、n gases， solids and liquids.among表示在之间（指三者或三者以上的同类事物，或笼统的一群人或一些物之间）I found the letter among his papers.The erhu is similar to the violin， but there are many significant differences between them.When we first arrive in a different country， everything about the new culture is strange and exciting.2020

12、全国，70The artist was finally humbled（谦卑） by the greatest artist on earth， Mother Nature.2020浙江，56Some time after 10，000 BC， people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in， through agriculture.三、表示工具或手段的介词by表示靠手段，用方法，凭借，后可接名词、代词或动词-ingWe can realize our dreams by working hard. b

13、y表示交通工具的名词表示交通方式，此时名词前不加冠词by bike/bus/train/plane/shipby表示水、陆、空的名词表示交通方式by water/sea/land/airwith表示用，使用（某种工具、物品或材料等），所接名词前应加冠词、形容词性物主代词等限定词We see with our eyes， hear with our ears， and walk with our legs.in表示使用（某种语言、材料等）The book was written in Chinese.on表示通过，使用，借助于She learns English on the radio/on

14、TV.Nowadays many people travel across China by means of high-speed trains， and the rail traffic is quite busy especially during festivals.In India， for example， most people traditionally eat with their hands.四、表示原因或理由的介词for常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或动词连用，如famous，known，praise，punish等Xian is famous for its high

15、 status in the long history.at常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词（如angry，delighted等）连用，表示产生这种情感的原因He was surprised at the news.with常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用，表示因为某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为He shouted loudly with anger.from表示伤、病或事故等原因She felt sick from tiredness.of多用于表示自身的原因；也常用于某些与情感相关的形容词后Her friend died of cancer.His father is proud

16、of him.The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.The number of road accidents and the deaths resulting from those accidents has increased over the past years.五、表示范围的介词（短语）besides除之外（还），除去的部分也包括在整体之内There are three more visitors besides me.除我之外，还有三位访客。except除之外，除去的部分不包括在整体之内，一般表

17、示同类之间的关系You can take any of the apples except this one.除了这个，你可以拿走这些苹果中的任何一个。except for除之外，用于引出细节以修正或补充句子的主要意思The roads were empty except for a few cars.除了几辆小汽车，马路上空荡荡的。apart from具有多重意义，既可代替besides，也可代替except for或exceptApart from（Except for） the kitchen， the house is very nice.这座房子除了厨房，哪儿都很好。六、常见的介词短

18、语1.at构成的短语at first起先，首先at last 最后at once立刻at work在工作；起作用at the age of在岁时at the end of在末尾at the foot of在脚下at the same time同时at a loss困惑，不知所措2.by构成的短语by chance碰巧by design故意地by force用武力by hand手工by nature天生地by the way顺便提一下by oneself独自地3.beyond构成的短语beyond description无法形容beyond control无法控制beyond ones reac

19、h够不着beyond ones understanding无法理解4.in构成的短语in advance事先，预先in case如果，万一in charge主管，掌管in common共有，共同in comfort舒适地in conclusion最后in despair绝望地in detail详细地in doubt不确定in effect实际上；有效in fact事实上in general 大体上in need在贫困中in order正常，妥当in return作为回报in no way决不in peace平静地，安宁地in short 简言之；总之in place在正确位置，准备妥当；准备就

20、绪in sight看得见in turn依次；转而in vain徒劳5.on构成的短语on display陈列，展出on holiday在度假on leave在休假on sale出售；减价出售on time准时on average平均on behalf of代表on the contrary与此相反6.under构成的短语under consideration在考虑中under construction在建设中under pressure承受着压力7.out of构成的短语out of balance失去平衡out of breath喘不上气out of control失去控制out of da

21、te过时的out of order出故障out of place不适当；位置不当out of the question不可能out of reach够不着out of sight看不见out of style不时髦的out of touch失去联系out of work失业8.in名词其他介词结构in case of以防in celebration of 庆祝in charge of 负责，主管in course of在的过程中in front of 在前面in favour of 赞同，支持in fear of担心，害怕in memory of为纪念in need of 需要in place

22、 of代替in possession of 拥有in praise of 赞美in respect of 关于，就而言in search of寻找in spite of 不管，尽管in support of支持in terms of就而言in view of 鉴于，考虑到in honour of为向表示敬意in exchange for 作为的交换 in preparation for 为做准备in return for 作为对的回报in reward for 作为的报酬in addition to 除之外in response to 回答，响应in contrast to与形成对比 in h

23、armony with 与协调in touch with 和接触；和有联系9.其他介词短语due to/owing to/thanks to/on account of/as a result of/because of因为instead of 代替，而不是regardless of 不顾，不管ahead of 在的前面；领先于according to 根据next to 紧挨着along with 与一起together with 连同rather than 而不是but for 要不是for fear of唯恐up to 直到；由决定The book describes in detail

24、 the process of planting tea plants， harvesting tea leaves， and preparing for tea making.The store was renamed Shakespeare and Company in 1964 in honour of a bookseller he admired， Sylvia Beach.2021天津3月，5Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning， rather than just depending on the

25、 teacher.Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact with someone who shares your interests.七、动词/名词/形容词与介词的常见搭配1.动词介词类搭配动词动词aboutcare， dream， talk， think， worry等动词ataim， glare， glance， knock， laugh， look， point， shout， stare等动词forcall， care， hunt， long， look， pay， search， stand， wait， allow等动

26、词frombenefit， date， differ， hear， recover， result， suffer等动词inbelieve， hand， join， lie， participate， result等动词ofapprove， be， complain， consist， die， dream， think等动词oncall， carry， concentrate， depend， focus， insist， rely等动词toappeal， attend， belong， contribute， lead， refer， respond等动词asserve， work， ac

27、t等2.名词介词类搭配名词名词fordesire， reason， sympathy等名词infaith， interest， confidence等名词oneffect， impact， influence等名词toaccess， answer， key， approach， attitude， devotion， solution等3.形容词介词类搭配形容词形容词aboutanxious， careful， curious， particular， serious， sorry， worried等形容词atangry， good/bad， disappointed， surprised等形

28、容词inabsorbed， experienced， interested， involved等形容词foreager， famous， fit， prepared， ready， responsible， sorry， thankful等形容词fromabsent， different等形容词ofafraid， ashamed， aware， fond， proud， short， tired， worthy等形容词toclose， contrary， equal， familiar， opposite， polite， relative， similar等形容词withbusy， cont

29、ent， patient， pleased， associated， satisfied等4.常见的动词名词/代词介词类短语搭配动词动词sb./sth.ofsth.accuse， cheat， cure， inform， remind， rob， warn， suspect， persuade， convince等动词sb./sth.forsth.blame， criticize， forgive， excuse， pardon， punish， scold， thank， praise， respect， admire等动词sb./sth.from（doing） sth.prevent， s

30、top， keep， protect， preserve， defend， ban， prohibit， shelter等其他take care of照顾take advantage of利用take control of控制take part in参加pay attention to注意contribute.to.向捐赠/贡献devote oneself to致力于，专心于devote.to.把用于expose.to.使遭受；使接触；向显露provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物An exhibition which opened o

31、n August 30 in Xian displayed 121 colored terracotta relics（遗物）， dating from the Qin dynasty.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.Undoubtedly， excessive gaming is purely a waste of time and energy and has a negative effect

32、on both physical and mental health.2020全国，67Bamboo plants are associated with health， abundance and a happy home.1.In Chinese history， writing brushes（毛笔） served as an essential tool for cultural heritage.2.The Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival falls on the Autumnal Equinox（秋分） each year.3.Woodcarvin

33、g serves practical purposes and at the same time is of decorative value.4.Unlike the modern dam， where the water is blocked with a huge wall， Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally， making the ecosystem and fish populations exist in peace.5.Because native plants are or

34、iginal to the ecosystem， they provide the best habitats for local insects， birds and other animals.6.Restaurants of considerable sizes may have fully prepared more than a hundred refreshments for customers to choose from.7.Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.