全国通用2022高考英语二轮复习第三部分专题一第1课时拨云见日_巧解事实细节类题目练习.docx

1、专题一 第1课时 拨云见日-巧解事实细节类题目题组一体验真题Passage 1体裁：应用文话题：语言学习词数：289时间：6(2022安徽卷，A)Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.Electronic Village Program (Thursday，June 18，2022)Nearpod9：00 am to 10：00 am Room 501Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich cont

2、ext (语境) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it.TEO2：00 pm to 3：00 pmRoom 502Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teac

3、hing on-line with TEO.Kahoot10：30 am to 11：30 amRoom 601Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.Prezi3：30 pm to 4：20 pmRoom 602Uses of Prezi in lis

4、tening and speaking courses draw students attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics，including introducing family，friends，and hobbies.【语篇解读】该篇文章是一篇广告。主要介绍了探索语言教学和学习的新方法。电子村提供了四种形式： Nearpod、Kahoot、TEO、Prezi供大家选

5、择。1.Nearpod can be used to_.A.offer grammar testsB.teach listening on-lineC.help vocabulary learningD.gain fluency in speaking答案C考查细节理解。由learn vocabulary可知。2.If you want to improve your speaking skills，you can go to_.A.Room 501 B.Room 502C.Room 601D.Room 602答案D考查细节理解。由draw students attention to spea

6、king more fluently可知。3.Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?A.Nearpod. B.Kahoot.C.TEO. D.Prezi.答案B考查细节理解。由grammar tests可知。4.A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by_.A.9：00 am B.10：30 amC.2：00 pm D.3：30 pm答案C考查细节理解。由begin teaching online with TEO可知，TE

7、O的嘉宾将使用例子来解释如何进行网络教学，时间是下午两点到三点。Passage 2体裁：科普文话题：太空探索词数：390时间：7(2022湖北卷，D)The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside

8、the sleeping bag.If you leave your arm out，they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.“Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”On the station，the o

9、rdinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，its just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying i

10、n one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes wha

11、t happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks youre falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoyingthats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of daystruly terrible days for someastronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky sig

12、nals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance，astronauts lose bone mass.Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday sch

13、edule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home，and，more importantly，how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that i

14、t would take to make a roundtrip to Mars.【语篇解读】在太空中生活常常有奇奇怪怪的事情。睡姿、自行车无座无把、二氧化碳头疼等。5.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A.Deciding on a proper sleep position.B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.D.Finding a right time to go to s

15、leep.答案A细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，在睡觉时到底把手放在睡袋里还是睡袋外，即确定睡姿，选A。6.The astronauts will suffer from a carbondioxide headache when _.A.they circle around on their bikesB.they use microcomputers without a stopC.they exercise in one place for a long timeD.they watch a movie while pedaling答案C细节理解题。第三段第五句staying in on

16、e place too long可知，如果在同一个地方待太长时间，呼出二氧化碳，趋向在头上形成隐形的云，从而引起二氧化碳性头疼。可知选C。7.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _.A.their senses stop workingB.they have to stand up straight C.they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD.their brains receive contradictory messages答案D

17、细节理解题。由第四段可知，内耳认为你要倒下，而眼睛告诉你在直立。即：大脑接收到了恰恰相反的信息。选D。8.One of NASAs major concerns about astronauts is _.A.how much exercise they do on the stationB.how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC.whether they can recover after returning home D.whether they are able to go back to the station 答案B细节理解题。由

18、第五段提示词more importantly可知，人们主要关心的是在飞往火星来回两年半或更多时间如何保存体力和保持健康。因此选B。Passage 3体裁：说明文话题：文化传承词数：320时间：6(2022新课标全国卷，D)As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6，0007，000 languages spoken around the

19、world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizationsUNESCO and National Geographic among themhave for many years been documenting dyi

20、ng languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that_tradition.His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the

21、Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan

22、，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materialsincluding photographs，films，tape recordings，and field noteswhich had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care an

23、d protection.Now，through the two organizations that he has foundedthe Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature ProjectTurin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of comm

24、unities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.【语篇解读】本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。9.Many scholars are making efforts to _.A.promote

25、global languagesB.rescue disappearing languagesC.search for language communitiesD.set up language research organizations答案B事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“In an effort to prevent.they reflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。10.What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Having full records of the languages.B.Writing book

26、s on language teaching.C.Telling stories about language users.D.Living with the native speakers.答案A词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“But he is not content.without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。11.What is Turins book based on?A.The cultural studies in India.B.The documents available at Yale.C.His language r

27、esearch in Bhutan.D.His personal experience in Nepal.答案D事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“.grows out of his experience living，looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故选D。12.Which of the following best describes Turins work?A.Write，sell and donate.B.Record，repair and reward.C.Collect

28、，protect and reconnect.D.Design，experiment and report.答案C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom.collected”和“Turin notes the endangered languages.speech communities.”可知，Turin的工作是“收集，保护和使再接合”，故选C。Passage 4体裁：应用文话题：地铁指南词数：262时间：5(2022新课标全国卷，D)Metro Pocket GuideMetrorail(地铁)Each passenger n

29、eeds a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $ 5 in change.Get one day of unlimited M

30、etrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9：30 a.m.until closing on weekdays，and all day on weekends and holidays.Hours_of_serviceOpen：5 a.m Mon.Fri.7 a.m.Sat.Sun.Close：midnight Sun.Thurs.3 a.m.Fri.Sat.nightsLast train times vary.To avoid(避免)mis

31、sing the last train，please check the last train times posted in stations.MetrobusWhen paying with exact change，the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip card，the fare is $1.25.Fares_for_senior_/disabled_customers Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular f

32、are.On Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，SmarTrip card and passes，please visit MetroOpens D or call 2026377000 and 2026378000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use prope

33、r Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 2029621100.Travel_tips(提示)Avoid riding during weekday rush periodsbefore 9：30 a.m.and between 4 and 6 p.m.If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost & Found at 2029621195.【语篇解读】本文题目为地铁袖珍指南。文中详细介绍了一些地铁站的信息。13.What should you k

34、now about farecard machines?A.They start selling tickets at 9：30 a.m.B.They are connected to change machines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than $5.答案D事实细节题。根据文章第二段“There are no change machines.up to $5 in change”可知D项正确。14.At what time does Metrorail stop

35、service on Saturday?A.At midnight B.At 3 a.m.C.At 5 a.m. D.At 7 p.m.答案B事实细节题。根据“Hours of service”中的信息“Close：midnight SunThurs；3a.m.FriSat.nights”可知周六凌晨三点地铁停止服务，故B项正确。15.What is good about a SmarTrip card?A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its users.C.It can be bought at any time.

36、D.It is sold on the Internet.答案B事实细节题。根据“Metrobus”中“When paying with exact.the fare is $1.25”可知使用Smar Trip card可以节省钱。故B项正确。16.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?A.2029621195 B.2029621100C.2026377000 D.2026378000答案A事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“If you lose something.please call.”可知A项正确

37、。Passage 5体裁：记叙文话题：语言学习词数：271时间：5(2022山东卷，E)The kids in this village wear dirty，ragged clothes.They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud.They have no school.Yet they all can chant the English alphabet，and some can make words.The key to their success：20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dr

38、opped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S.group called One Laptop Per Child.The goal is to find out whether kids using todays new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the p

39、roject data say theyre already amazed.“What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten，”said Matt Keller，who runs the Ethiopia program.The fastest learnerand the first to turn on one of the tabletsis 8-year-old Kelbesa Neg

40、usse.The devices camera was disabled to save memory，yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work.He called himself a lion，a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.With his tablet，Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows.T

41、hen he spelled words on his own.“Seven months ago he didnt know any English.Thats unbelievable，”said Keller.The project aims to get kids to a stage called“deep reading，”where they can read to learn.It wont be in Amharic，Ethiopias first language，but in English，which is widely seen as the ticket to hi

42、gher paying jobs.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍用平板电脑帮助贫穷村庄的孩子用英语学习、阅读的项目计划。17.How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?A.It trains teachers for them.B.It contributes to their selfstudy.C.It helps raise their living standards.D.It provides funds for building schools.答案B事实细节题。根据文章第三段“.teach them

43、selves to read.”，“.the kids have already learned more.”可知答案。18.What can we infer from Kellers words in Paragraph 3?A.They need more time to analyze data.B.More children are needed for the research.C.He is confident about the future of the project.D.The research should be carried out in kindergartens

44、.答案C推理判断题。根据文章第三段“What I think has already happened is that.”said Matt Keller，可以推断出答案。19.It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _.A.learn English words quicklyB.draw pictures of animalsC.write letters to researchersD.make phone calls to his friends答案A事实细节题。根据文章第四段“The fastest learner.”，

45、“within weeks Kelbesa had figured out.”，以及第五段“Seven months ago he didnt know any English.”可知答案。20.What is the aim of the project?A.To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.B.To make Amharic widely used in the world.C.To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.D.To assist Ethiopians in learning th

46、eir first language.答案C主旨大意题。文章最后一段是对整篇文章的概述，也是这项计划的目的，故选C项。题组二尝试模拟Passage 1体裁：说明文话题：当今社会词数：290时间：5(2022东北三省四市高三一模)In the past，they were laughed at for being eggheads(书呆子) wearing glasses with a passion for the pointless.But now，being a member of their group has become a source of pride，with Collins

47、online dictionary naming the term “geek” as UKs “Word of the Year” on December 16.“Geek” tops the list for 2022 because of its “positive makeover”，a spokeswoman for Collins Dictionary told The Scotsman newspaper.The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of “geck”，meaning “a s

48、impleton(傻瓜)”.“In the 1980s，the word still had a negative meaning，referring to someone who was boring and socially awkward.However，from the late 20th century，due to the increasing importance of technology in society，the word has come to mean a clever，switchedon and cool person，” noted The Scotsman.I

49、n September，the dictionary changed the main definition of “geek” from “someone preoccupied with computing” to “a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specific subject”.“Geek is a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to having a positive one.” I

50、an Brookes，consultant editor to Collins Dictionary told The Guardian.“This change in meaning represents a positive change in views of specialist expertise(专长；专业知识)，and is a result of the influence of technology on peoples lives.”The Telegraphs John Bingham believes that the transformation of the wor

51、d was helped along by the success of the US movie The Social Network，about the creation of the US website Facebook.“Commentators said the film showed that it had become fashionable to be a geek”，Bingham wrote.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。戴着瓶底眼镜的书呆子们曾经被嘲笑为无用的“geek”，然而时代在变化，咸鱼也有翻身的一天！科林斯字典给了这个词一个全新的、积极的含义。1.The und

52、erlined word “makeover” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _.A.evolution B.resultC.influence D.response答案A词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第二句“But now，being a member of their group has become a source of pride，with Collins online dictionary naming the term geek as UKs Word of the Year on December 16.”和第三

53、段“The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of geck，meaninga simpleton(傻瓜).”前后对比可知，此处makeover意为“华丽转身”，与倒数第二段的第一句“Geekis a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to having a positive one.”相呼应。evolution意为“进化”；result意为“结果”；influence意为“影响”； respon

54、se意为“回应”。故选A项。2.When did the word “geek” begin to have a positive meaning?A.In the 20th century. B.From the 1990s.C.In the 1980s. D.At the end of 2022.答案B细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“In the 1980s，the word still had a negative meaning.”和第二句“However，from the late 20th century.the word has come to mean a clever，swi

55、tchedon and cool person”对比可知，“geek”这个词实现意义上的华丽转身是在20世纪90年代。故选B项。3.According to the article，“geek” now mainly refers to _.A.someone who is addicted to computing and new technologyB.someone who is boring and unfashionableC.someone who is smart but awkward in social situationsD.someone who is wellinfor

56、med and devoted to a certain field答案D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specific subject”可知，“geek”现在主要指那些博学的学者型人物。故选D项。4.What helped to transform the meaning of “geek” from negative to positive according to the article?a.The effect of technology.b.The news me

57、dias promotion.c.The influence of Collins Dictionary.d.The popularity of The Social Network.A.a，b B.b.c C.a，d D.c，d答案C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“.by the success of the US movie The Social Network，about the creation of the US website Facebook.”可知，“geek”词义的华丽转身来源于电影The Social Network的成功和技术的进步。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“is

58、a result of the influence of technology on peoples lives”可知，这是科技进步对人们生活影响的结果。故选C项。Passage 2体裁：应用文话题：孩子教育词数：300时间：6 (2022河南六市高三一模)Dear Gregory，Merry Christmas! You are now the proud owner of an iPhone.You are a good and responsible 13-year-old boy and you deserve this gift.But with your acceptance of

59、 this present come some rules and regulations.Please read through the following list of rules.I hope that you understand that it is my job to form you into a well-rounded，healthy young man who can coexist with technology without being ruled by it.Failure to comply with(遵守) the following list will re

60、sult in termination(终止) of your iPhone ownership.1.It is my phone.I bought it.I pay for it.I am loaning(借) it to you.Arent I the greatest?2.If it rings，answer it.It is a phone.Say hello and use your manners.Do not ever ignore a phone call if the screen reads “Mom” or “Dad”.3.It does not go to school

61、 with you.Have conversations with your friends in person.Thats an important life skill.But half days，field trips and afterschool activities will require special consideration.4.If it falls into the toilet，breaks up on the ground or disappears into thin air，you are responsible for the replacement or

62、repair costs.Mow lawns，take up babysitting or save up your birthday money.Accidents will happen，so you should be prepared.5.Turn it off，silence it and put it away in publicespecially in a restaurant，at the movies or while speaking with another human being.You are not a rude person.Do not allow your

63、new toy to change that.6.Live within your experiences.They will be stored in your memory forever.Dont take too many pictures and videos.There is no need to document everything.7.Learn to live without it.Be bigger and more powerful than your “FOMO”fear of missing out.Leave your phone at home sometime

64、s and feel safe and secure in that decision.It is not alive，nor is it an extension of your body.8.Keep your eyes up.See the world happening around you.Stare out a window.Listen to the birds.Take a walk.Wonder without Googling.9.If you mess up，I will take away your phone.We will sit down and talk abo

65、ut it.We will start over again.You and I，we are always learning.I am on your side and we are in this together.Love，Mom【语篇解读】本文是一封母亲写给孩子的信，主要讲述了母亲为了避免孩子成为手机控而与孩子之间的约法守则。5.The authors main purpose in writing the article is to _.A.explain to Gregory the functions of the new mobile phoneB.show Gregory h

66、ow much thought has been put into this giftC.inform Gregory of good manners he has to follow in publicD.make a deal with Gregory on the use of his Christmas giftiPhone答案D写作意图题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Failure to comply with(遵守) the following list will result in termination (终止) of your iPhone ownership.”以及对第一段的

67、整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了母亲和孩子之间关于使用圣诞礼物iPhone手机的相关约定。故选D项。6.If Gregory loses his iPhone，he _.A.will get a new one from his parentsB.has to pay for a new one himselfC.will never receive gifts from his parentsD.must learn to live without a phone答案B细节理解题。根据文章第4条规定中的第一句“If it falls into the toilet，breaks up on th

68、e ground or disappears into thin air，you are responsible for the replacement or repair costs.”可知，如果手机丢了，Gregory需要自己重新买个新的。故选B项。7.We can learn from the article that Gregorys parents _.A.set rules and regulations in every aspect of his lifeB.expect him to do something in return for this giftC.are worr

69、ied about his manners and carelessnessD.dont want him to be addicted to electronic products答案D细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句“I hope that you understand that it is my job to form you into a wellrounded，healthy young man who can coexist with technology without being ruled by it.”可知，孩子的父母不想孩子成为手机控。故选D项。8.Gregory h

70、as to follow the rules below except that _.A.be sure to answer his parents callsB.keep the phone in silence when hes at the cinemaC.record his life as much as possible using the phoneD.bring the phone with him on field trips when necessary答案C细节理解题。根据文章第6条规定中的最后一句“There is no need to document everyth

71、ing.”可知，母亲要求孩子不需要将每件事情都用手机记录下来，C项与此条相悖。故选C项。Passage 3体裁：夹叙夹议话题：社会热点字数：295时间：5(2022山东四市联考)“KEVIN，we are getting a divorce，” said my mother.My heart plunged (急降).I was 9 years old and I thought that my life was going to fall apart.My sister and I were going to move with my mother to Southern Californi

72、a.My dad was to remain in New Jersey because of work.My family was splitting apart.Now that my mom is a single parent，I do my own laundry，make dinner and do extra chores all around the house.Although the work was hard at first，I now recognize the positive effect that this responsibility had on me.My

73、 mother gave me these chores and duties so that I would learn to become self-disciplined and trustworthy.I strive to display these qualities in all aspects of my life，and have seen the benefits.When I was only 11 years old，my coach told me that he was selecting me as soccer team captain because of m

74、y determination and ability to get my teammates to push themselves.We lost the championship，but I won the fair play award for keeping my team together.I am always determined to be an individual and not participate in anything that I feel is wrong.I am，for example，extremely proud of my decision not t

75、o drink alcohol.Personally，I dont feel the need to drink to have fun，and I stand by my decision even when others try to pressure me.I thought my parents divorce was going to be the worst thing that ever happened to me.Ironically(讽刺的是)，it turned out to be the best.I wasnt willing to let it ruin my li

76、fe without putting up a fight，and neither was my family.My mom and dad both found new partners and happily remarried.I am still close to my father，even though he lives 4，800 km away.At age 9，I struggled with the confusion and pain of divorce.Today，at age 16，I understand that obstacles can bring oppo

77、rtunity and success，and that hard work，determination and selfdiscipline can turn your worst time into your best time.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。父母离婚给孩子带来负面影响是不可避免的，然而有时候这些负面影响反而会成就一个独立、自强的孩子。9.When the author found out his parents were getting a divorce，_.A.he didnt feel surprised at their decisionB.he was wo

78、rried about how his life would beC.he tried to tell his parents not to split upD.he was relieved that they were going to begin a new life答案B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“My heart plunged(急降).”和对本段的整体理解可知，作者当时对自己未来的生活很是担心。故选B项。10.The author was selected as soccer team captain because _.A.he was gifted for playing s

79、occer wellB.he helped his team win the championshipC.he could inspire his team to try their bestD.he was an individual and stood by his decision答案C细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“.because of my determination and ability to get my teammates to push themselves.”可知，由于作者自身坚毅并能激励他人被选为队长。故选C项。11.By describing his decisi

80、on not to drink alcohol，the author wants to show that _.A.he doesnt like to have funB.he doesnt like others pressurizing himC.he tries to be different from othersD.he sticks to decisions that he thinks are right答案D细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“I am always determined to be an individual and not participate in any

81、thing that I feel is wrong.”可知，作者坚持做自己认为对的事情，坚持不参与自己认为错的事情。由此可知，作者是一个很有原则且意志坚定的人。故选D项。Passage 4体裁：说明文话题：食品卫生词数：310时间：6 (2022海滨区高三第二次调研)If you bought some candy months ago but never ate it，how can you tell whether it is still safe to eat? The easiest way is to check the “use-by date” printed on the w

82、rapper.If that date has already passed，youre likely to throw the candy away.But is that really necessary?According to a new report from the US Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)，tons of food is wasted each year，largely because people dont fully understand what expiration dates，or “use-by dates

83、”，actually mean.Food dating was introduced in the 1970s because consumers wanted more information about the things that they were eating.When they first showed up，use-by dates were only supposed to indicate freshness because producers wanted their products to be tasted in their best conditions.But t

84、he truth is that these dates arent related to the risk of food poisoning or food-born illness，according to Time News.However，most customers misinterpreted use-by dates and related them to the safety of the food，and they still largely do now.Eggs，for example，can still be eaten three to five weeks aft

85、er purchase even though the use-by date is much earlier.When their use-by dates pass，strawberryflavored drinks may lose their red color and biscuits may lose their crunch(松脆)，but they are not harmful.“Its a confusing subject，the difference between food quality and food safety，” said Jena Roberts，vic

86、e president of National Food Lab，a US food testing company.“Even in the food industry I have colleagues who get confused.”This is why scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed following the use-by dates.“We want this to be clearly communicated so consumers are not misunderstand

87、ing the data and contributing to a lot of waste，” said Dana Gunders，a staff scientist with the NRDC.But this wont be a mistake that is easy to correct since people have believed it for so long.Another problem is that the quality levels of different foods change differentlysome are still safe to eat

88、long after their useby date while others are not.As a result，food industry officials are now thinking of changing the useby date to a date indicating when food is most likely to go bad.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对保质期的误解。人们通常会把过了保质期的食物理解为不能食用，而把它们扔掉，这造成了很大的浪费。其实，许多过了保质期的食物还是可以食用的。12.The use-by date was fi

89、rst intended to _.A.tell the freshness of foodB.show the safety of foodC.give a warning of food poisoningD.indicate the relation between food and illness答案A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“When they first showed up，useby dates were only supposed to indicate freshness.”可知，最初引入保质期是为了显示食物是否新鲜。故选A。13.The underlined word

90、“misinterpreted” in Paragraph 4 probably means _.A.made guesses aboutB.formed a wrong idea aboutC.made wrong use ofD.took no notice of答案B词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“But the truth is that these dates arent related to the risk of food poisoning or foodborn illness，according to Time News.”和第五段的例子可知，事实上保质期和食物中毒或者食源性

91、病毒的风险无关。然而，大多数消费者根据保质期的提示都会把过了保质期的食物扔掉，其实，有的食物虽然过了保质期，但还可以食用。由此推知，消费者对保质期存在误解。所以misinterpret意为“误解，曲解”。故选B。14.Which of the following is TRUE?A.Most customers understand what useby dates mean.B.“Use-by dates” have existed for more than 50 years.C.Biscuits cant be eaten when not as crunchy as they are

92、bought.D.Even after their useby dates pass，some foods are still safe to eat.答案D细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Eggs，for example，can still be eaten three to five weeks after purchase even though the use-by date is much earlier.”可知，鸡蛋在购买三到五个星期后仍然可以食用，尽管保质期早得多。这说明有些食物虽然过了保质期，但是仍然还是可以食用的。故选D。15.Scientists are calling fo

93、r a standard explanation to be printed together with the use-by dates because _.A.use-by dates are not helpful or reliableB.more consumers get worried about food safetyC.most consumers often misunderstand use-by datesD.the quality level of different foods changes differently答案C细节理解题。根据第七段第二句“We want

94、 this to be clearly communicated so consumers are not misunderstanding the data and contributing to a lot of waste”可知，科学家们需要一个标准的解释以消除消费者对保质期的误解。可见，消费者总是误解保质期。故选C。根据第四段第二句和第六段第二句也可得出答案。Passage 5体裁：夹叙夹议话题：善意换来善意词数：294时间：5(2022临沂高三教学质检，B)My daughter and I collected the empty cans and bottles in our ho

95、me this morning.We had 6 full garbage bags so I knew we would be spending a bit more of time at the recycling center.When we got there，a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic and cans.Luckily，we were able to use the 2

96、remaining machines.Of course，there were others that came，but when they saw the two families with garbage bags full of recycled things，they quickly left.However，one woman came in with just 5 cans and looked as if she was in a hurry.So I stopped what I was doing and let her in to recycle her cans.Of c

97、ourse，she was grateful，and it felt good to let her go ahead of me.But that was not the whole story.My daughter and I continued to work through the bags，but the plastic recycling machine stopped working because it was full.My daughter was left with nothing to do.The other family was still using the o

98、ther two plastic recycling machines，but it seemed that they were almost done.I just told my daughter we would have to wait until they were done.But the man of the other family came through with another act of kindness.He offered to let us go ahead of him.I was really surprised，because we had more th

99、an 5 bottles，but he didnt seem to mind.I happily accepted it.It was great to give and then to get an act of kindness in turn.I didnt expect it，but it surely brightened up my day.【语篇解读】一位妇女有急事，所以作者帮助了她，后来作者遇到了困难，别人又给予及时的帮助，这正说明了一个道理：相互帮助，善有善报。16.What can we learn from Paragraph l?A.The writer did col

100、lecting every morning.B.The writer usually had 6 bags of cans to recycle.C.There were four recycling machines in all.D.Most people did recycling in the morning.答案C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic a

101、nd cans”可知，共有四台回收机器。17.Why did the writer let the woman recycle her cans first?A.Because there were many other families there.B.Because the woman seemed to be in a hurry.C.Because the writer wanted to hear a story.D.Because the woman was very grateful.答案B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，one woman came in with

102、just 5 cans and looked as if she was in a hurry.”可知，是因为她匆忙有事情。18.Why couldnt the writer finish her recycling in time?A.Because her daughters machine stopped working.B.Because the other family was still using the machines.C.Because she let the other family use her machine first.D.Because she helped r

103、ecycle the other familys bags first.答案A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“My daughter and I continued to work through the bags，but the plastic recycling machine stopped working because it was full.”可知，机器出了故障。19.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The kindness. B.The offer.C.The machine. D.The 5 bottles.答案B细节理解题。根据上文中的“He offered to let us go ahead of him.”可知，此处代词it指他所提供的帮助。