江苏省2022高考英语第二部分语法核心突破第一课时名词练习含解析.docx

1、第一课时名词李仕才感 悟 高 考1. Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.(2022江苏卷)A.recipe B.recordC.range D.receipt答案A句意：你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？当然是尽情享受每一天。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条。根据句意可知A项正确。2.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time

2、，as late payments may affect your _.(2022江苏卷)A.condition B.incomeC.credit D.status答案C句意：重要的是按时缴纳电费，因为逾期付款可能会影响你的信用。condition 情况； income 收入；credit 信誉； status 身份。根据句意，答案为C。3.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some _ and then let me know.(2022安徽卷)A.thought B.supportC.protection D.autho

3、rity答案A句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。 thought思想，思考；support支持，维持，支援，供养；protection保护，防卫；authority权威，权力，当局。4.Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently.(2022浙江卷)A.produce B.pronounceC.process D.download答案C句意：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工，处理，符合语境。produce生产，制作，创作；pronounce发音；download下

4、载。要 点 精 析一、不可数名词的数1.一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：(1)抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的人或事。单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情honor荣幸令人荣幸的事情Your contribution will cer

5、tainly make the event a huge success.您的贡献定会促使这件事取得圆满成功。(2)抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验的动作、行为或类别。Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。2. 有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar糖a sugar一块糖coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper纸a pap

6、er一张报纸；一篇论文tea茶two teas两杯茶hair头发a hair一根头发I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了那部手机上。你永远都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。二、名词的词义辨析1.形近词的词义辨析command 命令comparison 比较compliment 称赞 contribution 贡献symptom 症状 similarity 类似sample 样本 sympathy 同情symbol

7、象征，符号 system 系统She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last years election.两年前她被软禁在家，但是在去年的选举中她仍是位具有影响力的代表性人物。2.意义相近词的辨析motivation 动机，目的 qualification 资历talent 天赋 technique 技能anger 生气 rudeness 粗鲁regret 后悔 panic 惊慌advice 建议 question 问题offer 提议 idea 主意Her motivat

8、ion for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.她写作的动机是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的渴望。3.无一定关联性的名词词义辨析source 源泉 sense 感觉result 结果 root 根源curiosity 好奇 satisfaction 满意envy 羡慕 patience 耐心difference 不同，区别 strength 长处connection 关联 barrier 屏障，障碍Wind is now the worlds fastest growing source o

9、f power.风力是现今世界上增长最迅速的能源。三、名词的固定搭配1.动词have, take, make, pay, play, put, give等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好名声have a feeling of 有感觉have access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用，趁之机take a turn 转变get relief 得到缓解All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.所有学生都能进入在道格拉斯

10、大厅上面的写作中心。2.介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在进行中out of touch 与无联系beyond recognition 辨认不出来The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great demand in this city.哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。解 题 策 略1.利用固定搭配和习惯表达(1)It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you a

11、re feeling lonely.A.safety B.companyC.house D.friend答案B句意：据说， 当你感到孤独时， 你想要狗陪伴你多长时间它们就陪伴你多长时间。keep sb company “陪伴某人；与某人作伴”。(2)Despite such a big difference in the _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.A.point B.idea C.attitude

12、D.sight答案C句意：尽管人们对吃什么有不同的观点， 但是毋庸置疑的是西方人认为中餐别具一格。point 重点，见解 ; idea 想法 , 主意； sight 视力，看见。2.利用句子的平衡、对比等结构To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.A.strengths B.benefitsC.techniques D.values答案A句意：为了使队员更好地表现， 教练首先要了解队员的优势和劣势。and后weak的名词形式， 正好

13、与strong的名词形式对比。strength 长处，优点，符合句意。3.充分把握具体的语境Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry.This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A.moment B.situationC.place D.chance答案A句意：我们出去走走吧？对不起， 现在邀请我不是时候， 我都累得没有力气走路了。后面的I am too tired to walk提示了前者提出建议是不合时宜的， 故用moment “时刻， 时候” 。4.运用固定句式解决词义辨析You wil

14、l find this map of great _ in helping you to get around the city.A.source B.senseC.favor D.value答案D句意：你会觉得这张地图在帮助你在城里逛逛非常有价值。此处用of great value, 相当于very valuable 表示“十分有价值”。针 对 训 练1.One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2022浙江卷)A.production B.stre

15、ssC.energy D.power答案B句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。stress压力，紧张，符合语境。production生产，制作，产品；energy精力，活力，干劲；power权力，势力，影响力。2.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task.(2022湖北卷)A.emotion B.talentC.identity D.treasure 答案C句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C

16、项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C。3.Could you tell me the _ of making such tasty cakes?Well，I just follow the directions in the cookbook.(福建卷)A.feature B.plan C.cost D.trick答案D句意：你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。trick诀窍，故选D。4.Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.(天津卷)A.source B.sense C.result D.root答案

17、A句意：风力是现今世界上增长最迅速的一种能源。A.源泉，来源；B.感觉，意义；C.结果；D.根，根源；根据上下文语境，故选A。5.Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good _.(安徽卷)A.saying B.questionC.suggestion D.account答案C句意：如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？这是个不错的建议(suggestion)。saying 说法；言论；account 账户；解释；说明，理由。根据句意

18、应选C。6.When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.(湖北卷)A.command B.comparison C.compliment D.contribution答案C句意：当理查德说：“你现在变得更讨人喜爱，更漂亮了。”琼听到这突如其来的赞美，脸红了。command 命令，指挥；comparison 对比；compliment 恭维，称赞；contribution 贡献。7.The local government p

19、rovided _ for the homeless soon after the flood.A.possessions B.accommodationsC.souvenirs D.groceries答案B句意：洪水过后不久，当地政府向无家可归者提供了住所。accommodation “住处，膳宿”，符合句意。possession “财产”；souvenir “纪念品”；grocery “食品杂货店”。8.Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest _.A.con

20、venience B.considerationC.interruption D.imagination答案Aat ones convenience “在某人方便的时候”。句意：你们所提供的任何帮助我都很感激，请在方便的时候尽早联系我。9.The quiet life of the country has never had _ to me in that I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window.A.appeal B.appetiteC.affection D.appl

21、ication答案 A句意：宁静的乡村生活从来没有吸引过我，因为我总认为乡村是透过火车车窗看到的那个样子。appeal意为“吸引力，感染力”；appetite意为“食欲，胃口；强烈欲望”；affection意为“喜爱，喜欢”；application意为“申请；运用，应用”。10.In Beijing opera，performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the _ and depths of the characters personalities.A.dimensions

22、B.certificatesC.occupations D.consciences答案A句意：在京剧里，演员们需要在脸上画多种脸谱并着色，以助于展示人物个性的广度和深度。dimension意为“方面；维度；范围，程度”；certificate意为“证书，证明”；occupation意为“占据，占有；职业，工作”；conscience意为“良知，是非感”。11.The important thing in life is to have a great aim，and the _ to achieve it.A.acquisition B.comprehensionC.determination

23、 D.satisfaction答案C句意：人生中重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标，并下决心实现它。acquisition意为“获得”；comprehension意为“理解”；determination意为“决心”；satisfaction意为“满意”。根据句意可知，答案为C。12.The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual _ of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.A.award B.admissionC.allowance D.acquisition答案C句意：今年，当地政府给每个大学生提供每年4 000元的食物和学费补贴。allowance意为“津贴，补贴”；award意为“奖品”；admission意为“进入许可，入场费”；acquisition意为“获得，习得”。 8