2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习 专题一 阅读理解（先检索 再加工）第二部分 怎样准解题揭秘答题规律 科学备战高考 第一讲 细节理解题——据文比对定答案.docx

1、第二部分怎样准解题/揭秘答题规律， 科学备战高考阅读理解占据着高考试卷的第一部分，所占的分数比重也是最大。 “良好的开端是成功的一半”， 阅读理解解答的顺利与否直接影响着后面其他试题的答题时间和答题心态。 准做、快做阅读理解试题， 为攻克后面的题目节省时间。策略在手有的放矢， 备考无忧第一讲细节理解题据文比对定答案细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。【近3年全国卷考情分析】清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力知答题方

2、略“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题1.两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的综合理解和推断归纳。2.一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归结，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。明命题方式直接细节题常见设问方式：Which activity will you choose if.？What will you/the students do.？When can you.？Where can

3、you.？Who will.？间接细节题常见设问方式：Which of the following best describes.？How does the writer recommend.to readers？How many/much.？技法1直接信息理解题关键词定位法在解答直接信息理解题时，考生可采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。解题流程【典例】

4、2022新高考卷阅读AScholarshipsWe offer scholarships to lowincome schools and youth organizations，subject to availability. Participation in a postvisit survey is required.Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of you

5、r visit to guarantee the scholarship.21What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship?APrepay the admission fees.BUse the Museums transportation.CTake a survey after the visit.DSchedule their visit on weekdays.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“offered a scholarship”定位到 Scholarships部分中“We offer scho

6、larships to lowincome schools and youth organizations，subject to availability. Participation in a postvisit survey is required.”可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，需要参加一个访后的调查问卷。自主解答：_技法2间接信息理解题二次加工慎判定 为了更好地考查考生的语言能力和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修饰或转换，以间接的方式来考查考生。如果说直接信息理解题是直来直去考，那么间接信息理解题则是拐弯抹角考。直接信息理解题检索出信息就可得出答案，而间接信息理解题需对检索

7、出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。1同意转换法使用同根词、同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换关键词，例如使用ask来替换文中的require，使用less different来替换文中的more in common等。解题流程【典例1】2022新高考卷阅读ALate WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,

8、 it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.23What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?AYou will receive a zero.BYou will lose a letter grade.CYou will be given

9、 a test.DYou will have to rewrite it.解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“submit”定位到原文关键句为 “If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.” ，比对选项和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。submit 与turn in为同义转述。自主解答：_【典例2】2022新高考卷阅读BLike most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. T

10、he arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could h

11、ave made six salads with what I threw out.24What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?AWe pay little attention to food waste.BWe waste food unintentionally at times.CWe waste more vegetables than meat.DWe have good reasons for wasting food.解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“the arugula story”定位到

12、信息句“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.”；由此可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西；作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。 unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义转述。自主解答：_2归纳概括考分析综合为了增加细节信息试题的难度，命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命

13、题，一个细节信息试题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容，需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。解题流程【典例3】2021全国乙卷阅读AAll these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, DP.R. Korea.Capacity: 150，000.Opened: May 1, 1989.Mich

14、igan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107，601.Opened: October 1, 1927.Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, US. Capacity: 106，572.Opened: September 17, 1960.Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104，944.Opened: October 7, 1922.Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, US. Capacit

15、y: 102，512.Opened: September 24, 1927.22Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?AMichigan Stadium. BBeaver Stadium.COhio Stadium. DKyle Field.解析：分析题干，题干问的是哪个体育场最古老，应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育场的介绍。然后一一比对信息源：根据该部分的内容可知，四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放；综合概括可知，最古老的体育场为Ohio Stadium。自主解答：_技法3数字计算题加减乘除巧破解

16、常涉及时间、年龄、年代、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。解题流程【典例】2022新高考卷阅读AGroup SizeWe require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35

17、 people. For groups of 35 or more，please call to discuss options.22How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum?AOne. BTwo.CThree. DFour.解析：数字计算题。读题干定位到原文 “We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children.”可知，每10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。自主解答：_练重点练难点创新应用体验A2022九江市第三次

18、模拟Erica James is the author of 23 bestselling novels. Now, the romance novelist shares the books that shaped her career.Three Men in a BoatJerome K JeromeThis was the initial book that made me laugh out loud. Anything Id read previously had been school texts. Reading them was like watching paint dry

19、, but suddenly here was something exciting which clearly shows a great many features of human behaviour. From then on, I fell in love with reading.A Woman of SubstanceBarbara Taylor BradfordI was a mother when I read this novel and was thoroughly swept up in the rags to riches story of Emma Harte. B

20、arbara created a strong sense of family and it sowed a tiny seed within me that I might create my own work through putting pen to paper.Saint MaybeAnne TylerSaint Maybe is a sad example of how one small mistake can result in tragedy for a family. As always with Anne Tyler, theres sadness and humor w

21、ithin the pages, but the true strength of this novel lies in the authors ability to write with sympathy.The Marriage PactMichelle RichmondThe Marriage Pact is a psychological thriller, making me be a nicer wife. Jake and Alice are invited to join an exclusive organization called The Pact, which prom

22、ises to help them have a lasting marriage. I wanted to write a story like it: Great love for life.1Which book first made Erica James interested in reading?AThreeMeninaBoatBAWomanofSubstanceCSaintMaybeDTheMarriagePact2What is special about AWomanofSubstance?AIt is her first book.BIt makes her more ho

23、peful.CIt inspires Erica to be a writer.DIt helps her manage job challenges.3What do the listed books have in common?AThey share a sad tone.BThey go against textbooks.CThey are focused on family problems.DThey are good influences on Ericas life.B2022连云港市模拟(二)SunshineandEnjoymentintheCaribbeanTheperf

24、ectbalanceofsightseeingandrelaxationawaitonyournextCaribbeancruise (乘船游览)Day 1 Miami, USAIts your first night! Youve got a bit of time to have a free walk around the city before heading on your cruise the next morning.Day 2 Board Sky PrincessDay 3 Princess Cays, BahamasYour first stop is at Princess

25、 exclusive (专属的) port of call in the Bahamas. Enjoy a private beach party and get to know other cruisers on your ship or take part in experiences like a stingray encounter or banana boat ride！Day 4 Relaxing at seaDay 5 St Thomas, Virgin IslandsArrive early for a full day of sightseeing and activitie

26、s. Be wowed by Magens Bay, one of the worlds best beaches and definitely photo worthy, or go on the Skyride to Paradise Point to experience broad views, 700ft above sea level.Day 6 St MaartenPrepare yourself for the unique split of French and Dutch cultures on this wonderful island. Choose to explor

27、e the historic capitals of Philipsburg and Marigot or relax and bathe yourself in the sun on one of the beautiful beaches.Day 78 Relaxing at seaDay 910 Getting off Sky PrincessTransfer to the airport for your overnight flight home.YourexclusiveTRAILFINDERSholidayincludes Directflights 1 night 4Miami

28、hotel 7 nightcruiseaboardSkyPrincessinclfull board, Premier Beverage Package, unlimited wifi & crew appreciation. Privatetransfers10 day holiday fromBALCONY STATEROOM1，799MINI SUITE WITH BALCONY2，0494.How many stops are there during the cruise?A3.B4.C7.D10.5Which of the following places offers cultu

29、re experiences?AMiami, USA.BPrincess Cays, Bahamas.CSt Maarten.DSt Thomas, Virgin Islands.6What information is missing in this advertisement?AThe cost.BThe contact information.CThe route.DThe transportation vehicles.答题区题号123456答案第一讲细节理解题据文比对定答案清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力技法1答案：C技法2答案：典例1A典例2B典例3C技法3答案：C练重点练难点创新应用体验

30、A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本对作家Erica James的职业产生良好影响的文学作品。1答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据Three Men in a Boat部分中“From then on, I fell in love with reading. ”可知， Three Men in a Boat让Erica James对阅读产生了兴趣。2答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据A Woman of Substance部分中“Barbara created a strong sense of family and it sowed a tiny seed within me tha

31、t I might create my own work through putting pen to paper.”可知， A Woman of Substance的特别之处是它激励Erica成为一名作家。3答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段“Erica James is the author of 23 bestselling novels. Now, the romance novelist shares the books that shaped her career. ”可知，这些书的共同点是对Erica James的生活有很好的影响。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了

32、加勒比海乘船游览的相关信息。4答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据Day 3 Princess Cays, Bahamas部分“Your first stop is at Princess exclusive (专属的) port of call in the Bahamas.”， Day 5 St Thomas, Virgin Islands部分“Arrive early for a full day of sightseeing and activities. ”以及Day 6 St Maarten部分“Prepare yourself for the unique split of Frenc

33、h and Dutch cultures on this wonderful island.”可知，乘船游览期间一共有三站。5答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据Day 6 St Maarten部分“Prepare yourself for the unique split of French and Dutch cultures on this wonderful island. ”可知， St Maarten这一站会提供文化体验。6答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据表格右下角“BALCONY STATEROOM 1，799MINI SUITE WITH BALCONY 2，049”， TRAILFINDERS部分“Direct flights”以及表格中每天的行程路线安排可知，广告中提到了费用，路线和运输工具，没有提到联络人信息。