2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习 专题四 语法填空（先题点 再题型）第三讲 谓语非谓语 妙法应对 玩转百变动词 第一节 谓语动词(时态、语态与主谓一致).docx

1、第三讲谓语非谓语妙法应对玩转百变动词动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)及词性转换。第一节谓语动词(时态、语态与主谓一致)如何判断填谓语动词典例印证【典例】2022全国甲卷In the last five years, Cao 67._ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,

2、Africas 68.highest (high) mountain.第一步：确定填谓语分析句子成分可知，Cao 67._ (walk) through 34 countries和he reached the top of Kilimanjaro是两个并列简单句，空格处作谓语。第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致结合时间状语In the last five years可知，时态为现在完成时；walk与主语Cao之间为主动关系；主语Cao为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。自主解答：_解题攻略*第一步：确定是否作谓语分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列

3、关系时，空处就用谓语动词。*第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)；看人称和数，确保主谓一致。技法1提示词为动词时， 确定时态的三根据考生要结合句意、时间标志词或上下文时态的提示，找准语境中动作发生的时间信息；结合时态的基本用法和时间信息确定用何种时态。典题试做1.2022山东省聊城市一模Nowadays, Shennongjias attraction is not merely about “wild man”. Its appeal _ (be) more about its lively ecology

4、, rich biodiversity and karst landforms.2.2022安庆市高三二模A complete set of “24 solar terms” first _ (appear) in an ancient book The Huainanzi in early Han Dynasty.3.2022九江市第二次模拟The city of Beijing _ (see) 288 days of good air quality last year, up by 112 days from 2013.4.2022重庆市高考模拟调研卷三In about two mont

5、hs, another panda, one of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games mascots, Bing Dwen Dwen, _ (draw) the worlds attention in my hometown Beijing.5.2022连云港市第二次调研Given growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading popularity of natural remedies around the world, the demand for these medicines

6、 and remedies _ (rise) now.6.2022浙江卷1月On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academicsmany of the climate scientists_ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.7.2022湖南省名校联考模拟一Life on Earth _ (exist) for about 4 billion years. Our sun wil

7、l die one day, and thus well eventually either die out or leave Earth to look for a new place.8.2022福建省百校联合测评And ineffective tilling means some seeds wont take and yield (产量) _ (drop)9.2022福建省高三下学期诊断Aunts, uncles, cousins came around, _ (enjoy) a massive meal and lazed in front of the TV for a coupl

8、e of hours while the Chinese New Year variety shows were playing.10.2022山东省实验中学模拟The app does this by monitoring their time when the users go to sleep, which _ (mean) that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning. And thats why this app is quite popular with people nowadays.11.2022漳州

9、市第二次质量检测What _ (make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years.12.2022唐山市一模However, as society _ (progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional.解题原则1.慧眼识别标志词(1)看到often, usu

10、ally, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语， 要想到用一般现在时。(2)看到yesterday, last year, in 2022, two days ago, 一段时间later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去式。(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。(4)看到at this moment, at present, now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。(5)看到since, recently, lately, already , in the la

11、st/past few years, so far/up to now, for时间段， ever since.等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。(6)看到by then , by the end of.等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。2.瞻前顾后找并列(1)可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither.nor., not only.but also.等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。3.通过“语境暗示”法分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 且没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的

12、情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。技法2提示词为动词时，明确逻辑关系定语态根据语境，弄明白谓语动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。典题试做1.2022浙江卷1月Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the likefrequently by plane_ (view) as important for scientists to g

13、et together and exchange information.2.2022厦门市第四次质量检测Before the Internet they were community centers where everyone _ (invite) to enjoy a cup of knowledge.3.2022江苏省泰州市第四次调研This time he _ (equip) with a newly acquired technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%, to survive.4.202

14、2烟台市高三考前热身The concept _ (spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far.5.2022重庆市高三第一次联合诊断The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, and the number of questions focusing on rote (死记硬背的) learning should _ (reduce), the notice said.6.2022河北省衡水中学高三下学期二调The history of s

15、team power goes all the way back to the 1700s. At the time, steam _ (use) to power many different machines and helped fuel the Industrial Revolution.1.解题依据解题时首先要找出句子的主语，然后确定主语与动词之间的关系：主语是动作的发出者，动词则用主动语态。主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。2.牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态一般现在时：am/is/are done；一般过去

16、时：was/were done；一般将来时：will be done；过去将来时：would be done；现在进行时：am/is/are being done；过去进行时：was/were being done；现在完成时：has/have been done；过去完成时：had been done。3.牢记含有情态动词的被动语态形式情态动词be done。4.牢记常考的不及物动词，如：remain, happen, occur, belong to等。技法3提示词为动词时， 确定主谓一致的三原则判断谓语动词的单复数时， 应注意： 仔细辨识主语的单复数， 尤其主语较长时， 要准确锁定其中心

17、词； 分析语法关系、逻辑关系， 同时考虑语法一致原则、就近原则和意义一致原则。典题试做1.2022山东省聊城市一模Shennongjias beauty varies over the year as nature _ (take) its course.2.2022保定市一模Umbrellas and wet weather clothing, as well as sun protection cream and hats _ (be) highly recommended as the weather is often changing.3.2022菏泽市高三一模In a bid to

18、hold a simple, safe and yet splendid Winter Games, the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games _ (be) not lengthy or marked with a largescale performance.4.2022福州市3月质量检测Despite the growing interest in mending, basic sewing skillsparticularly among younger generations_ (be) surprisi

19、ngly scarce (不足的)5.2022聊城模拟The website started basic lessons on robotics and coding. Now the lessons can support kids who _ (involve) with robotics for years and who want to learn something new.6.Amy, as well as her brothers, _ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.7.The musi

20、cian along with his band members _ (give) ten performances in the last three months.8.2022安庆市高三二模The Chinese Agriculture Calendar is actually a combination of the lunar and solar calendar systems. There _ (be) 365.2422 days in one “sidereal year” while 12 lunar months add up to 354 days.9.Not only t

21、he students but also their teacher _ (move) deeply by the moving story.10.As a matter of fact, not only the students but also the teacher _ (wish) for a relaxing holiday.11.2022辽宁省辽南协作校高三第三次模拟Believe it or not, challenging some of your limits, which you have never tried, _ (help) you change for the

22、better.12.2022辽宁省部分重点中学协作体模拟While we cant guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills _ (be) quite useful.13.Our school is carrying on a reform in education and each boy and each girl _ (have) access to a table computer as well as the Internet.解题原则1.语法一致原则(1)可数名

23、词单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数。(2)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。(3)在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数保持一致。2.就近一致原则(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到主语由or, either.or.,

24、 neither.nor., not only.but also.，not.but.等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。(2)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。3.意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。练重点练难点创新应用体验Test 12022厦门高三质量检测Many excellent warship crews have been trained on the

25、 Liaoning, which is a Chinese Type 001 aircraft carrier. As the only female deck operation officer on it, Remila Dabul of Kazak ethnic group (哈萨克族), whose story 1._ (report) by the media in January, has attracted much public attention. Before working on the deck, Remila was a radar and telephone 2._

26、 (operate). But when she first saw a J15 fighter taking off, the idea of working alongside it crossed her mind. 3._ eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became 4._ (qualify ) . During her work, Remila wears a blue helmet, goggles, and blue suits. After

27、 a J15 lands, 5._ she needs to do is carry the heavy wire after 6._ (get) signals and run to the fighter to take a series of actions for a quick installation. “The higher risk our work is, the 7._ (firm) belief we should have，” said Remila. She has put her belief 8._ practice in her daily security a

28、nd guarantee work. This year, Remila spent her 9._ (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier. Remila said，“I miss my parents in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. I love my career and 10._ (be) willing to shoulder the responsibility to safeguard the happiness and the peaceful life of millions of

29、families in the motherland.”1_2._3._4_5._6._7_8._9._10_Test 22022长春市高三质量监测 Chinese museums have made a leap in their development over the past few years. Statistics released by the National Cultural Heritage Administration on May 18 1._ (show) that there was 2._ rise of about 23 percent compared wit

30、h 2015. As a result, China has the fourth 3._ (large) number of museums in the world next 4._ the United States, Germany and Japan. 5._ Chinese museums are developing rapidly, yet further reform 6._ (require) today in order to give them a more outstanding role in the nations overall development. Aft

31、er three years of preparatory work, nine ministrylevel 7._ (organize) jointly released the document, which offers guidelines on promoting reform 8._ development of the field.“ However, 9._ (face) the problem of unbalanced development, we should make more efforts 10._ (improve) our museum system，” sa

32、id Guan Qiang, deputy director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration.1_2._3._4_5._6._7_8._9._10_第一节谓语动词(时态、语态与主谓一致)典例答案：has walked命题专家授策略技法11答案与解析：is考查时态及主谓一致。句意：它的吸引力更多地体现在生动的生态、丰富的生物多样性和喀斯特地貌。该空所给动词be在句中作谓语，描述的是一般性事实，应使用一般现在时，主语appeal为不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。2答案与解析：appeared考查时态。句意：一套完整的“二十四节气

33、”最早出现在汉代早期的淮南子一书中。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词，且动作发生在过去，因此谓语动词需要使用过去时。3答案与解析：saw考查动词。句意：北京去年空气质量良好的天数为288天，与2013年相比增加了112天。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语last year，可知句子的时态为一般过去时。设空处应用动词的过去式的形式。4答案与解析：will draw考查谓语动词。句意：再过两个月左右，另一只熊猫，2022年北京冬奥会吉祥物之一，Bing Dwen Dwen将在我的家乡北京引起全世界的注意。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语in about two months (在两个月之内)，可

34、知句子的时态为一般将来时。5答案与解析：is rising考查时态和主谓一致。句意：鉴于人口不断增长，财富不断增加，以及自然疗法在世界各地的普及，对这些药物和疗法的需求现在正在上升。根据句子结构可知，此处应填谓语动词。根据句意，此句描述现阶段持续的状态，故用现在进行时。主语the demand是单数。6答案与解析：have promised考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，此处应用现在完成时；又主语为复数意义，助动词应用复数形式。7答案与解析：has existed考查时态和主谓一致。根据“for about

35、4 billion years”可知，此处使用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语为Life，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。8答案与解析：will drop考查时态。设空处在句中作谓语， and是并列连词，前后时态一般保持一致， wont take的提示可知，设空处为一般将来时，故填will drop。9答案与解析：enjoyed考查时态。句意：叔叔婶婶、堂兄弟姐妹都来了，我们一起吃年夜饭，说说笑笑地看春节特别节目。根据came around 和lazed可知， and连接三个过去的动作并列作谓语，故填enjoyed。10答案与解析：means考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在which引导的非

36、限制性定语从句中做谓语，主语which代指前面一整句话，是单数，且全文都是一般现在时，故填means。11答案与解析：makes考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让人感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代的英雄们。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时；What引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。12答案与解析：progresses考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，随着社会的进步，收入的迅速增长和生活水平的提高，将会有更多的中国人寻求传统以外的体验。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语society是单数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。技法21答案与解析：is viewed/has

37、 been viewed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语部分，句子主语为v.ing结构“Travelling to.and the like”，表示单数概念，与view为被动关系；再结合语境可知，此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动作，应用is viewed/has been viewed。2答案与解析：was invited考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：在互联网出现之前，他们是社区中心，每个人都被邀请来享受知识。根据“they were community centers”可知，此处应用一般过去时。根据“they were community centers”可知

38、，此处是指每个人都被邀请来享受知识，所以应用被动语态。3答案与解析：was equipped考查时态和语态。句意：这一次，他掌握了一种新的技术，使大多数种植的树木能够存活下来，存活率远远超过80%。根据句中“This time”和“enabled”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，且“he”和“equip”为被动关系，故填was equipped。4答案与解析：has been spread考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语so far可知，此处时态用现在完成时。由句意可知，动词spread与主语the concept之间为被动关系，故填has been spread

39、。5答案与解析：be reduced考查被动语态。句意：考试题目要集中在基础知识和技能上，减少死记硬背的题目数量。分析句子结构可知，主语questions与谓语动词reduce之间是逻辑上被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词should后接动词原形，故填be reduced。6答案与解析：was used考查被动语态。句意：当时，蒸汽被用来驱动许多不同的机器，并帮助推动了工业革命。分析句意可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was used。技法31答案与解析：takes考查时态及主谓一致。句意：随着自然的变化，神农架的美景每年都在变化。所给动词take在as引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，叙

40、述大自然的变化应使用一般现在时，主语nature为不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。2答案与解析：are考查主谓一致。句意：由于天气经常变化，因此强烈建议使用雨伞和潮湿天气服装，以及防晒霜和帽子。当主语后接as well as构成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致，故此处用are。3答案与解析：was考查时态和主谓一致。句意：为了举办一届简单、安全、精彩的冬季奥运会，北京2022年冬季奥运会开幕式没有冗长，也没有大规模表演。通篇时态是一般过去时，主语“opening ceremony”是单数，因此空格处填was。4答案与解析：are考查主谓一致。句意：尽管人们对缝补的兴趣越来越大，但基本

41、的缝纫技能尤其是在年轻一代中却出奇地稀缺。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为basic sewing skills, be用复数。5答案与解析：have been involved句意：这个网站从机器人技术和编码的基础课程开始。现在这些课程可以帮助多年关注机器人技术的孩子以及想学习新东西的孩子。分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语；根据时间状语for years可知，此处应用现在完成时； be involved with意为“关注”，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为kids，故填have been involved。6答案与解析：was given考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：埃米和她的兄弟们

42、上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；由last week可知give表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy与give是被动关系，故填was given。7答案与解析：has given考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里共演出了10场。根据时间状语in the last three months可知，句子用现在完成时；当主语后接along with构成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致，故此处用has given。8答案与解析：are考查there be句型和主谓一致。句意：一个“恒星年”有3

43、65.2422天，12个阴历月加起来是354天。there be句型，系动词后为复数名词365. 2422 days，表述客观事实，因此系动词应使用复数形式，故填are。9答案与解析：was moved考查语态和主谓一致。句意：不仅学生，老师也被这个故事深深地打动了。not only.but also.连接并列主语时根据就近一致原则确定谓语动词用单数， move与主语their teacher 是被动关系，故填was moved。10答案与解析：wishes考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，不仅仅是学生，老师也希望有个放松的假期。根据就近一致的原则，应该填wishes。11答案与解析：helps考查

44、动词时态和主谓一致。句意：信不信由你，挑战你从没有挑战过的一些极限，会帮助你改变得更好。分析句子结构可知，此处需要谓语动词，全文讲述事实真理，所以要用一般现在时。再结合动名词challenging充当主语，谓语动词应该是第三人称单数形式，故填helps。12答案与解析：is考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然我们不能预防所有的不幸和疾病，但了解一些急救技能是非常有用的。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。13答案与解析：has考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们学校在进行教育改革，每个男孩和女孩都有机会使用电脑以及互联网。根据并列句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；根据意义一致的原

45、则， each boy and each girl 作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填has。练重点练难点创新应用体验Test 1语篇类型：新闻报道主题语境：人与社会人物故事Remila Dabul【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了辽宁舰上唯一一名女舰员哈萨克族的Remila Dabul。1答案与解析：was reported考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in January可知，用一般过去时；名词story与report之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语story为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was reported。2答案与解析：operator考查词形转换。根据不定冠词a可知，空处用

46、名词的单数形式。故填operator。3答案与解析：So考查固定句型。在“so.that.(如此以至于)”结构中，若将“soadj./adv.”置于句首，其后的主句要用部分倒装。故填So。4答案与解析：qualified考查词形转换。系动词became后接形容词作表语。故填qualified。5答案与解析：what考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，故用what。6答案与解析：getting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词after的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填getting。7答案与解析：firmer考查比较级。分析句子结构可知，此处是“the比较

47、级，the比较级”结构，表示“越，越”。故填firmer。8答案与解析：into考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语“put.into practice”，意为“把付诸实践”。故填into。9答案与解析：fifth考查序数词。此处表示“第五个春节”，所以用序数词。故填fifth。10答案与解析：am考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个并列成分，空处的时态应与love保持一致，故用一般现在时。主语为I，故填am。Test 2语篇类型：新闻报道主题语境：人与社会社会热点中国博物馆的改革与发展【语篇解读】虽然中国博物馆的数量位列世界第四，但在国家的总体发展中的作用仍不突出

48、。为此，九个部级组织联合发文，推进博物馆的改革。1答案与解析：showed考查时态。根据空后的was可知，该句陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。2答案与解析：a考查冠词。rise用作“增加，提高”时为可数名词，其发音以辅音音素开头，且该处表示泛指。3答案与解析：largest考查形容词最高级。根据in the world和定冠词the可知，该处指中国拥有的博物馆的数量位居世界第四。4答案与解析：to考查介词。next to为固定搭配，意为“仅次于”。5答案与解析：Although/Though/While考查让步状语从句连接词。句意：虽然中国的博物馆正在迅速发展，但现在仍需要进一步的改革，以

49、使其在国家的整体发展中发挥更突出的作用。根据句意可知，该处引导让步状语从句。6答案与解析：is required考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处reform为不可数名词，和require之间为被动关系，根据today可知，应用一般现在时。7答案与解析：organizations考查名词。结合ministrylevel可知，空处用名词；且由句意可知，此处表示“组织，机构”，再由nine可知，空处用名词复数形式。8答案与解析：and考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，reform和development为并列关系，故用并列连词and。9答案与解析：facing考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，且主语we和face之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。10答案与解析：to improve考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。14