2022版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练：12 创新与创业意识 WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时提能练(十二).阅读理解A(山东省临沂市2020届高三一模考试)We spend a third of our adult life working and another big part preparing for our careers. Historically, work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose. During the vast majority of our 300,000year human evolution (进化), work was in fact pretty simple. We wor

2、ked to eat and avoid being eaten.Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else, like culture, art, or science.The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningfulis a rather modern, or rather postmodern, invention. Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see

3、 workers who returned from a typical workday at factories complain to their folks that they didnt earn much or they were worn out but rare to see they complain they didnt experience a sense of purpose.Similarly, the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent fo

4、rm of career advice. Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago. His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles. Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day, without bringing

5、their whole self to work. Work is just not a core aspect of their identities, and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother，husband, American，captain of the local soccer team, etc.Others, however, have a very close psychological connection with their work roles, see

6、ing them as an essential thing intertwined (紧密相连的) with who they are. They dont just come to work. They are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs. They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics (工作狂) most companies long f

7、or.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人的一生中，成年后大约有三分之一的时间都在工作，人们还用很多时间为职业做准备。然而从历史上来看，工作很少被看作人生意义和目标的来源。工作的意义以及全身心投入工作这些概念直到现代才出现。1Why did we spend much of our adult life working during the process of evolution?ATo prepare for future careers.BTo find the water sources.CTo help us evolve.DTo make us survive.D细节理解题。根据第一段

8、倒数第二句“We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.”可知，人类在进化过程中花大量时间劳动是为了获取食物，并且避免成为别人的食物，即为了生存，故选D项。2Why did the writer mention the workers a century ago?ATo help us find meaning at work.BTo prove that the idea was modern.CTo show us the bad old days.DTo complain about the experiences.B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The

9、 idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningfulis a rather modern，or rather postmodern，invention.”可知，在工作中寻求意义这种概念直到现代才有，紧跟着提到一百年前的工人的例子正是为了说明这一点，故选B项。3Which of the following might William Kahn agree with?AEmployees have different understanding of their work roles.BEvery em

10、ployee must bring their whole self to work.CTo be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.DWorkers core identity is built on art categories.A推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.”可知，他认为员工们对于自己工作角色的认同程度是因人而异的，故选A项。4What kind of e

11、mployees do most companies favor?AThose who see work as a job.BThose who identify with their work roles.CThose who are fully devoted to their work.DThose who possess experience.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“They are，it seems，almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.”可知

12、，大多数公司期望工作狂类型的员工，故选C项。B(河北省唐山市20192020学年度高三年级摸底考试)We have heard some interesting news about how 5G wireless technology might change our lives in the future.5Gshort for the 5th Generation Cellular Network Technology，promises the Internet speeds 50 to 100 times faster than current 4G systems.While 5G

13、is set to be used in some limited areas of America this year, much of the world is not expected to receive widely available service until 2023.One project in Britain, however，is already testing this superfast technology on an unlikely group of the Internet userscows. The project was developed by Cis

14、co Systems, an American technology company.It also receives money from the British government. Cisco says the program seeks to explore the future of 5G connectivity in rural areas around the world.Testing areas were set up on farms in three rural areas in England. The cows are equipped with 5Gconnec

15、ted devices that link up to a robotic milking system, which uses sensors and machine learning to fully automate the process. System designers say technology takes over after a cow feels ready to be milked and walks toward an automatic gate. The device is designed to recognize each individual cow. It

16、 then positions equipment to the right body position for milking. During the process, machines release food for the cow as a reward.Other 5G technology tools include automated brushes that start when the cow rubs against them. Sensors also control the amount of light in the cows living areas dependi

17、ng on the weather. And an automatic feeding system makes sure the animals always get enough food to eat.Duncan Forbes, head of the project, told Reuters that the project shows the farms cow operation can be greatly improved with 5G technology and that the experiment provides strong evidence that 5G

18、technology can be widely used in the future, not just on farms in Britain, but in rural communities across the world.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了5G技术的特点及其在英国部分农场中的测试使用。5What is the purpose of Cisco Systems program?ATo win financial support from British government.BTo test the effects of 5G technology on anima

19、ls.CTo promote its technological development in Britain.DTo expand the future use of 5G in rural communities.D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Cisco says the program seeks to explore the future of 5G connectivity in rural areas around the world.”可知，该项目设法探索全世界农村地区5G连接的未来。故选D项。6What does the underlined word “It” in Pa

20、ragraph 3 refer to?AThe project.BThe company.CThe technology.DThe group.A词义猜测题。根据上文“One project in Britain.The project was developed by Cisco Systems，an American technology company.”及画线词所在句可知，这个项目由一家美国科技公司研发，在英国进行实验，所以英国政府投资的应该是这个项目，而不是这家公司。故选A项。7What can we learn about 5G according to the text?AIt

21、is no better than 4G in terms of speed.BIt is already widely available in the world.CIt enables cows to control their own milking.DIt is based on sensors and machine learning.C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“System designers say technology takes over after a cow feels ready to be milked and walks toward an automatic

22、gate.The device is designed to recognize each individual cow.It then positions equipment to the right body position for milking.”可知，5G技术使奶牛可以自己控制挤奶。故选C项。8In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?AEntertainment.BLifestyle.CEducation.DTechnology.D推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了5G技术的特点及其在英国部分农场中的测试使用。由此

23、可知，本文应出自报纸的科技版块。.完形填空I woke up without much enthusiasm, rolled out of bed and sat there not wanting to believe I had to go to work again. This must just be a bad dream that never seemed to 1 .I picked myself up into a standing position， 2 slowly back toward my comfortable and warm bed and had to use

24、 the very last ounce of strength not to head back into its hug. What a 3 it was to get dressed and head out of the door!Off I went to 4 arriving just in time. Then， 5 ，my boss said there was a (n) 6 job to do right now.I 7 that anybody could do this job and that somebody else would have to do it if

25、I waited long enough. But, nobody else 8 up to the job and this left me with a sinking feeling.Thats the same problem with your 9 .Many people use up their lifetime trying to 10 somebody else to do all the hard work to improve their own life.There is actually a lot of discomfort with taking charge o

26、f your very own life while it is much 11 to let others do it. The real problem，however, is that it takes a lot of 12 to find somebody who will do anything for you. Your life wont change 13 you are willing to grab hold of your life and accept that nobody else will ever create the life you want.So，sto

27、p 14 anybody to do something for you. 15 ， get your own body going and get it done now.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者是一个不喜欢工作的人，总是期待有人会替自己把工作做好；后来，作者悟出一个道理：属于自己的工作，不应该期待别人替你做，唯有你自己才能创造自己的幸福。1A.beginBendCmakeDshareB语境推断。根据上文对作者醒来时心情和动作的描述，以及空前的“a bad dream”并结合选项可推知，此处指这种爬起来上班的情形就像是一个永无止境的噩梦。end意为“结束；到头”，符合语境

28、。2A.glaredBtalked CglancedDwalkedC语境及常识推断。根据空后的“back toward my comfortable and warm bed”和常识可知，此处表示，作者站起身来，慢慢地回头看了一眼自己舒适而温暖的床。glance意为“看一眼；瞥一眼”，符合语境。3A.struggleBsurpriseCshockDmessA语境推断。根据上文的描述可知，起床出去上班对作者来说是一件痛苦的事情，故此处应指穿上衣服走出门是一件多么困难的事啊！struggle意为“难事”，符合语境。4A.schoolBwork CbedDhospitalB复现推断。根据上文中的“I

29、 had to go to work again”可知，此处指作者去上班。故work符合语境。5A.as a resultBin either caseCwhat was worseDin the endC语境及逻辑推断。根据上文可知，作者刚好及时到达工作地点；结合空后一句可知，老板告诉他有一份必须立即就做的紧急工作。由此可知，设空处与上文应为递进关系，结合选项可知，what was worse符合语境，意为“更糟糕的是”。6A.goodBfirst CspecialDurgentD语境推断。根据空后的“to do right now”可知，此处指老板说有一份紧急工作，必须立刻去做。urgen

30、t意为“紧急的”，符合语境。7A.knewBexplainedCregrettedDpromisedA语境推断。根据空后的“somebody else would have to do it if I waited long enough”可知，作者认为如果自己等得足够久，总会有其他人来做这份工作。故此处应指作者知道任何人都可以做这份工作。know意为“知道；了解”，符合语境。8A.livedBstayed ClookedDsteppedD语境推断。根据空后的“this left me with a sinking feeling”可知，此处应指情况与作者想象的不同，根本没有人走出来做这份工作

31、。step up意为“走上前去”，故stepped符合语境。9A.lifeBjob CgoalDbeliefA复现推断。根据下文中的“to improve their own life”和“your very own life”可知，此处应指生活亦是如此，故life符合语境。10A.refuseBtrust CsearchDfindD语境推断。根据上文描述的作者等待其他人来做这份工作时的心理可推知，此处应指很多人用一生的时间去寻找其他人来做所有辛苦的工作，以改善他们自己的生活。故find符合语境。11A.harderBlonger CearlierDeasierD语境及逻辑推断。根据空前的“a

32、 lot of discomfort”和“while”的转折含义可知，此处指让别人为自己做这些事会简单很多，故easier符合语境。12A.effortsBspiritsCadvantagesDactionsA语境及常识推断。根据选项及常识可知，此处指然而，真正的问题是，要想找到会为你做一切事情的人，要付出很多努力。effort意为“努力”，符合语境。13A.ifBunless CbecauseDwhileB逻辑及常识推断。根据上下文内容并结合常识可知，此处应指除非你愿意掌控自己的生活，否则你的生活不会改变。unless意为“除非”，符合语境。14A.staring atBlooking fo

33、rCattending toDcaring aboutB语境及复现推断。根据上文中的“to find somebody who will do anything for you”可知，此处应指，别再找别人为你做什么。look for意为“寻找”，为find的同义词复现，符合语境。15A.HoweverBThereforeCInsteadDOtherwiseC语境推断。根据设空处前一句中的stop和选项可推知，此处表示，相反，让自己的身体动起来，去做你该做的事。instead意为“相反”，符合语境。.语法填空(2020年山东省六地市部分学校高三年级联考)Fiona Kolbinger，a 24y

34、earold German cyclist with little experience in 1._(compete) cycling, took the world by surprise when she became the first female to win the Transcontinental Race on August 6,2019. She completed 2._ total of 2,485 miles from Bulgaria to France in 10 days, 2 hours, and 48 minutes.This years race star

35、ted on July 27th, 2019. In the race, the competitors had to decide for 3._(they) where, when, and how much they ate and slept.They also had to ride in temperatures 4._ ranged from 4 to 37 and endure freezing rain，thunderstorms, and heat waves. The Transcontinental Race 5._(found) in 2013 by the Brit

36、ish cyclist Mike Hall. The race，6._(think) to be one of the hardest of its kind, challenges not only racers cycling skills and endurance (耐力), but also their route planning and time management skills.Also, different 7._ other cycling competitions where the routes are 8._(careful) laid out, the Trans

37、continental Race requires competitors to plan their own course.The only 9._(require) is to check in at four stops, located at various points along the way.10._(make) sure all competitors undergo some of the same challenges, each checkpoint is followed by demanding terrain(地形)【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。2019年the

38、Transcontinental Race落下帷幕。德国女选手Fiona Kolbinger以10天2小时48分的成绩夺冠，成为这个比赛的第一位女性冠军。1competitive考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语。2a考查冠词。此处表示总路程，应该用a total of“共计”，故填a。3themselves考查代词。主语是the competitors，此处表示选手必须自己做决定，因此应该用they的反身代词形式themselves。4that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词temperatures后跟一个限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，表示物，故用that/whi

39、ch。5was founded考查动词的时态和语态。Transcontinental Race和found之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据时间状语in 2013可知，此处应用一般过去时。6thought考查非谓语动词。过去分词在此表被动，作定语，修饰The race。7from考查介词。根据句意，这个自行车赛的选手要自己规划行车路线，这与其他严格规定路线的自行车赛不一样。故填介词from。8carefully考查词性转换。此处修饰动词，应用副词形式。9requirement考查名词。根据前面的The only和后面的is可知，空处要填名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“要求”，故用requirem

40、ent。10To make考查非谓语动词。此处表示“为保证所有的选手都经历一些同样的挑战”，故用不定式作目的状语。.应用文写作(湖北省2020年高三4月调研)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Richard来信询问你大学想选择学什么专业，请给他回信，内容包括：1你想学的专业；2你想学这个专业的原因；3你为实现自己的目标做了哪些努力。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Richard，_Yours，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Richard，A couple of days ago，I gladly received your letter，in which you

41、 asked me which major I would like to select.Actually, I have been considering this issue recently.I will decide on English as my major.As you know, Im always interested in foreign languages. Whats more, I constantly dream about becoming an English teacher. Only in this way could I teach my future s

42、tudents how to master this language.Hopefully, I could provide them with a useful window on the world. To realize my dream, I learn English pretty hard, because I think only if I myself have a good command of English will I be an outstanding teacher.I believe every effort will pay off.Wish me luck.Y

43、ours，Li Hua.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Some people doubt the accuracy and reliability of the facial recognition technology. They need not, because the technology is highly advanced.It can distinguish a human face with or without glasses. Tests show it has a precision rate of more than 99 percent.

44、Some argue that the fingerprint or iris(虹膜) recognition system is perhaps more accurate than the facial recognition system. True, but for iris recognition, a person has to hold his or her head still and look at the camera, which is timeconsuming and thus not suitable for public spaces such as subway

45、 stations.And the fingerprint recognition system is not so secure, as some people can cheat the system by copying and using the fingerprints of other people to enter or exit a station.Facial recognition is a rather mature system. A facial recognition system collects peoples facial images from differ

46、ent angles, instead of one, and therefore minimizes the chance of cheating.Actually, it is already being applied to many fields such as unlocking smartphones and computers.Besides, facial recognition technology can also help the police to hunt escaped criminals in public spaces.However, the law says

47、 a citizens photo should not be collected for commercial use without his or her permission.To avoid such legal risks，some measures should be taken before the collection of passenger information.First, companies must insure the collected facial images are only for public convenience, and will never b

48、e used for other commercial purposes, such as advertisements. Second, companies must take necessary measures to make sure not even a single one is leaked or sold to any third party without the passengers permission. Generally, advanced technologies are welcome to be used in public spaces, but people

49、s rights must be respected，at least to avoid legal risks._【参考范文】Facial recognition technology is highly reliable and accurate.(要点1) Compared with the fingerprint or iris recognition system, it is well suited for public spaces and is more secure.(要点2) The multiangled images lessen the possibility of cheating, and the system is widely employed in many areas like smartphones and computers.(要点3) However, to protect privacy and respect human rights, facial images must be collected with permission and well protected.(要点4)