2022届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 13 优秀品行正确的人生态度公民义务与社会责任训练（含解析）北师大版.doc

1、优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)tensionabandonabuse condemn embarrass patience concerned share willing disturb miss sincere eager kind brilliant attractive understanding calm emotion helpful (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)share， miss， abuse， eager， brilliant， condemn， e

2、motion， tension， abandon， calm 1There is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees.2They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces.3The government has collected enough evidence that the official abused his power.4The editor of the newspaper was condemned

3、 as lacking integrity.5Sue shares a house with three other students.6The hotel is the only white building on the road you cant miss it.7He is always willing and eager to do extra work.8She has one of the most brilliant minds in the country.单句语法填空1We finally came to an understanding (understand) abou

4、t what hours we would work.2It would be helpful (help) for me to see the damage for myself.3I sincerely (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.4It can be embarrassing (embarrass) for children to tell complete strangers about such incidents.5They keep a list of people (who are) willing to_

5、work (work) at nights.6Sometimes, kindness (kind) is a simple answer in a difficult and challenging world.二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解A(2021南昌模拟)I once met a wellknown botanist at a dinner party.I had never talked with a botanist before, and I found him very interesting.I sat there absorbed and listened while he

6、spoke of unusual plants and his experiments (he even told me astonishing facts about the simple potato)I had a small indoor garden of my own and he was good enough to tell me how to solve some of my problems.As I said, we were at a dinner party.There must have been a dozen other guests, but I broke

7、an important rule of politeness.I ignored everyone else and talked for hours to the botanist.Midnight came.I said good night to everyone and departed.The botanist then turned to our host and said many nice things about me, including that I was a “most interesting conversationalist”An interesting con

8、versationalist? I had said hardly anything at all.I couldnt have said anything if I had wanted to without changing the subject, for I didnt know any more about plants than I knew about sharks.But I had done this one thing: I had listened carefully.I listened because I was really interested.And he fe

9、lt it.Naturally that pleased him.That kind of listening is one of the best ways to show respect to others, and it makes them feel great too.“Few human beings，” wrote Jack Woodford in Strangers in Love, “can resist the sweet effect of rapt_attention.” I went even further than that.I was “sincere in m

10、y admiration and generous in my praise”I told him that I had been hugely entertained and instructed.I told him I wished I had his knowledge.I told him that I should love to wander the fields with him.Whats more, it was all true.And so I had him thinking of me as a good conversationalist when, in rea

11、lity, I had only been a good listener and had encouraged him to talk.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己偶遇一个植物学家并与其交谈的例子说明，一个健谈的人应具备的品质包括：关注参会的人、注意倾听他们的见解、表现出对别人话题的兴趣等。1From Paragraph 1, we can learn that the writer _.Awas deeply moved by the botanists talkBwas amazed by what he was hearingCwas not in a comfortable

12、 situationDbehaved politely and properly解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中第二、三句可知，作者对于植物学家所说的感到很惊奇。故选B。2Which of the following does the writer describe as a rule of politeness at dinner parties?AAvoiding discussions about politics and religion.BListening carefully to what another guest says.CArriving and leaving at

13、the appropriate time.DGiving attention to all those in attendance.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者认为，忽略其他人只和植物学家谈话是不礼貌的。由此判断出，关注参加的所有人是有礼貌的行为。故选D。3The underlined expression “rapt attention” in Paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to “_”Afull understandingBstrong interestCgreat uncertainty Dlittle curiosit

14、y解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第四段第二至五句可知，作者听是因为真的感兴趣，而对方感受到了作者的兴趣。结合画线词所在句可知，很少有人能拒绝强烈兴趣的影响，因此rapt attention表示“强烈的兴趣”。故选B。4According to the writer, which of the following is an important characteristic of a good conversationalist?AListening attentively and encouraging the other side to continue.BEncouraging the oth

15、er side by sharing his/her own opinions.CPromising a future meeting for more communication.DExpressing respect by nodding his/her head.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，健谈的人会认真听，并鼓励说话者继续。故选A。B(2021临沂模拟)Your colleagues sharp comment keeps replaying in your mind.Two of your students are trapped in a “he said/she sa

16、id” battle.When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse.If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “selfdistancing”， the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively.According to a rese

17、arch, when people adopt selfdistancing while discussing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reactions, experience less emotional suffering, and display fewer signs of stress.But what might selfdistancing look like in action? Consider a typical “he said/she said”student conflict where

18、they are each focusing on their own feelings.One is thinking, “I cant believe he did that to me.”And another insists, “She really hurt my feelings.” However, if you ask them to take the selfdistancing, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions: “Why was he so hurt in this situa

19、tion？” or “How did her anger affect him？”Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, studies indicate that a change in point of view can have a powerful effect on the way people think, feel, and behave.Here are several different techniques you can try.First consider how a thoughtful

20、 friend might respond after quietly observing their situation.Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I”Focus on using thirdperson pronouns, he, she, they, and they were able to see the stressful event as challenging rather than threatening.Finally, ask yourself，“How would I feel about this one week from

21、now or ten years from now？” This form of mental time travel may be effective because our attention is directed away from our immediate, concrete circumstances.(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一种有助于打破消极循环的技巧自我疏远。) 5What is selfdistancing?AGetting stuck in negative emotions.BA stressful situation.CA study on re

22、lieving emotional stress.DReflecting on yourself objectively.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively”可知，自我疏远指的是客观地反思自己。6Paragraph 2 is developed by _.Aexample BdefinitionCclassification Dprocess解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和第五句可知，本段以学生冲突为例说明了自我疏远在实际行动中的应用，因此本段是通过举

23、例的手法展开的。7Which of the following statement uses the techniques of selfdistancing?AIm angry with him.BHow I wish I could go back to the past!CHow did these two people get to this point?DHe grabbed my notes, and then, and then .解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段中第二、三句可知，避免使用代词“我”，专注于使用第三人称代词他、她或他们，故C项符合题意。8What is the

24、best title for the passage?AWhy Selfdistancing Matters?BThe Application of SelfdistancingCBreaking the Cycle of Negative ReflectionDWays to Reflect on Emotional Reactions解析：选C标题归纳题。结合本文内容，尤其是根据第一段第三、四句可知，本文介绍的是打破消极循环的技巧自我疏远。.语法填空(2021辽宁实验中学月考)Last fall, Florida State football player, Travis Rudolph,

25、 made headlines.When he visited a middle school, he didnt hesitate _1_ (eat) lunch with Bo Paske, who often eats alone in his school cafeteria.Bo Paske is a young boy with autism a mental condition in _2_ a person is unable to communicate or form relationship _3_ others.Soon Rudolphs action _4_ (pay

26、) off, and he was just signed to the National Football League by the New York Giants though he had not been selected by any team before.Now Rudolph and Paske still keep in touch and _5_ (develop) a heartwarming friendship so far.Paske and his mother were even invited to a large party _6_ (hold) by R

27、udolph in West Palm Beach to celebrate the Giants signing announcement.“Were all _7_ (extreme) happy for him, ” Bos mother, Leah Paske, told NBCs Today.“We spent the whole Saturday hanging out with everyone to wait for the _8_ (encourage) moment.And when we finally got _9_ news that evening that he

28、had been signed, we were there for the _10_ (celebrate) as well.When he made sure that he was going to the Giants, he was completely excited.”语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章叙述了佛罗里达州的足球运动员上新闻头条的故事。1to eat考查非谓语动词。hesitate to do sth.“犹豫做某事”。2which考查定语从句。此处condition是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作介词in的宾语，与in一起构成定语从句，故填which。3with考

29、查介词。此处表示“与某人建立关系”，故填with。4paid考查动词时态。结合语境可知，此处讲述过去发生的事，句子用一般过去时态，故填paid。5have developed考查动词时态。根据“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时态，且句子主语Rudolph and Paske是复数形式，故填have developed。6held考查过去分词。此处party和hold之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填held。7extremely考查副词。此处happy是形容词，应由副词来修饰，故填extremely。8encouraging考查形容词。此处moment是名词，应由形容词来修饰，

30、表示“令人受鼓舞的”，故填encouraging。9the考查定冠词。此处表示特指，故填the。10celebration考查名词。根据“the”可知，此处应用名词形式，故填celebration。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)consideraterespectfulenthusiastic merciful modest reliable patient harmony harmonious friendly cooperate admirable consult advantage congratulation con

31、tent promotion focus honest prejudice (二)主题词汇训练.单句语法填空1She is always polite and considerate (consider) towards her employees.2The children in our family are always respectful (respect) to their elders.3They asked her to be merciful (mercy) to the prisoners.4We Chinese are struggling together to buil

32、d a harmonious (harmony) society.5Everyone was very friendly (friend) towards me.6We have received many letters of congratulation (congratulate)7Her promotion (promote) to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1You dont sound very enthusiastic about the idea. 热情的；热心的；狂热的2The more a m

33、an knows, the more he is inclined to be modest. 谦虚的3We are looking for someone who is reliable and hardworking. 可靠的；可信赖的4Youll just have to be patient and wait till Im finished. 耐心的5He agreed to cooperate with the police investigation. 合作，配合6You shouldnt have done it without consulting me. 咨询7There

34、is little prejudice against workers from other EU states. 偏见.用本单元词汇替换/升级加蓝词汇1A small car has the added advantage of being cheaper to run. strength2If that sounds like you, maybe its time to focus your attention on whats important. concentrate3Honestly! Whatever will they think of next!To_be_honest!

35、Whatever will they think of next!二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解(2021浙江省名校协作体联考)I always wanted to be extraordinary at something.Not just as in，“Great job, Jimbo！” No, I wanted to be bestinclass, aweinspiring, tiptop; a worldfamous genius，like Michael Phelps or Mark Zuckerberg.Unfortunately, my version of reality di

36、d not quite line up with this delusional vision.I was a good swimmer, but I peaked at the collegiate State Championships level.My academic record was pretty solid, but I never would have made it into one of those ivyleague schools.Though I rose to aboveaverage status in a couple of areas, the disapp

37、ointing truth was that I would never amount to anything more than a midsized fish in a small pond.What drove me crazy, though, was the superstar talent thrown in my face at every turn.Some folks just seemed to get an unfair intensive dose (剂量) of it.Why couldnt I be like Bernie William, the famed Ne

38、w Yorkees player who also happens to be a worldclass jazz guitar virtuoso (艺术大师)?Some say greatness is simply a function of putting in the practice time.Around ten thousand hours, to be precise, according to author Malcolm Gladwell.I dont question the theory of devoting extraordinary efforts to deve

39、loping ones expertise, but it seems that raw talent is equally important.You either have it or you dont.Ive heard that as people approach middle age, their life satisfaction increases because they begin to accept the gap between the expectations for themselves and the reality.After a few decades of

40、frustration without the desired results, we eventually come to terms with how our lives turned out, even if it falls far short of our idealized youthful expectation.Hope bends, it seems.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自身经验出发，认为成功需要有天赋以及付出时间，并最终学会接受自己的生活。1What does the word “delusional” in Paragraph 2 most probab

41、ly mean?AImaginary.BRealistic.CAbstract. DPractical.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，不幸的是，作者对现实的看法与这种妄想不太一致。故此处delusional与reality意思相反，意为“想象的”。故选A。2In the passage, the writer thinks of himself as _.Aa worldfamous geniusBa midsized fish in a small pondCa worldclass virtuosoDa student in an ivyleague school解析：选B细

42、节理解题。根据第三段可知，在这篇文章中，作者认为自己是小池塘里的中等大小的鱼。故选B。3According to the writer, what makes “greatness”？AExtraordinary efforts.BTen thousand hours of practice.CRaw talent.DTalent and time.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第五段第一句和第三句可知，作者认为，是天赋和时间造就了“伟大”。故选D。4Which of the following might be the best title?AHope Bends BFrustrating De

43、cadesCPractice Works DYouthful Expectation解析：选A标题归纳题。根据最后一段再结合全文可知，本文作者从自身经验出发，认为成功需要有天赋以及付出时间，并最终学会接受自己的生活。故A选项“希望屈服了”适合作文章标题。.阅读七选五ExperiencedBased EducationEveryone is familiar with traditional education.You sit in a class and a teacher teaches.This is an important part of development.But at some

44、 point, every individual has to take charge of their own education.To do this, one must look at the root of learning. _1_Basically, unfamiliar experiences usually add more value than experiences that are familiar. _2_ And we are in a better state to learn something new.Honestly, someone who never ex

45、periences the same thing twice will never have a chance to benefit from anything learned.However, new experiences are generally what make people interesting and push them to grow.High school is a new experience.College is a new experience.However, at some point traditional education becomes repetiti

46、ve.It is not that you wont learn anything else, but that the environment is so familiar. _3_To solve this, an individual needs to introduce new experiences into their life.You may spend a summer in a different part of the country or learn a new language through trial and error.You can also go to a d

47、rivein movie (or some other entertainment event that is new to you). _4_These types of experiences often result in very little “book knowledge”. Instead, they will often provide you with a better understanding of yourself as you experience your reaction to different situations. _5_ It can be invalua

48、ble for you to work effectively with others.Becoming a wellrounded human isnt something that happens by accident.You can spend your entire lifetime developing your potential.AHas education changed so much in the last decade?BThey will also provide you with a better understanding of others.CThose new

49、 experiences may not lead to great personal development.DThis is because unfamiliar experiences require much more of our attention.EThese are all things that can stretch and expand your experience in life.FAs a result, you can easily become less aware of your experience and not learn as much.GWhat m

50、akes some experiences add great value to our lives while other experiences do not?语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么一些经历给我们的生活增加了巨大的价值，而另一些却没有。1选G由空处下文可知，下文是对空处的回答，且空处统领全文。故G项“是什么让一些经历为我们的生活增添了巨大的价值，而另一些却没有？”切题。2选D由空后一句可知，空处与后一句为并列关系，且在解释空处上一句的原因。故D项“这是因为不熟悉的经历需要我们更多的注意力”切题。3选F由空处上一句可知，空处与前句为因果关系。故F项“因此，你很容易对自己

51、的经验缺乏意识，也学不到很多东西”切题。4选E由空前两句可知，空处是对空前所叙述的三个例子的总结。故E项“这些都可以扩展你的生活经验”切题。5选B由空前一句及下文的“with others”可知，空处与前文话题相关且为并列关系。故B项“他们也会让你更好地理解别人”承上启下。.短文改错(2021重庆南开中学模拟)Dear Terry，Glad to receive your last letter! I was willing to tell you what customs you should pay attention when visiting a friend.Here is some

52、 tips.First of all, bear in mind that you have better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointing time.This is of great significant to show your politeness.But you may as well bring an appropriate gift, like some fruits.Above all, you should mind your table manner.For instance, never

53、speak with your mouth full of food, that may be similar to your own customs.In brief, do as the Chinese do when in China.I do hope you will have a great fun at your friends home.Yours，Li Hua答案：第二句：wasam; attention后加to第三句：isare第四句：havehad; appointingappointed第五句：significantsignificance第六句：ButAnd第七句：mannermanners第八句：thatwhich第十句：去掉a