2022届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全训练（含解析）北师大版.doc

1、科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)atmosphere gravitytechnological digital attack swiftly evident convenience advanced insert influence proposal appealing breakthrough significance accessible exploration introduction automatically engineer (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)atm

2、osphere， gravity， digital， attack， insert， breakthrough， evident， influence， engineer 1Compared with the past, many people desire to have a robot in the digital times.2The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.3When a dog attacked me，I picked

3、 up a stick to defend myself.4The falling of an apple from a tree helped Newton to discover the law of gravity.5The gap was large enough for him to insert a finger.6Determined to make a breakthrough in his career, he works day and night in the company.7Many of the scientists and engineers are judged

4、 in terms of how great their achievements are.单句语法填空1The legal aid system should be accessible (access) to more people.2I have long been interested in space exploration (explore)and I believe I could learn a lot from the astronaut about it.3As we all know，the steam engine was the greatest technologi

5、cal (technology) advance of the 19th century.4They plan to focus on learning advanced(advance) technology from developed countries, and build up the food supply.5Private cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing great convenience (convenient) to our life.6My computer has a program which

6、 can correct my spellings automatically (automatic)7Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great significance (significant) when we have conflicts with friends.8With the introduction (introduce) of digital equipment, a growing audience has been brought back to the cinema in the past years.用本单元词汇替换加蓝

7、词1Art sometimes is influenced by the way of life and belief of the people. affected2He pulled at the oars and the boat moved swiftly through the water. rapidly3She does look rather appealing in that dress. attractive4My teacher recommended me to be monitor of our class but I didnt want to accept his

8、 proposal. suggestion5From the look on Joes face it was evident that the news came as a complete shock. obvious二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解The Internet has become part of modern life, bringing convenient services to everyone who can connect.While it seems hard to live without the Internet, it also brings new prob

9、lems.For example, individuals, organizations and even governments can become targets of cyber attacks.The 2020 marked Chinas sixth annual Cybersecurity Week, held from Sept. 16 to 22 nationwide.The opening ceremony and major activities were held in Tianjin.First launched in 2014, the event was desig

10、ned to raise public awareness of the importance of fighting online threats and cyber attacks.The theme of this years event is “cybersecurity for the people and by the people”The leaking (泄露) of personal information now stands out.“Efforts should be made to raise peoples sense of fulfillment, happine

11、ss and security in cyberspace，” said an official in an instruction for the event.“The country will safeguard the security of personal information and citizens legal rights and interests in cyberspace.”According to a report from the 2017 China Internet Security Conference, more than 90 percent of And

12、roid smartphones for sale in China contained serious safety bugs.Such flaws (缺陷) allow hackers to control entire phones and obtain the users passwords, bank information and more.To protect personal information, China issued its first cybersecurity law in June 2017.One key part of this law is meant t

13、o protect personal information.It rules that network operators are not allowed to leak, change or damage the personal information they gather.They are also not allowed to give personal information to others freely.Apart from China, issuing laws to protect personal information and prevent junk electr

14、onic information is a common practice in other countries.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了互联网带来的新问题个人信息泄露，同时提到了中国对此采取的措施。1What is the purpose of the first paragraph?ATo introduce the new Internetbased problems.BTo show readers a new Internetbased trend.CTo make a list of new cybercrimes online.DTo call for pro

15、tection of personal security.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，本段的主要目的是引出文章的中心话题：互联网带来的问题。故选A。2What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?AAndroid smartphones sales are on the decrease.BPersonal data protection comes into focus.CNetizens are sensitive to online information.DNearly all smartphones contain security fl

16、aws.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知，本段主要在阐述个人信息通过互联网泄露的问题，由此可推知，保护个人信息安全引起了人们的关注。故选B。3Who does Chinas first cybersecurity law mainly intend to regulate?AWebsite designers.BIllegal hackers.CNetwork operators. DInternetbased companies.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“It rules that network operators . freely.”可知，中国首部网络安全法的主要

17、目的是规范网络运营商。故选C。4What will be probably mentioned after the last paragraph?AForeign practices to safeguard cybersecurity.BCountries producing laws of national security.CEffective ways to deal with personal security.DAdvice on how to avoid leaking personal data.解析：选A推理判断题。最后一段提及除中国外其他国家也在保护个人信息安全，由此可以推

18、知，后文要讲述其他国家在这方面采取的措施。故选A。.完形填空(2021长治质检)One of my earliest memories was watching my Mom talk on our old telephone.I was _1_ that she could talk to someone who wasnt actually in the _2_ with her.When she finally hung up and left the room, I slowly walked over to the phone and _3_ at it for a while.I

19、was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldnt _4_.That was a long time ago. _5_ we had mobile phones that could be _6_ around the room.Then came computers and smart phones.These days I can send a(n) _7_ halfway around the world in a second.My daughters smart phone has a hundred apps

20、 and a dozen social media accounts.She _8_ all of her information in a mysterious place _9_ as “the cloud”It seems that we are more _10_ in this world than ever before._11_， what bothers me is that we _12_ connect with each other nowadays.Few people write letters to each other these days.Few take th

21、e time to talk _13_.Instead of talking on the phone, we text.Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones, we stare at our _14_.It seems as if the most connected generations were also the _15_.Dont let technology take our time and _16_ our life.Make the time to talk, to live, and to love.Make

22、the time to meet and to communicate with each other.Take a walk on the beach with a_17_.Sit on the porch and watch the sunset.Play a game with the people around you.Have a long conversation with the phones off and the _18_ on.Connect offline as well as online.We should_19_ each other, help each othe

23、r and make this world a _20_ place.When your technology can help you to do these things then use it.But when it cant turn it off.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。随着现代科技的发展，很多人沉迷于手机，严重地影响了人们的生活。让我们主动放下手机，开心地享受生活。1A.disappointedBfascinatedCshocked Dannoyed解析：选B根据空处所在的句子可知，作者的妈妈通过电话与在其他地方的人进行交谈，这强烈地吸引了(fascinated)作者。故选

24、B。2A.office BkitchenCroom Dyard解析：选C根据下文“When she finally hung up and left the room”可知，作者的妈妈在房间里(room)与他人通话。故选C。3A.knocked BsmiledCpointed Dstared解析：选D根据语境可知，作者对此很好奇，因此走到电话旁，盯着电话看了一会儿。stare at是固定搭配，意为“盯着”。故选D。4A.see BhearCknow Dtouch解析：选A根据前文可知，作者想知道妈妈是如何设法与看(see)不见的人交谈的。故选A。5A.Yet BLaterCShortly DO

25、nce解析：选B根据上文的“That was a long time ago.”可知，这里交代时间的先后顺序，先有电话，之后(Later)就有了可以随身携带的(carried)手机。故选B。6A.borrowed BrepairedCcarried Dsold解析：选C参见上题解析。7A.letter BinvitationCtelegraph Demail解析：选D根据空处所在的句子可知，现在能在很短时间内发电子邮件(email)。故选D。8A.stores BsharesCdownloads Dupdates解析：选A根据空后的“the cloud”和常识可知，“云空间”是储存信息的地方，

26、作者的女儿把所有的信息储存(stores)在云盘里。故选A。9A.appointed BknownCremembered Dconsidered解析：选B根据语境可知，作者的女儿把信息储存在一个被称为“云空间”的神秘的地方。be known as是固定搭配，意为“被称作”。故选B。10A.convenient BinformedCconnected Dknowledgeable解析：选C根据空处所在的句子和常识可知，智能手机让我们比以前联系(connected)更密切了。故选C。11A.Meanwhile BMoreoverCTherefore DHowever解析：选D根据空处所在句可知，智

27、能手机虽然让我们更亲密了，然而(however)人与人之间的“联系”越来越少(rarely)了。故选D。12A.rarely BnearlyCusually Dnever解析：选A参见上题解析。13A.hand in hand Bface to faceCside by side Dback to back解析：选B根据空处所在句可知，很少人花费时间去面对面地(face to face)与他人进行交谈。故选B。14A.notebooks Bbulletin boardCsmart phones Dblue sky解析：选C根据空处所在句可知，我们不是看着亲人的眼睛，而是盯着智能手机(smart

28、 phones)看。故选C。15A.healthiest BwealthiestChappiest Dloneliest解析：选D根据空处所在句可知，联系最方便的这代人也是最孤独的(loneliest)。故选D。16A.ruin BenrichCimprove Dchange解析：选A根据空处所在句可知，不要让先进的技术夺走我们的时间，毁掉(ruin)我们的生活。故选A。17A.guide BfriendCstranger Dtourist解析：选B根据空处所在句可知，和你的朋友(friend)一起去海滨散步。故选B。18A.electricity BmusicChearts Dlights解

29、析：选C关掉电话，敞开心扉(hearts)，进行一次长谈。故选C。19A.beat BimpressCinfluence Dlove解析：选D根据空所在的句子可知，我们应该彼此相爱(love)，互相帮助，让这个世界更加美好(better)。故选D。20A.better BcleanerCnewer Dquieter解析：选A参见上题解析。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)substitute popularityportable software download electronic milestone alternative

30、 accelerate transplant sacrifice equipment connection effective patent advantage determination achievement update invention (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空download, substitute, electronic, accelerate, alternative, update, advantage1The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car.2Whenever necessary they can do

31、wnload all kinds of information from the Internet.3We must substitute a new chair for the broken one.4I have no alternative but to report him to the police.5The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live a lowcarbon life.6In addition, many of the computers in the electronic reading room dont w

32、ork well.7New surveys suggest that people are more stressful and working longer hours than ever with technological tools constantly updated.单句语法填空1We have taken effective (effect) measures to preserve our natural resources.2Mary felt cut off from the outside world, since she lacked an Internet conne

33、ction (connect) and couldnt receive any email.3With the popularity (popular) of the Internet, more and more people prefer to go shopping online because of its advantages.4Most of the teaching equipment (equip) presented by the Hope Project, as well as the books, is made good use of in the village sc

34、hool.5Brave men and women sacrifice everything to make this world a safer place.6Many people consider the cell phone as one of the greatest inventions (invent) of the last century.7She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific achievements (achieve)8When faced with problems, we sho

35、uld overcome them with great determination (determine) and strong willpower.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1The keyboard is a large and clumsy instrument as far as portable computers are concerned. 便携的2In our country，starting school is a milestone for both children and parents. 里程碑3I would clone a lot of human organ

36、s, so I can let those who need organ transplant regain their lives. 移植4The trademark is registered on the book of the Patent Office. 专利5You can use this software to burn custom compilations of your favorite tunes. 软件二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解People are less willing to rely on their knowledge and say they know s

37、omething when they have access (接近) to the Internet, suggesting that our connection to the web is affecting how we think.Professor Evan Risko, of the Department of Psychology at the University of Waterloo, led a recent study where the team asked about 100 participants (参与者) a series of generalknowle

38、dge questions, such as naming the capital of France.For half of the study, participants had access to the Internet.They had to look up the answer when they responded that they did not know the answer.In the other half of the study, participants did not have access to the Internet.The team found that

39、 the people who had access to the web were about 5 percent more likely to say that they did not know the answer to the question.Furthermore, in some cases, the people with access to the Internet reported feeling as though they knew less compared to the people without access.“With the popularity of t

40、he Internet, we are almost frequently connected to large amounts of information.And when that data is within reach, people seem less likely to rely on their own knowledge，” said Professor Risko.Studying the results, the researchers thought that access to the Internet might make it less acceptable to

41、 say you know something but are incorrect.It is also possible that participants were more likely to say they didnt know an answer when they had access to the web because online searching offers an opportunity to confirm their answer, and the process of finding out the answer is rewarding.“Our result

42、s suggest that access to the Internet affects the decisions we make about what we know and dont know，” said Risko.“We hope this research helps us understand how easy access to large amounts of information can influence our thinking and behaviour.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们现在更多地是依靠互联网获取知识，而不是依赖自身掌握的知识。这

43、说明了互联网在影响着人们的思想，人们也越来越依靠互联网。1The study by Professor Risko shows that _.Awe are easily cheated by the webBthe web is making our life harderCwe are becoming dependent on the webDthe web helps us make correct decisions解析：选C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，Risko教授的研究表明人们越来越依靠互联网，故选C。2What do we know about the questions

44、asked in the study?AThey were funny.BThey were simple.CThey were personal. DThey were difficult.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“generalknowledge questions”可知，这些问题非常简单。故选B。3In the study, the participants with access to the web _.Amade more progressBshowed less confidenceCgave wrong answersDshowed more optimism

45、解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，能使用互联网的人不如那些不能使用互联网的人对自己有信心。故选B。4What does the word “data” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AGoal. BDream.CDistance. DInformation.解析：选D词义猜测题。画线部分的上句提到，随着互联网的普及人们能够频繁地接触到大量的信息，由此可推知，data指的是上一句提到的information，故选D。.阅读七选五Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in SchoolA new study warns

46、that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school._1_ They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students chances of success in school.More than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project._2_ It is said to

47、 be the first ever longterm study in Northern Ireland on the influence of information technology on school test results.The study found that teenagers who played computer games less than once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more.41% of the students who

48、 used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams._3_ The study found that social media use did not affect school performance.Caline McStravick is the director of the National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland.She says the study showed no connection between social

49、media and test results.“_4_ I think thats more because social media is part of every childs life.Its the way they communicate.Its the way they keep in touch with their friends.”Many parents say their children are becoming increasingly dependent on computer games.Some have compared gaming to a drug a

50、ddiction._5_ It suggested that computer games can cause children to stay awake late at night.Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in school the next day.AHowever, the study did not explore addiction.BThe new games are much different from older ones.CIt was clear that social me

51、dia didnt have any effect.DIt took place over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015.EThat compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.FDrug addiction does great harm to their health and performance at school.GBritains National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of

52、the study.1选G根据空前一句和空后的“They show that too many hours .”可知，这项新研究警告，花费过多时间玩电脑游戏会影响孩子们的在校表现；据此可以判断，空处是这一研究结论的来源，故选G。2选D根据空后一句可知，空处介绍的是研究的时间，故选D。3选E根据空前一句可知，E项中的“77%”以及“compared”都表明是与空前一句的比较。4选C根据空前一句可知，社交媒体与考试成绩之间没有联系，C项中的“social media”与空前一句中的“social media”相对应，且下文内容对C项进行了解释说明。故选C。5选A空前一句说一些家长将玩电脑游戏与毒瘾

53、进行了对比，根据空后内容可以判断，空处是一个承上启下句，与前文构成转折关系，故选A。.书面表达为了共同防控新型冠状病毒肺炎，学期初教育部发布了延期开学的通知，全国各地执行“停课不停教，停课不停学”的工作安排，学生在家进行了一个多月的网课学习。假定你是晨光中学的李华，作为参与网课学习的一员，请你向China Daily报刊所开辟的“Online Teaching”专栏投稿，就近期的网课学习体验谈谈线上教学的利与弊。内容包括：1线上教学的利弊；2个人观点与看法。注意：1.词数100 左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：新型冠状病毒肺炎：COVID19

54、Dear Editor， Yours sincerely，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Editor，As a result of the spread of COVID19, the Ministry of Education issued a notice to postpone the start of school.Nearly all the students receive online teaching at home.As we all know, everything has two sides.On the one hand，online teaching not onl

55、y can prevent us from being affected, but also can be convenient for our daily life and study.Moreover, after class we can find the videos which we did not understand and then study again.On the other hand, online teaching will increase our chances to use computer, which will be harmful to our health.Whats more，online teaching will reduce the communication among students and teachers.In my opinion, I prefer online education because it can help us save a lot of time.Yours sincerely，Li Hua