2021新高考英语人教版一轮复习学案：第一编 必修1 UNIT 4　EARTHQUAKES WORD版含解析.doc

1、 Unit 4Earthquakes晨背分钟 填词并背记A Horrible EarthquakeDirty water rose in wells and canals before the earthquake. But no one judged that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Millions of brick houses and a number of dams were destroyed. Railway tra

2、cks became useless bars. Pipes in mines burst and let out smelly steam. Huge cracks trapped cyclists everywhere.The next day, this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporters giving an outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shocked by the damage and the victims

3、extreme suffering. People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived！”. So they not only expressed their sympathy sincerely, but also organized together to help the victims right away. The injured were rescued and the dead were buried.

4、The frightened survivors were dug out from under the ruins and were offered shelter, fresh water and electricity. Thanks to peoples help, the loss was minimized.一场可怕的地震地震前，水井和运河里的污水都涨涌起来。但是却没人判断出地震即将来临。霎那间，一切都在摇晃，似乎整个世界就要结束。数以百万的砖房和许多水坝遭到破坏；铁路轨道都变成无用的铁条；煤矿管道纷纷爆裂，发出有臭味的蒸汽；到处都有骑车的人被巨大的裂缝陷住。第二天，所有报纸都纷纷

5、以大字标题或主要标题报道了这一事件。记者们描述了灾难的大概情况，全国都被地震的破坏和灾民们极度的苦难所震惊。当人们读到幸存者以“恭喜啊，你还活着。”来互相安慰时，都被感动了。人们不仅衷心地表达了他们的同情，而且还立刻组织起来帮助灾民。伤员被救助了，死者被埋葬了，吓坏的幸存者被从废墟中挖出来了，避难所、净水和电力也很快开始供应。多亏了人们的帮助，灾区的损失被减到了最小。1nation (n.) 民族；国家；国民national (adj.) 国家的；民族的2dirt (n.) 污垢；泥土dirty (adj.) 脏的，肮脏的3extreme (adj.) 极度的extremely (adv.)

6、极度地4survivor (n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物survive (vt.& vi.) 幸存；存活下来survival (n.) 生存；存活；幸存5destroy (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭destruction (n.) 破坏；摧毁6useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的useful (adj.) 有用的7electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学electric (n.) 电的；导电的electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；电学的8frighten (vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening (a

7、dj.) 令人恐惧的9congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数) congratulations 贺词congratulate (vt.) 祝贺10think little of 轻视；认为没什么了不起11be proud of 以为自豪12in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪13be trapped in 陷入14be buried in 埋头于(学习、工作等)15burst out 爆发重点知识分钟burst vi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发(P26)(1)单句语法填空Suddenly the door opened and a group of children bur

8、st .At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst joy.答案：inwith(2)单句写作句式升级听到儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息，这对夫妇突然哭起来。a普通表达： that their son died in the earthquake, . (时间状语从句)b高级表达： that their son died in the earthquake, . (分词短语作状语)答案：a.When they heard the bad news; the

9、couple burst into tearsbHearing the bad news; the couple burst out crying(1)burst in 突然闯进；突然出现burst into . 闯入；突然起来burst out 突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫burst with 充满burst into laughterburst out laughing 突然大笑起来burst into tearsburst out crying 突然大哭起来(2)a burst of 一阵名师点津burst into与burst out都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”的意思，但b

10、urst into后面接名词，burst out后面接动名词。ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产(P26)单句写作以前，这座寺庙是一座废墟，现在变成了休闲娱乐中心。In the past the temple was ， but now it has turned into an entertainment center.政府的投资阻止了葡萄园的衰败。The investment from the government stopped the vineyards from .答案：in ruinsfalling into ruin(1)in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪bring

11、 . to ruin 使毁灭；使没落fall in/into ruin 成为废墟(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉injure vt. 损害；伤害(P26)单句写作锻炼时一定要小心，以免受伤。When doing exercise, do be careful not to .在志愿者的帮助下，受伤人员及时得到了救助。With the help of the volunteers, were saved in time.答案：get injuredthe injured(1)be/get injured 受伤(2)injur

12、y n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人(3)injured adj. 受伤的the injured 伤者；伤员(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)shock vt.& vi. (使)震惊；震动n. 休克；打击；震惊(P26)单句语法填空When I told them the whole thing, they were all shock, and they couldnt believe it.She was taken to hospital, apparently (shock)The reason for this (s

13、hock) attack seemed to be racial hatred.答案：inshockedshocking(1)in shock 吃惊地；震惊地(2)shocked adj. (主语多为人)吃惊的；震惊的be shocked by 因震惊/受到打击(3)shocking adj. (主语多为物)令人震惊的；惊人的名师点津shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，通常与不定冠词a连用。即：抽象名词具体化。judge n. 法官；裁判员vt. 判断；断定；判决(P30)单句语法填空Never judge a book its cover. (judge) from what h

14、e said, he was confident to win the first prize in the Chinese Character Dictation Contest (汉字听写大赛)It was due to luck rather than (judge) that the driver succeeded in avoiding the accident.Schools tend to (judge) by the performance of their students in exams.答案：byJudgingjudgment/judgementbe judged(1

15、)judging from/by . 根据来判断(2)judge sb./sth. from/by . 以来判断某人/某物judge sb./sth. (to be) . 判定某人/某物为(3)judgment/judgement n. 判断；审判；判断力名师点津judging from/by . 置于句首作状语。v.ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking “一般来说”，frankly speaking “坦白地说”，considering . “考虑到”。at an end 结束；终结(P26)单句语法填空The meeting

16、was nearly an end when I got to the meeting room.Its hard work but if you hang on you will succeed the end. the end of this week, I will have finished most of the work.Many families struggled to make (end) meet in economic crisis.At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up (apol

17、ogize)答案：atinByendsapologizing(1)at the end of 在尽头；在末端by the end of 到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时连用)in the end 最后；终于(2)put . to an end put an end to . 使结束come to an end 完成；结束(3)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出(4)end up with 以结束end up doing sth.以而告终(5)ending n. 结局；结尾endless adj. 无止境的；连续的a (great) number of 许多；大量的

18、(P27)单句语法填空Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help, (offer) since the organization was built.A great deal of money (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.Large amounts of money (spend) on advertisements every year.As you can see, the numbe

19、r of cars on our roads (keep) rising these days.A large number of people (apply) for the job since then.Many a famous pop star (ruin) by drugs.答案：have been offeredwas donatedare spentkeepshave appliedhas been ruined可数名词复数不可数名词单数可数名词单数谓语动词名师点津(1)a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of 加复数名词作主语时，

20、谓语动词用单数形式。(2)a great many后修饰可数名词时，通常不加of，但名词前有定冠词the或形容词性物主代词等限定词修饰时，要加上of。(3)large quantities ofpl. n/U n作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity ofpl. n/U n作主语，谓语动词应和名词的数保持一致：复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式；不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。large amounts ofU n作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large amount ofU n作主语，谓语动词用单数。It seemed as if the world was at an end!

21、(P26)单句语法填空When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it (be) broken.He behaved as if nothing (happen)She walked here and there on the playground as if (look) for something.答案：werehad happenedlooking(1)本句中as ifas though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词

22、之后。(2)as if还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生/存在的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should do名师点津如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词的某种形式，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。All hope was not lost. (P26)(1)单句语法填空He had lost h

23、is courage and his health in the war and never found of them again.I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with .答案：eithereverything(2)把下列部分否定的句子改为全部否定Not everything she did pleased him. Both of them are not my brothers. 答案：Nothing she did pleased him.Neither of them is my brother.(1)英语

24、中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否定词not连用时，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。名师点津both的全部否定为neither; all的全部否定为none;

25、either 与否定词连用表全部否定。课文语法填空分钟A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in 1 thousands of people died and many were injured. Many houses fell down and sand filled the wells instead of water. Thousands of families were killed and many children 2 (leave) without parents. People wer

26、e 3 (great) shocked. All the electricity in the city was cut 4 and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was 5 (destroy) and it seemed as if the world was at an 6 . The people of Tangshan didnt lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were sent

27、7 (help) the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig out those who 8 (trap). Workers also built shelters for the survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. 9 (slow), the city began to come back to life. 10 was said that before the quake, strange things were happening i

28、n the countryside. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of them.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1.which2.were left3.greatly4.off5.destroyed6.end

29、7.to help8.were trapped9.Slowly10.Itleave宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语可用形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等充当。everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何处”。too . to . 意为“太而不能”，表示否定意义，需要注意的是too前面有never/cant等时，为双重否定表示肯定。looking for . 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词作状语和主语要保持逻辑上的主谓关系。随堂检测分钟.单句语法填空1When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our bac

30、ks, tired to move.答案：too2When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings (destroy)答案：were destroyed3If it hadnt been for your timely help, we (trap) in a dilemma now.答案：would be trapped4On seeing the former champion of the Olympics appears on the stage, t

31、he audience burst out (cheer)答案：cheering5Twofifths of the students in our class (be) fond of pop music.答案：are6The factory, is reported in the local newspapers, will insist on reforming the present system which has slowed its development.答案：as7I received his mothers phone call at ten. Only then did I

32、 know that he was badly (injure) in an accident the day before yesterday.答案：injured8A large number of soldiers were sent there (rescue) those trapped in the building.答案：to rescue9Thank you for your letter conveying (congratulate) on my appointment.答案：congratulations10As a matter of fact, it was an (

33、extreme) difficult and dangerous task.答案：extremely.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。(shake) 答案：One night, everything began to shake.2水管爆裂，电力中断。(burst; cut off) 答案：The pipes burst and the electricity was cut off.3世界似乎到了末日。(It seemed as if .; be at an end) 答案：It seemed as if the world was at an end.4有些人受

34、伤，有些人被埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪。(injure; bury) 答案：Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing.5从那时的情况判断，还有些被困群众等待着救援。(judge from; trap; rescue) 答案：Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.6并不是没有了希望。(all . not .) 答案：But all hope was not lost.

35、7很快士兵被派遣到那里营救他们，用飞机、火车和卡车向市内运来了食品和饮用水。全城又恢复了生机。(rescue; breathe again) 答案：Soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：One night, everything began to shake, with

36、 the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing. Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue. But all hope was not lost, because soldiers were se

37、nt to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.单元拓能训练单元话题写作应用文假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你的美国朋友汤姆所在的城市发生了地震。请你给汤姆写一封信，内容包括：1对朋友汤姆及其家人表示关切；2得知该地震造成的后果感到很难过；3询问汤姆及其家人是否安好；4愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文

38、Dear Tom，How are you doing? When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city. I am really concerned about you and your family.Im so sorry to hear about the disaster, which caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured. Whats more, 29 perso

39、ns were missing and over 200 houses fell down. Please tell me what your life is like now. I hope that none of your family members were injured.Please dont be worried. Everything will be fine. If you need any help, please let me know. As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.Best wishes!Yours sincerely，Li Hua