2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Theworldofcoloursandlight课后达标检测牛津译林版选修8.doc

1、Unit 3 The world of colours and light课时练12篇阅读1篇完形学生用书P399(单独成册) 阅读理解A(2020黄山高三模拟)In Mark Turins article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that ma

2、ny people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is cons

3、idered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has beco

4、me a canvas(画布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that i

5、s breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more,

6、 is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these w

7、orks of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过论述涂鸦与公共空间的关系，进而探讨涂鸦是否为艺术。作者认为判断其是否为艺术应该根据涂鸦的质量而非存在的地方。1Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti _Ais not an art formBis too simple to be considered artCcan only sometimes be considered a work of artDshould be restricted to p

8、laces where it is allowedA解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In Mark Turins article Protecting Our Public Spaces in issue 14, he claims that all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”可知，Mark Turin显然认为涂鸦不是一种艺术形式。2The author argues that graffiti _Ais the only

9、 art form that is freeBis best viewed on public walls rather than canvasesCprovides more public benefits than sculptures doDshould be judged on artistic qualities rather than placesD解析：细节理解题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being c

10、onsidered real art.”可知，作者认为评价涂鸦应该根据其艺术品质而不是其所在地点。3The author concludes his passage by _Arestating his positionBquestioning the magazineCoffering an answer to the matterDidentifying the benefits of graffitiC解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffi

11、ti artists.”可推知，作者是通过提供一个解决办法来结束文章的。B(2020济南模拟)We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hoursabout 10 hours and 39 minutes a dayat our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exp

12、osing ourselves to blue light.Blue light is a type of electromagnetic(电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While its true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, theres no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to o

13、ur eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular. So do the glasses work?“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but theres no evidence that it may be causing serious damage，” Dr. Rahul Khurana, clinical spokesman

14、 for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, told Business Insider.Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. But if blue light isnt harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when were looking

15、 at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳): More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems, isnt the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So if eyestrain is

16、 the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.【解题导语】该文主要探讨了蓝光是否对我们的眼睛有害的问题。4What do we know about blue light?AIt is a kind of nuclear radiation.BIt has the shortest wavelength.CIt may come from electronic devices.DIt consumes a great deal of energy.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It might be,

17、 mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.”可推知，电子设备会发出蓝光。5What causes the popularity of bluelightblocking glasses?AEvidence of their benefits to eyes.BBelief in blue lights harmful effect.CWidespread use of smart devices.DScientific understanding of blue ligh

18、t.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theres no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular.”可知，防蓝光眼镜流行的原因是人们认为蓝光会对眼睛有害。6What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?ABlue light exposure is hardly avoidable.BE

19、ye problems are not easy to deal with.CBlue light may connect with tired eyes.DRubbing eyes makes people strained.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的前三句“Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light.”可知，阳光是蓝光最大的来源，而且蓝光也存在于LED

20、灯中。由此可推知，接触蓝光几乎是不可避免的。7According to the text, wearing bluelightblocking glasses may be _AtiringBharmfulCuseless DbeneficialC解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.”可知，戴防蓝光眼镜可能是没有用处的。 完形填空(2020长沙统一模拟)Steve was a seventh grader, a big boy

21、, looking more like a teenager than a 12yearold. Yet, he went unnoticedhe had been _1_ every examination since first gradeuntil Miss Wilma appeared.In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire seventh grade was _2_for basic skills.“You all did pretty well，” Miss Wilma told the class aft

22、er going over the_3_， “except for one boy. And it _4_ my heart to tell you this, but.” she _5_， “the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” Steve _6_ his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.After that, Steve still wouldnt do his homework. Even if Miss Wilma _7_ punished him,

23、he remained _8_“Steve, please! I care about you！”_9_， Steve got it！“Someone CARES ABOUT ME？！”One Monday a couple of weeks later, Miss Wilma gave a _10_ on the weekend homework. Steve _11_ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper. With a look of _12_， Miss Wilma took his paper and bega

24、n to look it over.Miss Wilmas face was in a _13_ shock! She glanced up at Steve, then _14_， then up. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!From that moment, nothing was the same for Steve. He discovered that not only could he remember and understand _15_， but he could

25、translate what he learned into his life. He became _16_After high school, Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a(n) _17_ military career. During his naval years, he inspired many young people who might not have _18_ themselves without him.A _19_ took place within the heart of a boy all because of

26、one teacher, who _20_【解题导语】Steve曾经每次考试都不及格，但是Miss Wilma看到成绩的时候，却说他是班里最聪明的学生，并且告诉他老师非常关心他。Steve感受到老师对自己的良苦用心，从此刻苦学习，改变了自己的命运。老师对他的影响促使他用同样的方法去影响并且帮助更多的人。1A.missingBfailingCpassing DskippingB解析：根据下文可知，Steve学习成绩很差。故可推知，他自一年级以来成绩就不及格，故选B。下文中的“failing”也是提示。2A.tested BclassifiedCseparated DdismissedA解析：根据

27、语境及下文内容可知，此处是说第一学期期中七年级全部学生进行基本技能测试。test“测试”符合语境。3A.questions BeffectsClessons DresultsD解析：根据上文可知，七年级全部学生进行了基本技能测试，故此处应是指查看测试成绩(results)。4A.fills BpressesCbreaks DdestroysC解析：根据语境可知，此处表示告诉Steve他考试没及格使Miss Wilma心碎。break “使心碎”。5A.shouted BhesitatedCinterrupted DlaughedB解析：根据语境可知，Miss Wilma的语意有所转折，故此处表

28、示她犹豫(hesitated)了一下继续说道。6A.dropped BraisedCcovered DclosedA解析：根据语境可知，Steve此次测试未及格，所以当Miss Wilma提到Steve的时候，Steve双目低垂，认真检查自己的指尖。drop ones eyes“垂下眼睛”。7A.strangely BsteadilyCseverely DsecretlyC解析：根据上文“After that, Steve still wouldnt do his homework.”并结合语境可推知，虽然Miss Wilma严厉地(severely)惩罚了Steve，但他仍然很固执(stub

29、born)。8A.helpless BstubbornCflexible DcrazyB解析：参见上题解析。9A.Commonly BUnwillinglyCParticularly DSuddenlyD解析：根据语境可知，Steve突然顿悟，有人关心着自己。suddenly“突然”符合语境。10A.quiz BchanceCspeech DpresentationA解析：根据下文“Steve _ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper.”可知，该处表示Miss Wilma组织了一场小测试(quiz)。11A.slept

30、BlookedClived DhurriedD解析：根据该句中的“was the first to hand in his paper”可推知，Steve很快就完成了测试。hurry“急忙(做某事)”符合语境。12A.disappointment BsurpriseCsatisfaction DinspirationB解析：根据下文“Miss Wilmas face was in a _ shock！”可知，Miss Wilma对Steve的表现非常惊讶(surprise)。disappointment“失望”；satisfaction“满意”；inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”

31、。13A.bitter BtotalCprecious DridiculousB解析：根据语境可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊。a total shock“深感震惊”为固定搭配。14A.down BawayCout DbackA解析：根据该句“She glanced up at Steve, then _， then up.”可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊，上下打量Steve。down“向下”符合语境。15A.homework BgradesCknowledge DsubjectsC解析：根据语境以及空后的“but he could translate what he learned i

32、nto his life”可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识(knowledge)应用到生活中。16A.outstanding BlazyCrough DtroublesomeA解析：根据上文内容可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识应用到生活中。由此可推知，他变得很优秀(outstanding)。17A.tiring BordinaryChardworking DsuccessfulD解析：根据上文并结合语境可推知，毕业后，Steve参加了海军，而且在军队中很成功。tiring“令人困倦的”；ordinary“普通的”；hardworking“努力的”

33、。18A.relied on Blooked afterCturned to Dbelieved inD解析：根据语境可知，Steve在海军服役期间鼓舞了许多年轻人，如果没有他，这些年轻人可能不会相信(believed in)自己。19A.competition BchoiceCchange DcampaignC解析：根据上文可知，Steve在Miss Wilma的关心(cared)下，发生了改变(change)。20A.waited BlistenedCwished DcaredD解析：参见上题解析。与上文中的“I care about you！”呼应。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空

34、学生用书P401(单独成册) 阅读理解A(2020安徽重点中学模拟)One of the easiest ways to stop the spread of disease is to simply wash your hands. Twenty seconds of handwashing with soap and water can reduce illnesses and save lives. But, many people, especially children, do not have good handwashing habits. One problem is that

35、 children do not wash their hands often enough or long enough. Children may think that it is a tiresome thing to do.To help handle this problem, two businesswomen from India created a product to turn handwashing into a fun activity. Amanat Anand and Shubham Issar created a tool called SoaPen, aimed

36、at teaching kids good handwashing habits and encouraging kids to wash their hands with soap appropriately and regularly.“Its such a simple habit to do, but the fact is that people arent doing it, and its resulting in actual deathswhich is shocking. So, we decided to come up with a fun method，” said

37、Issar.As the name suggests, SoaPen is a pen made out of soap. The children draw on their hands with the soap pen and then wash the drawing off. If they dont spend enough time washing it off, the colors remain on the childrens hands. Issar said it makes sure that children take enough time to wash the

38、ir hands. This may be especially helpful in a classroom. Often a teacher does not have the time to make each child wash his hands properly.Kids actually wash their hands for the proper amount of time because theyre drawing on their hands. To obliterate the drawing, they actually wash their hands ins

39、tead of just going under water and, you know, a onesecond wash and off.Good news is that the school children in Mumbai, India, will soon most likely wash their hands after handling a pet. Issar and Anand stated that SoaPen to be created everywhere will help promote good habits through handwashing in

40、 the city across the globe.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SoaPen。SoaPen是一款画笔样式的液态洗手产品，孩子们可用它在手上涂抹然后洗手，如果他们没有花足够的时间洗手，颜色会留在他们的手上，这会让洗手充满乐趣。1Why does SoaPen come into existence?ATo cure kids of some kinds of diseases.BTo teach kids the importance of soap.CTo help kids wash their hands correctly.DTo make money from

41、 children consumers.C解析：细节理解题。依据第一段中的“One problem is that children do not wash their hands often enough or long enough.”可知，问题是孩子们洗手的频率不够或洗手的时间不够长；再联系第二段中的“aimed at teaching kids good handwashing habits and encouraging kids to wash their hands with soap appropriately and regularly”可知，发明SoaPen的目的在于让孩子

42、们养成良好的洗手习惯，由此可知选项C正确。2Which of the following does Issar agree with?AHandwashing is anything but little.BSoaPen is designed for classrooms.CSome teachers ignore kids health in school.DKids dont know the right way of handwashing.A解析：细节理解题。依据第三段Issar的话“Its such a simple habit to do, but the fact is tha

43、t people arent doing it, and its resulting in actual deaths”可知，有些人因为没有养成良好的洗手习惯而死亡，由此可知，洗手习惯对我们的健康是至关重要的，故选A项。3What does the underlined word “obliterate” in paragraph 5 mean?AShow.BReserve.CLearn. DRemove.D解析：词义猜测题。依据该段的“Kids actually wash their hands for the proper amount of time because theyre dra

44、wing on their hands.”可知，孩子们需要用足够的时间去洗手才能洗掉SoaPen的图案，由画线词后的内容可知，为了消除SoaPen留在手上的痕迹，孩子们不再只是匆匆洗手了。由此可知，画线词与remove意思相近，故选D项。4What can we learn from the last paragraph?ASoaPen has become popular worldwide.BThe inventors think SoaPen has a bright future.CSoaPen has been applied in Mumbai schools.DKids heal

45、th should be paid more attention to.B解析：推理判断题。依据该段的“Issar and Anand stated that SoaPen to be created everywhere will help.across the globe.”可知，发明者表示SoaPen将在世界各地生产，这也会促进在全球推广好的洗手习惯，她们对SoaPen的未来有信心，由此可知选项B正确。B(2020东北三省四市二模)You cant see your sleeping pets brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when

46、 your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, youll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slowwave sleep. After about 15 minutes youll notice a change in her breathing. Her eyes move under her c

47、losed lids, her paws twitch(抽动) and she flicks(轻拂) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she cant run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis(麻痹)”Michel Jouvet, a French

48、scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldnt see and arched their backs at unseen enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising

49、 important cat skills: following, pouncing, and fighting.In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats brain waves while they learned mazes. One day, he left the brainwaverecording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze

50、so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fightin

51、g and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minute

52、s, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，动物和人类一样，也经常会做梦，梦的内容常常跟学习重要的技能和弄清最近学习的东西相关；体型越小的动物，做梦的频率越高。5What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?AThe dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.BThe drea

53、ming cats often practise their important skills.CThe eyes of dreaming cats move while bodies are still.DThe legs of the dreaming cats cant move.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills：following, pouncing, and fighting.”可知，这些做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫科动物技能：跟随、猛扑

54、和打斗。据此可知，Michel Jouvet在研究中发现，睡梦中的猫经常训练重要的技能，故B项正确。6What can you know about dreaming from the passage?ADreaming a lot can help humans learn more.BLearning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.CRats often dream to work out their recent learning.DFighting and escaping are not important skills for

55、 ancestors.C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Many researchers now think that in both people and animals，one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning.”可知，许多研究人员现在认为，无论是人还是动物，做梦的一个目的都是练习重要的技能，并弄清最近学习的东西；据此可推知，老鼠经常通过做梦来弄清楚最近学习的东西，故C项正确。7Which animal may dream most frequently?AR

56、ats. BDogs.CCows. DElephants.A解析：细节理解题。根据尾段可知，动物做梦的频率跟它们的体型大小有关，猫每15分钟做一次梦，老鼠每9分钟做一次梦，大象每2小时做一次梦。据此可知，老鼠做梦的频率最高，故A项正确。8How does the author develop his passage?ABy making comparisons. BBy using figures.CBy telling stories. DBy showing facts.D解析：写作手法题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Although she twitches and makes little

57、grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she cant run about.”并结合全文其他内容可知，文中列举了大量事实来说明动物做梦的现象，从而组织文章，故D项正确。 七选五(2020南昌高三段考)Public SpeakingPublic speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners.The types of public

58、speaking are deliberately structured with three general purposes: to inform, to persuade and to entertain the audience. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience. 1._ For persuasive speech, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of

59、 the audience for their own good. Thus, the speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on. The last type is a ceremonial speech. It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches. No matter how well you know the pe

60、rson you are giving speech to, try not to say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke.2_ Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last. Aside from it, knowing who the audience will be is quite necessary. Try to get as

61、much information as possible regarding this particular area related to the audience. Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage. Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. 3._ A speaker needs to choose their words carefull

62、y and make it clear to the audience what they mean. Often, when given a speech, the audience look to the speaker to give them something new and useful. 4._ Language and delivery(演讲方式) alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language. The movement and gesture of a speaker a

63、lso affect the audience. While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important things that have been said. 5._AIt needs to be used clearly.BThese speeches mark special occasions.CThe important thing to watch about is not to put

64、 in too much information.DThe key of perfecting anything is through practice, including public speaking.EThey can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.FKnowing how public speaking is done is a key part in understanding the importance of it.GThus, the speaker

65、 needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audiences expectation.【解题导语】本文介绍了公共演讲的几个类型以及做好演讲所需注意的事项。1C解析：从结构上看，第二段首先介绍了公共演讲的三种目的；接下来对这三种目的分别介绍了其对应的演讲类型以及注意事项，空处位于介绍informative speech这种类型之后，应是说明它的注意事项，故C项表述不要输入太多的信息符合语境。其中information是关键提示词。2D解析：本空是段首句。本段讲述了公共演讲的两个注意事项。下文“Aside from it.i

66、s quite necessary.”讲的是第二个注意事项：要提前了解观众是谁。接着进一步阐述了注意事项。空后讲的是多加练习对于演讲的好处，由此可推知，空处应是第一个注意事项，并且与空后一句中的“practice”相呼应，故选D。3A解析：本空是段中句。空前一句是说语言是演讲中需注意的主要方面。空处应是对其进行进一步的说明，关键词是Language，A项中的It指的就是Language，且根据空后的“make it clear to the audience”可知，A项“它(语言)需要使用得很清楚”符合语境。4G解析：本空是段中句。空前讲的是观众期待演讲者能给他们新的有用的东西，故G项“因此，

67、演讲者需要了解如何发表他们的演讲来满足观众的期待”与空前一句构成逻辑上的因果关系，故G项符合语境。5E解析：本空是段尾句。空前讲的是演讲者可以重申要点，提醒观众所讲的重要事情来结束演讲，空处应是叙述另一种结束方式，故E项符合语境。 语法填空(2020陕西摸底检测)Recently researchers have had a finding 1._ singing in groups could have a positive impact on reducing 2._(anxious) and depression. The research is from the University

68、of East Anglia in the UK., in cooperation with a community singing group 3._(call) Sing Your Heart Out. A research team conducted the study 4._(examine) how singing with other people affects mental health. Researchers followed a group of people 5._ attended free weekly singing workshops for six mont

69、hs. They discovered that singing in groups was 6._ essential part in helping people recover from mental illness. In addition, it helped people feel 7._(little) stressed, enhanced their mood and increased their confidence, social skills and feeling of wellbeing. Lead researcher, Professor Tom Shakesp

70、eare, said, “We found that singing as part of a group contributes 8._ peoples recovery from mental health problems.” He added, “All of the 9._(participant) we spoke to reported positive effects as a direct result of taking part in the singing workshops. For some, it 10._(represent) one component of

71、a wider program of support. For others, it stood out as the key to their maintenance of health.”【解题导语】研究发现，合唱可以缓解压力，减少沮丧，有利于精神健康。1that解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句解释说明a finding，作其同位语，空处在句中不作句子成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。2anxiety解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，本空作reducing的宾语，与depression并列，故填名词anxiety。3called解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，

72、动词call和其逻辑主语a community singing group构成动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式called。4to examine解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示一个研究小组进行该研究是为了调查与他人一起唱歌是如何影响精神健康的，表目的，故填动词不定式to examine。5who/that解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为people，从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。6an解析：考查冠词。part在此处为可数名词，且在文中第一次提及，故用不定冠词修饰，又因essential的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。7less解析：考查副词的比较级。根

73、据下文“enhanced their mood.feeling of wellbeing”可知，合唱帮助人们缓解压力，即帮助人们感受到更少的压力，故用副词的比较级less，修饰其后的形容词“stressed”。8to解析：考查介词。contribute to sth.是固定搭配，意为“促成某事”，故填to。9participants解析：考查名词的单复数。participant“参与者”为可数名词，根据空前的“All of the”可知，此处表示复数的概念，故填participants。10represented解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语；根据后一句中的stood out及全文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填represented。