2021版高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习课后达标检测：2 UNIT 20　NEW FRONTIERS WORD版含答案.doc

1、课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解A(2020大连一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house.Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery

2、 Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton

3、 said she immediately had one student in mind.“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but

4、also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.Dobeks design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or SelfGrowing Farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.Then there is physical and leisure activit

5、y for the astronauts under Dobeks design. A simulator(模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.“I want to tell other ki

6、ds to follow their passions，” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.”【解题导语】本文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。1Dobek first became interested in space when _Ashe was still a seventh graderBshe studied at a junior high schoolCshe lived on the top

7、of their houseDshe watched an eclipse of the moonD解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house.”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。2Smeeton recommended th

8、at Dobek take the challenge because _Ashe knew Dobek liked challenges in lifeBshe had no other students interested in MarsCDobek knew how to research bone density of astronautsDshe was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performanceD解析：推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。3What

9、does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?AThe environment on Mars.BThe safety of the supplies.CThe activities for astronauts.DThe comfort of the astronauts.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也能感到舒适。B(2020兰州高三诊断)A n

10、ew chapter opened in mankinds exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on the moons far side reached its destination after a 26day journey. The Change 4 lunar probe, representing Chinas latest step in lunar investigation, landed at 10：26 am at the Von Krmn crater

11、 and then sent back three photos of the landing site shot by cameras on the probes lander(着陆器), marking the worlds first images taken on the surface of the far side.One of the photos, published by the China National Space Administration, shows the place where Change 4s rover, which was named Yutu 2

12、on Thursday night, will be heading to explore and survey. Thus began the first long journey to the side of the moon that faces away from the Earth. It is meant to fulfill scientists longheld desire to closely observe the lesser known region.Tidal(潮汐的)forces on Earth slow the moons rotation to the po

13、int that the same side always faces Earth. The other side, most of which is never visible from Earth, is the far side of the moon. While it has been photographed by spacecraft, starting with a Soviet probe in 1959, no probe had ever made a soft landing there, so scientists had not been able to condu

14、ct surfacelevel observations and surveys of the region.Wu Weiren, chief designer of Chinas lunar program, said in Beijing on Thursday that the landing “was perfect”. He called the event “an important milestone for Chinas space exploration”， adding that it has made a good start for future lunar explo

15、ration efforts.With its investigation of the far side, particularly the Von Krmn crater, the Change 4 mission will enable scientists to find out what they havent known about the moon and deepen their knowledge of its early history and of the solar system.【解题导语】嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，同时也为人类了解

16、月球的背面提供了信息。4What is the first paragraph mainly about?AThe basic data of the Change 4 lunar probe.BThe Change 4s worldfirst landing on the moons far side.CThe Change 4s 26day visit to the far side of the moon.DThe description of the photos taken on the surface of the moons far side.B解析：段落大意题。根据第一段第一句

17、“A new chapter opened in mankinds exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on the moons far side reached its destination after a 26day journey.”可知，本段主要介绍了嫦娥四号实现了人类首次在月球背面着陆。故选B。5What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?AThe lander.BThe r

18、over.CThe far side of the moon.DThe Change 4 lunar probe.C解析：代词指代题。根据第三段的第二句“The other side, most of which is never visible from Earth, is the far side of the moon.”以及画线词所在句中的“While it has been photographed by spacecraft”可知，it在这里指代“the far side of the moon”，故选C。6What can we infer from this text?AIt

19、is only on the moon that people can explore the deep space.BThe scientific information obtained by Change 4 will be new to the world.CIt is the first time for people to see the pictures of the far side of the moon.DChinese space technology is more advanced than that of any other countrys.B解析：推理判断题。根

20、据第一段最后一句中的“marking the worlds first images taken on the surface of the far side”可知，嫦娥四号月球探测器发回的照片是世界上首次在月球背面拍摄的，由此可推知，B项正确。7In which section of a website can we probably read this text?ATourism.BHealth Care.CScience and Technology.DArt and Entertainment.C解析：文章出处题。本文为新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥四号探测器首次在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月

21、工程的巨大进步，由此可推知，本文可能出自一个网站的科技版面。故选C。 完形填空(2020商丘高三模拟)Earlier that evening, my mother called, telling me that my brother died in a car crash. I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) around the house _1_ what to put into the suitcases. My husband, Larry, and I had been _2_ for moving to New Mexico. The house was in (a) tota

22、l _3_I tried to hold my tears. I _4_picked things up and put them down. I couldnt _5_. What Id heard on the phone echoed through my head.Larry phoned a few friends. _6_， someone asked to speak to me. “If there is anything I can do, let me know.” “Thank you，” I replied. I didnt know what to _7_The do

23、orbell rang and I rose slowly for the _8_. It was Donna.“Ive come to _9_ your shoes，” she said. _10_， I asked her to repeat. “When my father died, it took me _11_ to get the shoes cleaned and _12_ for my fathers _13_，” she said. I hadnt even thought about shoes.Shoes were gathered. Donna _14_ hersel

24、f on the floor and got to work. The love in the act _15_ my tears. Watching her _16_on one task helped me pull my _17_ into order. Laundry first, I told myself. One by one, the jobs fell into place.Now whenever I hear of an acquaintances _18_ of a loved one, I think of one _19_ task that suits that

25、persons _20_. If the person asks, “How did you know I needed that？” Id reply, “Because someone did that.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在失去亲人后心理状态很不好，由于受到了别人的帮助而恢复了正常之后，她也用同样的方式帮助失去亲人的熟人。1A.forgettingBimaginingCwondering DsearchingC解析：根据空前的“I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)”和下文中的“I tried to hold my tears.”以及文章开头第一句话可推知，作者听

26、到亲人去世的噩耗时，有些不知所措，虽然是在收拾行李，却不知道该把什么放进手提箱里。wonder “感到疑惑，想知道”。2A.hoping BpackingCleaving DplanningB解析：根据本句中的“for moving to New Mexico”可推知，作者为搬家到新墨西哥州而打包(packing)。3A.damage BfailureCdespair DmessD解析：根据上文可知，作者和丈夫一直在为搬家而收拾行李，由此可推知，当时作者的家里应该很杂乱(mess)。4A.aimlessly BhelplesslyCquickly DdecisivelyA解析：根据上句“I t

27、ried to hold my tears.”和本句中的“picked things up and put them down”可推知，作者因为听到弟弟去世的噩耗而悲伤不已，乱了方寸。aimlessly “无目的地，无计划地”符合语境。5A.hurry BdecideCfocus DmoveC解析：根据语境可知，作者当时的心理状态非常不好，不能集中精力做事情。focus “集中(注意力、精力于)”符合语境。6A.Constantly BLuckilyCSuddenly DHappilyA解析：根据上句“Larry phoned a few friends.”可推知，作者的丈夫将作者失去弟弟的事

28、情告诉了一些朋友，他们接着就不断地(Constantly)打电话说愿意提供帮助。7A.call for Bask forCtalk about Dget acrossB解析：根据语境可知，作者当时并不知道需要朋友们提供什么样的帮助。call for “呼吁”；ask for “要求，请求”；talk about “谈论”；get across “解释清楚”。8A.telephone BnoiseCperson DdoorD解析：根据本句中的“The doorbell rang”可知，作者站起来去开门(door)。9A.borrow BremoveCclean DrepairC解析：根据下文中的

29、“to get the shoes cleaned”可推知，Donna是来帮助作者清理(clean)鞋的。10A.Touched BShockedCConfused DAmusedC解析：根据本句中的“I asked her to repeat”可推知，作者当时对Donna说的来帮她清理鞋子感到困惑(Confused)。touched “受感动的”；shocked “震惊的”；amused “逗乐的”。11A.minutes BhoursCweeks DdecadesB解析：根据本句中的“When my father died”和“to get the shoes cleaned and _

30、for my fathers _”可推知，Donna是说她为了参加父亲的葬礼(funeral)花几个小时(hours)去清理鞋子并把它们擦亮(shined)。12A.washed BcopedCselected DshinedD13A.satisfaction BfuneralCsmiles DwishesB14A.laid BstoodCrested DsettledD解析：根据上句“Shoes were gathered.”和语境可推知，当鞋被聚集到一起之后，Donna坐在地板上开始清理鞋。15A.released BheldCstopped DcausedA解析：根据上文中的“I tri

31、ed to hold my tears.”和语境可知，Donna用行动所展示的关爱让作者感动得流泪。release “释放”。16A.keeping BconcentratingCinsisting DdependingB解析：根据上文“Donna _ herself on the floor and got to work.”可知，当时Donna在专心地清理鞋。keep on “继续，反复做”；concentrate on “集中(注意力)于”；insist on “坚持”；depend on “依靠”。17A.thoughts BroomsCsadness DluggageA解析：根据上文

32、可知，作者当时因为亲人的突然离世而乱了思绪，而看到Donna专心地帮她清理鞋让她的思绪(thoughts)恢复到了有序状态。18A.feeling BmeetingCloss DstoryC解析：由上文提到作者的弟弟突然离世可知，此处表示每当“我”听说熟人的亲人去世(loss)19A.specific BnormalCstrange DperfectA解析：根据上文中的“Watching her _on one task”可知，“我”会想一件能满足那个失去亲人的熟人需要(need)的具体的(specific)工作。20A.idea BpersonalityCidentity DneedD课时练

33、22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空 阅读理解A(2020陕西摸底检测) In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesops Fables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do understand how to make

34、 water displacement(排水量) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with tubes containing water. Inside the tubes, a worm o

35、r a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise

36、the water level and get their snack.However, the_birds_handled_awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into a narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put th

37、e treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didnt realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. In

38、a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商进行的研究。1How did the crows get the snack in Sarahs experiment?ABy breaking the tube.BBy dropping in erasers.CBy standing o

39、n the wood.DBy removing the wood.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。所以选B项。2What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4?AThey were una

40、ble to tell different shapes.BThey dropped objects only into narrow tubes.CThey were not aware of the snack at first sight.DThey mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.D解析：推理判断题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食，而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易获得零食的细管。由此可推知，画线部分是说它们通常没有选

41、择更容易的方式得到零食。3What does the text mainly focus on?AStories of Aesops Fables.BThe development of crows.CCrows intelligence.DHumananimal communication.C解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”以及下文中的实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。4What do w

42、e know about crows in the passage?ACrows are almost as clever as firstgraders in some respects.BCrows understand water displacement completely.CChimps and children are much smarter than crows.DThe story of The Crow and the Pitcher lacks evidence.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds

43、 are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级学生一样聪明。B(2020郑州第一次质量预测)If youve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “mans best friend”. But a dogs life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner h

44、as to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever s

45、ince it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is s

46、elected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb(子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.The whole process takes a very short time, but it comes at a shockingly high pricearound

47、63，000. But if you cant afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly s

48、ame DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian(斑点狗) clone will be different, for example，” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “cloneable”. Apart from genes, personality

49、 is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwoo

50、d, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了克隆狗技术。5What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer?AMaking copies of pet dogs.BGiving pet dogs identical twins.CHelping dogs give

51、birth to more puppies.DHelping dog owners love their dogs more.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.”可知，这家公司所提供的服务就是克隆已逝的宠物狗，故选A。6Which order is correct in the dog cloning process?aAn egg i

52、s taken from another dog.bA skin cell is taken from the pet dog.cThe egg grows into a puppy in two months.dThe egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.eThe DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.Aadbec.Baebdc.Cbadec. Dbaedc.D解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，实验的第一步是从狗身上提取皮肤细胞，另一只被选择的狗提供一个卵子

53、，将卵子中的DNA替换成皮肤细胞中的DNA之后，将卵子植入一只母狗的子宫，最后卵子在接下来的两个月中生长为一只小狗，故选D。7What can we learn about dog cloning from the passage?AIt has not been put into practice until recently.BIt is very popular among US and UK pet owners.CIt might not give the owners an exactly same dog.DIt is very expensive and usually tak

54、es half a year to complete.C解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one.”可知，克隆狗和原来的狗可能并非完全一样，故选C。8What does Kirkwood think of dog cloning?AHe disagrees with it.BHe supports it.CHe is curious about it.

55、DHe thinks it unbelievable.A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段Kirkwood说的话“An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”可知，他认为人类和宠物狗之间的关系的一个重要方面是要接受失去它们的痛苦。由此可推知，Kirkwood并不赞成克隆狗，故选A。 七选五(2020平顶山名校模拟)It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in win

56、ter. There are a few things you can do to ensure you are getting the most out of your run and, importantly, not doing more harm than good.Warm up, cool down1_. Your muscles need some time to warm up when its cold, so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches once youre finished.Drink wate

57、rYou might not feel hot, but thats because sweat evaporates(蒸发) more quickly into the chilly, dry air. So be sure to drink water before, during and after coldweather workouts. 2._. A belt bottle conveniently attaches to your waist so you dont have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel l

58、ike it.3_Running in cotton is a bad idea. Wear thin, breathable layers of synthetic(合成的) clothing that help protect you from the wind and snow, but still let out heat and moisture. Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head. Wear a hat, or beanie(

59、无檐小便帽), and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body. 4._Run into the wind5_. Obviously, it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature. But, more importantly, you wont have the wind in your face for the second half of your run,

60、when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.ADress rightBKeep warmCDont go too fast, too soonDStart and finish in the same wayEDont wait to drink water until you feel thirstyFHead out into the wind and come home with it at your backGOn really cold days, wear a mask or scarf over your m

61、outh to protect your face【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季室外跑步的一些注意事项，包括做好热身运动、注意饮水以及穿合适的衣物等。1C解析：根据该段小标题Warm up, cool down以及空后的“Your muscles need some time to warm up”可知，C项符合语境。2E解析：根据段落小标题Drink water并结合空前一句“So be sure to drink water before, during and after coldweather workouts.”可知，E项“不要等到你感到口渴的时候才喝水”符合语境，衔接

62、上文。3A解析：根据空处所在位置以及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题；通读该段可知，本段主要是讲跑步时的穿着，故选A项。4G解析：空处所在段讲的是冬季室外跑步的着装要求，故G项与此处匹配。5F解析：根据本段的小标题Run into the wind并结合空后一句可知，跑步回家时顺着风，让风在背后推着你走，故F项符合语境。 语法填空(2020陕西部分学校摸底检测) Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favorite season. Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon 1._(find) a

63、deeper appreciation for this season.The change of leaf colors is a common reason given 2._ the love of fall. Each tree reacts 3._(different) to the change of the season. Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing; however, other 4._(tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain additional e

64、nergy from the sun to survive the winter. This effect 5._(call) the flightorfight response.Fall is a time of 6._(reflect) and preparation for the year ahead. I have found a meaning of fall for me. Im 7._ 18yearold boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress. There are time

65、s I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps 8._(move). The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesnt stop growing so I have to learn to keep up.The meaning of fall is different for each person. I encourage you 9._(go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and discover 10.

66、_ fall means to you.【解题导语】作者喜欢秋天这个季节，它是作者反思和准备未来的时刻，让作者保持前进。1found解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Last weekend”和“went outdoors”可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事，故填found。2for解析：考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处用固定搭配the reason for.意为“的原因”，故填介词for。3differently解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词reacts，故填differently。4trees解析：考查名词的单复数。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处other

67、修饰名词复数，且谓语动词为复数，故填trees。5is called解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，call和主语This effect是被动关系，且此处描述的是一种客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called。6reflection解析：考查词性转换。of是介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，再结合空后的preparation可知，此处应填reflection。7an解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。8moving解析：考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事，继续做某事”，为固定用法，故填moving。9to go解析：考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法，故填to go。10what解析：考查宾语从句。根据语境且分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。