2021届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists能力检测（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

1、Unit 1Great scientists一、单句语法填空1(2019年北京卷阅读理解D)Warming changes key _ (character) of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton (浮游植物) growth.2(2019年天津卷阅读理解C)Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak _ (link) rather than a few strong ones.3Absorbed _ painting, John didnt notice evening approachin

2、g.4Our appetite for new products also contributes_ the problem.5That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride _ from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.6(2019年新课标卷语法填空)We dont have any idea who put grandma _7See, your computer has broken down

3、again！It doesnt make _ to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.8The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often_ (severe) criticized, never appears in it.9(2019年江苏卷任务型阅读)Adjusting to an upright position was quite a _ (challenge), especially when the bones had to support an

4、 extralarge skull.10Only when Lily walked into the office _ she realize that she had left the contract at home.二、单句改错1(2017年新课标卷七选五型阅读理解)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put a blame on the alarm clock._2I always have so many things to attend when I come back to the company af

5、ter a trip abroad._3Absorbing in the book she was reading, Mary didnt notice me approaching._4(2019年浙江卷阅读理解C)Many factors contribute to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study._5I cannot become a successful writer without enthusiastic._6The teacher cured

6、 him his bad habits and he made great progress in English._7Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed very loud music every day._8In the company, pay increases are linked at performance._9(2019年江苏卷任务型阅读)Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristic

7、._10There is no sense in force yourself to get what you dont want._三、完形填空(2018年吉林省长春市七校第一次联考)Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer._1_ it was controlled through treatments, it reappeared and _2_ the loss of his right eye.But after years of cheering for hi

8、s favourite football team, Jake has _3_ the impossible dream.Hes now a part of the team, despite his total _4_， playing the game not based on sight but on _5_Being a _6_ fan of the USC Trojans, one of Jakes last _7_ before he lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame.His strong liking fo

9、r the sport didnt go _8_former USC coach Pete reached the boy, inviting him to meet the _9_Inspired by those players, Jake hoped to be _10_ in his schools football team.At first he didnt think he would be of any real _11_， but when he heard peoples cheers for football players, his love for football

10、strengthened.So Jake _12_ the coach, asking to join the team.The coach told him to _13_ the next season.So Jake spent his time practicing hard._14_， he became a starter on the team in the next season.Having made his high school football team, it didnt seem too _15_ to do the same in college.Coach St

11、eve agreed that Jake _16_ the requirements of the team.So Jakes dream came true._17_ football, Jake is also a motivational speaker.“I went into football with the thought that I had nothing to _18_，” Jake said, “I really had no fear.Going through _19_ in life does make you stronger.Lifes unfair, but

12、it _20_ me not to give up and keep fighting.”1A.Unless BThoughCOnly if DNow that2A.backed off Bheld backCbroke down Dled to3A.forgotten BquittedCrealized Dignored4A.blindness BabsenceCdeafness Dinnocence5A.ability BguessCfeelings Dimagination6A.responsible BfaithfulCcareful Dtemporary7A.chances Bpro

13、misesCcourses Dwishes8A.unnoticed BunsolvedCunreported Dunlimited9A.leaders BplayersCfans Dcoaches10A.occupied BinvolvedCtrapped Dabsorbed11A.interest BhopeCuse Dconcern12A.approached BappreciatedCrecognized Dgreeted13A.pull through Bset outCleave off Dcome back14A.Gradually BFinallyCRecently DAccid

14、entally15A.difficult BaccessibleCattractive Dnecessary16A.refreshed BcompletedCsatisfied Dacquired17A.Apart from BInstead ofCRegardless of DExcept for18A.share BloseCoffer Ddesire19A.failures BchallengesCcompetitions Dfears20A.warns BbegsCconvinces Dteaches四、语法填空(2018年江西省名校联盟检测)Traditional Chinese c

15、ulture is beginning to capture the attention of the world.Kung fu, 1._ (especial), has had a great effect 2._ millions of people who first learned about China through it.Due to kung fu, they may come to China and learn about some other 3._ (aspect) of its culture.Other Asian nations have long known

16、about the 4._ (great) of ancient Chinese culture.Their own cultures are 5._ mix of native ones and Chinese characteristics.Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even if it 6._ (challenge) by pop culture.This strength comes from the ideas 7._ (give) in the Four

17、 Books of Confucianism, which was based on the ideas of an even 8._ (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics.From them, the West learns 9._ is uniquely Chinese, for example, fengshui.So far China has taken steps 10._ (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultur

18、al Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.五、七选五型阅读理解(2019年湖北省黄冈中学高三三模)During his 2009 TED Global talk, sound consultant Julian Treasure said there are four major ways that sound affects human.What do fire alarms, car noises and alarm clocks all have in common? Their sound affects us

19、physiologically (生理上地)._1_ Heart rate increases and breath quickens as the body prepares to fight a possible threat or run for survival.But a physiological response to sound isnt always upsetting.The rhythmic (有节奏的) frequency of ocean waves roughly matches the rhythm of a sleeping persons breathing.

20、_2_The second way sound affects us is psychologicalit makes us feel.Have you ever heard a piece of music that makes you sad? Whether its a sad song that brings tears to your eyes or a funny song that makes you laugh, music can make us feel a range of emotions._3_ When we hear the comforting singing

21、of birds, we know things are good and safe._4_The brain tries to get meaning from the words and sentences we hear.When your mom, dad, and little brother are all talking at once at the dinner table, the competing voices make it hard to focus.Our brains have a very small bandwidth for processing audit

22、ory (听觉的) input, says Treasure.No wonder its annoying when someone keeps talking during a movie!Finally, sound may cause behavioral changes._5_ People tend to walk away from loud or annoying sounds and toward pleasant sounds.Next time a fire engine screams past, birds start singing or you hear a sor

23、rowful pop song, stop, listen, and think about the many ways sound influences you.AAlso, sound affects how we think.BBirdsong also affects us psychologically.CIn other words, they make our bodies react.DUnpleasant sounds affect our physical health.EIn fact, some music can put you in a good mood.FDri

24、vers who listen to fastpaced music may speed up.GWhen we hear the ocean rise and fall, the sound relaxes our bodies.必修5Unit 1Great scientists能力检测一、1.characteristics2.links3.in4.to5.apart6forward7.sense8.severely9.challenge10.did二、1.athe2.attend后加to3.AbsorbingAbsorbed4contributecontributed5.enthusias

25、ticenthusiasm6him后加of7.exposed后加to8.atto9characteristiccharacteristics10.forceforcing三、本文是一篇记叙文。Jake Olson双目失明，但这并没有阻止他对运动的热爱。他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且还是一位励志演讲人。1B根据下文的“it was controlled through treatments, it reappeared.”可知，此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导致(led to) Jake Olson失去了他的右眼。主从句之间存在让步关系，应用thou

26、gh。故选B。2D参见上题解析。back off退缩，退却；hold back抑制，阻止；break down出故障，崩溃；lead to导致。故选D。3C句意：但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦。下文中的“Jakes dream came true”亦是提示。forget忘记；quit放弃；ignore忽视。故选C。4A根据上文中的“lost his left eye”“the loss of his right eye”可知，此处指尽管Jake双目失明(blindness)。absence缺席；deafness聋；innocence天

27、真。故选A。5C根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feelings)。ability能力；guess猜测；imagination想象。故选C。6B根据语境及上文的“years of cheering for his favourite football team”可知，此处指作为USC Trojans球队的忠实粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是观看球队在Notre Dame的比赛。responsible负责任的；faithful忠实的；careful细心的；temporary临时的。故选B。7D参见上题解析。8A根据下文

28、的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy, inviting him to.”可知，此处指Jake对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。unnoticed未被注意的，被忽视的；unsolved未解决的；unreported未报道的；unlimited无限制的，无条件的。故选A。9B根据语境及上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝，想观看球队比赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(players)见面。下文中的“Inspired by those players”是关键的提示信息。故选B。10B句意：受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能够加入学校

29、的橄榄球队。be occupied in忙于；be involved in参与，参加；be trapped in被困在；be absorbed in全神贯注于。故选B。11C此处指尽管Jake想加入学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。故选C。12A句意：因此，Jake找了教练，请求加入球队。approach靠近，接洽；appreciate感激，欣赏；recognize认出，认可；greet问候。故选A。13D根据下文的“the next season.he became a starter on the team in the ne

30、xt season”可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。pull through痊愈，康复；set out动身踏上；leave off停止；come back回来，返回。故选D。14B由上文可知Jake花时间刻苦练习，此处指他最后在下个赛季，成了球队的上场球员。gradually逐渐地；finally最后，终于；recently最近；accidentally偶然地，意外地。故选B。15A根据上文的“Having made his high school football team”可知，因为有了高中的球队经历，Jake成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。difficult困难的；acces

31、sible可接近的；attractive吸引人的；necessary必要的。故选A。16C根据句中的“Coach Steve agreed”及下文中的“So Jakes dream came true”可知，此处指Steve觉得Jake达到了球队的要求，因此Jake加入大学球队的梦想实现了。refresh更新；complete完成；satisfy满足；acquire获得。故选C。17A根据下文的“Jake is also a motivational speaker”可知，除了打橄榄球之外，Jake 也是一位励志演讲人。apart from除之外(还有)；instead of而不是；regar

32、dless of不管；except for 除之外。故选A。18B根据语境及下文的“I really had no fear”可知，此处指Jake起初是带着自己没有任何可失去(lose)的东西的想法开始打橄榄球的。故选B。19BJake身有残疾，所以要面对生活中的许多挑战(challenges)，而这也使他变得更加坚强。failure失败；competition竞争；fear恐惧。故选B。20D根据上文内容可知，此处指的是生活是不公平的，但它教会了Jake不要放弃，要坚持下去。warn警告；beg乞求；convince说服；teach教，使明白。故选D。四、本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统文化

33、对世界的影响。1especially句意：尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially尤其是，用于强调突出的人或者事情。2onhave a.effect on sb.对某人有影响。3aspects句意：他们可能会来到中国，了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据some other及aspect作“方面，层面”讲时是可数名词，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。4greatness句意：其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的the及空后的of可知，此处应填名词greatness。5a句意：这些国家自身的文化是本土文化

34、和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此做名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。6is challenged根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处也用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的Confucianism，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。7given句意：这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词做后置定语。8more“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的even可知，此处应用比较级形式。故填more。9what分析句子结构

35、可知，空格处在此引导宾语从句，做learns的宾语，空格处在从句中做主语，且此处表示“的事物”。故填what。10to further句意：目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化，中国在美国和欧洲建立了中国文化中心。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中做目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to further。五、本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了声音如何从生理上和心理上影响我们。1C空前讲述了一些声音的共同特征，空后讲述了我们身体的反应。C项起到了承上启下的作用，符合此处语境。故选C。2G空前讲述了海浪的频率与人睡眠时的呼吸节奏大致吻合，G项提到了人体听到海浪声时的反应，符合此处语境。故选G。3B空格后讲述了我们听到鸟叫声时的心理感受，B项提到鸟鸣会对人产生心理影响，符合此处语境。故选B。4A空格后讲述了声音是如何影响我们思考、获取信息的。A项符合此处语境。故选A。5F空格前讲述了声音可能会导致行为变化。G项提到了司机听到快节奏的音乐可能会加速，符合此处语境。故选F。