2021届高考英语一轮复习：七选五专题集训---人物传记类 WORD版含解析.doc

1、1、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Human Camera There is not anybody else quite like Stephen Wiltshire. Born in 1974, Stephen was always different._In fact, he talked to nobody, showed no interest in school subjects and wasnt able to sit still. Stephen was later told that he had autism(自

2、闭症). He didnt learn fully to talk until he was nine years old and he didnt manage to pass his exams._Art became his way to communicate. He started by drawing funny pictures of his teachers, but soon began to draw buildings. His eye for detail was perfect. He could see a building just once and rememb

3、er everything about it._Hours later, in front of TV cameras, he managed to draw this building, with the time on the station clock saying 11:20, the exact time when he was there. The television programme made him famous overnight in the UK. _He has become a well-known artist, published four books of

4、his drawings, taken helicopter(直升机) rides above the worlds great cities and drawn amazing pictures of them, and opened his own art gallery, where he now works, in London. His drawings are correct and true in every detail-he always manages to draw everything in the right place._In 2006, he was given

5、an MBE(Member of the Order British Empire) by the Queen of England for services to art.A.Floating Cities was his third book.B.As a child, he couldnt make friends.C.Besides, they are also beautiful to look at.D.Luckily, he found one thing he liked doing: drawing. E.After that, many great things have

6、happened to Stephen.F.In 1987, he saw a train station in London called St Pancras.G.On 15 February 2008, ABC News named him Person of the Week.2、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence. Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returne

7、d with her family to England. Florence often helped her mother deliver (运送) food to the poor and sick._Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession (职业).But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland an

8、d learned everything she could._ In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia,Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere._Many soldiers died before receiving help. The doctors wouldnt listen to Florence

9、because they didnt like the idea of women in army hospitals until one day 500 unexpected casualties (伤亡者) arrived._Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.When she returned home after the war, a

10、fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions (捐款). Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerfulhospitals._All of this was because of the “lady with the lamp

11、”.A.Nursing became an honored profession.B.There was no running water and no heat.C.She knew she had much to learn about nursing.D.Florence saw the soldiers health had improved.E. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.F. They soon realized that Florence could give a hand.G. Upon returning

12、 home, she was an expert on hospital management.3、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Presidents Day in the United StatesWashingtons Birthday，also known as Presidents Day, is a federal holiday celebrated on the third Monday of February. _ Who Is Washington?George Washington served as the first

13、president of the United States of America. His first time as president was from 1789 to 1793. _ Before he became president, he played an important role in the military, leading the AmericanContinental Army to victory over the British in 1783. Washington is often seen as the father of the United Stat

14、es and is probably the best known American politician ever._Presidents Day is a public holiday in most U. S. states. However, many businesses are open as usual and many stores hold sales on Washingtons Birthday. _ And many，but not all, public transport systems operate on regular schedules. Some scho

15、ols close for the whole week for a mid-winter break.What Do People Do?Washingtons Birthday officially honors the life and work of George Washington. The day honors past presidents of the U. S. A. Washingtons Birthday is sometimes known as Presidents Day. _ Some states pay particular attention to Abr

16、aham Lincoln as his birthday is also in mid-February. In the weeks or days leading up to the holiday，schools often organize events and lessons for students about the presidents of the United States and George Washington in particular. It is a popular day for stores to start their sales.A. Do People

17、Have to Work?B. Is Presidents Day a Public Holiday?C. His second term was from 1793 to 1797.D. His image is also used on the one-dollar bill and the quarter-dollar coin.E. Many delivery services, except for the Post Office, have a regular service.F. The day honors presidents of the United States, in

18、cluding George Washington, the U. S. A. s first president,G. This is because while most states have adopted Washingtons Birthday, some states officially celebrate Presidents Day.4、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空内处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Key to Success When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in mana

19、gement consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching. _And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades._Some of my strongest performers did not have equally good IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids werent doi

20、ng so well. And that got me thinking. The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh-graders math are hard. _I was firmly convinced that every one of my students could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough. After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what w

21、e need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational (动机的) perspective, from a psychological perspective. So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school (研究生院) to become a psychologist. I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challe

22、nging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went to the United States Militant Academy. _We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in the competition. In all those very different cont

23、exts, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. _It was grit (毅力).A.It was IQ as well as EQ.B.It wasnt social intelligence or IQ.C.But those things are not impossible to learn.D. Some of my best students really have high IQ.E.I went to teach seventh-graders math in a New York

24、 City public school.F.What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference among students.G.We tried to predict which participants would stay in military training and which would drop out.5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The hometown kid suddenly became the hometown hero last year. In 2

25、016, four-time NBA MVP (Most Valuable Player) LeBron James led Ohios Cleveland Cavaliers(骑士队) to the teams first-ever championship victory. It was Clevelands first professional sports championship in 52 years. _ In a 4-3 series win over Californias Golden State Warriors,James led the Cavs back from

26、a 3-1 series deficit(落后)to the historic victory.This was the first time that any NBA team had overcome such a deficit in the finals. _ _He also became the 10th player in NBA history to score 27,000 points in a career. He was the youngest player to achieve this.Jameses achievements in 2016 included m

27、aking the All-NBA First Team and being named the Cleveland Sports Award Professional Athlete of the Year. _While James made basketball history that season,he has also made headlines for his work off the court. He continues to work with his I Promise program. It was created as part of the LeBron Jame

28、s Family Foundation to increase high school graduation rate in his hometown of Akron, Ohio. _The I Promise Institute(协会) was started in 2015 together with the University of Akron. The school was created to support students who will attend the university for free thanks to the money James gave to it

29、in 2015.A.It really made Clevelands fans concern.B.James was named series MVP because of it.C.It was really a piece of great news for the city.D.James is famous all over the world for a reason.E.Winning a title made it a historic season for James.F.It also tries to help more young people go to colle

30、ge there.G.James also drew the attention of the public for other things he did.6、 It was August 2, 1927. The news had spread fast. A man named Ralph Peer was coming to the city of Bristol. He wanted to make recordings of local people singing and playing musical instruments. _That was a lot of money

31、in those days. Many people came to Bristol that day to play for Mr. Peer. But one group seemed to have just the sound that he was looking for. They were a man named A. P. Carter, his wife, Sara, and her cousin, Maybelle. _ Sara sang lead, the loudest and highest notes. A. P. sang bass, the lowest no

32、tes. Maybelle sang harmony, somewhere in between. She also played the guitar in a new and unusual way. _She played the main part of the songs on the lowest guitar strings. And then she quickly strummed by playing all the strings at once. This kind of playing became known as the “Carter Scratch”. _Th

33、ey did not sound like they had taken music lessons. But it did not matter. The people in poor rural areas thought they sounded just like their neighbors, or the people who sang in their churches. _They recorded more songs. They traveled to many cities and towns in the eastern United States to perfor

34、m. Thousands of people heard them sing and bought their recordings. Some people estimate that within three years, the Carter Family sold three hundred thousand recordings.A.The Carter Family sounded different.B.The Carter Family soon became famous.C.They called themselves the Carter Family.D.The Car

35、ter Family wanted to have a try.E.No matter where they went, they were well received.F.And he said he would pay fifty dollars for each song recorded.G.It sounded almost like two people were playing at the same time.7、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Carl Rowan was born in 1925 in the southe

36、rn city of Ravenscroft, Tennessee. His family was very poor. _ Growing up, Carl had very little hope for any change. There were not many jobs for blacks in the South._Racial tensions were high. Laws were enforced to keep blacks and white separate.It was a teacher who urged Carl to make something of

37、himself. _She urged him to write as much as possible. She would even get books for him because blacks were banned from public libraries. Carl entered Tennessee State College in 1942. Carl Rowan did so well in college that he was chosen by the United States navy to become one of the first fifteen bla

38、ck navy officers. In 1948, Carl Rowan became a reporter. He was one of the first black reporters to write for a major daily newspaper. As a young reporter, he covered racial tensions in the South of the USA and the war in the Middle East. He also reported from Europe, India and other parts of Asia._

39、In 1987, Carl Rowan created a program called Project Excellence, which rewards black students who do well in school.Carl Rowan died on September 23, 2000, in Washington, D.C. During the last years of his life, he suffered from diabetes and heart problems. _He worked until the end of his life.A.The s

40、chools were not good.B.He won several major reporting awards.C.He said that experience changed his life.D.But he never let bad things slow him down.E. Bessie Taylor Gwynn taught him to believe he could be a poet or a writer.F. The Rowan family had no electricity, no running water, no telephone and n

41、o radio.G. The program provided millions of dollars to help African-American students for college.8、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 James Cameron was born in a small town in Canada on August 16,1954.At 15 he discovered what he wanted to do with his life._The movie was Stanley Kubricks 2001

42、:A Space Odyssey. Cameron set his hope high._But he didnt know anything about cinema.Whats more,he lived far away from Hollywood,the place for him to realize his dreams. _His father told him they would be moving to California and living only a few miles from Hollywood.At that time,he had a great des

43、ire to attend film school,but his family couldnt afford it.So he went to study physics at Fullerton College. Before long Cameron dropped out of college and began earning his living as a truck driver.But he still hadnt given up his dream of becoming a movie maker.His first professional film job was a

44、n art director in 1980,and in 1984 he wrote and directed the Terminator. _after it came a series of successful science fiction action films. Cameron now could do whatever he wanted.He had several projects in mind,including Titanic,_But it ended up earning almost $2 billion. After Titanic,Cameron sta

45、rted making Avatar in 2005.It took his team two years just to do the technical research,but the movie has become another huge success.A.It was a huge successB.He wanted to make movies.C.Cameron had to face the facts.D.This movie cost $200 million to make.E.However,Cameron got a lucky break in 1971.F

46、.It happened one night after he saw a movie.G.They used high technology to get the effects they wanted.9、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中,选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 Warren Harding was the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923._One was a successful international conference (会议

47、). After World War One, Britain, Japan and the United States expanded their navies (海军). They built bigger and bigger ships. Many members of the United States Congress worried about the cost._They asked President Harding to organize a conference to discuss these issues. _President Harding invited re

48、presentatives from the major naval powers of the time Britain, Japan, France and Italy. He also invited representatives from countries with interests in Asia and Europe China, Portugal, Belgium and the Netherlands. He did not invite the new Soviet leaders in Russia. Mr Hardings Secretary of State, C

49、harles Evans Hughes, spoke._He proposed that the worlds strongest nations should stop building warships for ten years. He also proposed that Britain, Japan, and the United States should destroy some ships to make their navies smaller immediately._It involved the misuse of underground oil owned by th

50、e federal government. Warren Harding was an honest man. But he did not have a strong mind of his own. He was easily influenced. And he often accepted bad advice. He explained the problem with these words, “I listen to one side, and they seem right. Then I listen to the other side, and they seem just

51、 as right. I know that somewhere there is a man who knows the truth. But I do not know where to find him.”A.He is remembered mostly for two events.B.The conference was not a complete success.C.They also worried about increased political tension (紧张) in Asia.D.The conference was held in Washington in

52、 November, 1921.E. President Harding appointed several men of great ability to his cabinet (内阁).F. He offered the conference a detailed plan to reduce the size of the worlds major navies.G. The second thing for which President Harding is remembered is the Teapot Dome scandal (丑闻).10、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选

53、出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Growing up in a rural village in easternNepal, Mira Rai, 29, had dreams that went far beyond the conventional expectations for Nepali women. “As a girl, I would constantly be told to know my place and act in a certain manner,” she says.“_” As the eldest daughter of five chi

54、ldren, she was expected to fetch water, tend crops and livestock, and help out at home. By age 12, she had stopped regularly attending school to haul heavy bags of rice up and down steep trailsoften bare footto trade at the market. _ In 2014, she got her big break by chance. Rai was running outside

55、Kathmandu when two male trail runners invited to enter her first trail race._She was also the only woman in the competition. Against all odds, she beat everyone, even the men. From there a community of supporters came together to give Rai a chance to compete in international trail running competitio

56、ns. In the years since she has achieved great success._And she is on a mission to help both women and men of Nepal through sports. _“ I have been able to do the things I did because so many people believed inme and took chances, and I want to give back so others can have a chance just the way I did,

57、”says Rai. “We have a saying in Nepal, Khanapugyos, dinapugos, which means, Let there be enough to eat, let there be enough to give.”The grit and joy Rai embodies throughout all her hardships and victories, is an inspiration to all of us!A.Rai,however,remainsmodestandhumble.B.Ifoundtrailrunningreall

58、ychallengingforwomen.C.Itwashardworkbutalsogreattrainingforafuturetrailrunner.D.Forme,breakingfreefromthesetraditionsitselfwasabigdream.E.Shehadnospecialequipmentortrainingforsuchadistance31miles.F.Todaytherunningworldrecognizesherasahigh-elevationtrailracingtalent.G.Miraspeaksnationallyongenderequa

59、lityasawomanwhohasfoundinternationalsuccess.答案1、答案：B; D; F; E; C解析：略2、答案：E; G; B; F; A解析：1.根据下一句 Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.可知,E项“随着南丁格尔慢慢长大,她决定要当一名护士”符合该处语境。2.根据上一句中的 she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could可知,南

60、丁格尔回到英国后已经非常熟悉医院管理方面的知识。3.B项内容与上一句The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.并列,描述医院的惨状。4.根据上一句中的The doctors wouldnt listen to Florence和下一句中的Florence made changes可知,划线处在此承上启下,因此F项“那些医生意识到南丁格尔能帮上忙”符合该处语境。5.根据上一段末句中的she could set up the Nightingale Training School in Lo

61、ndon以及该段中的cleaner and more cheerful hospitals可知,南丁格尔经过多年的努力使得护理成为了一个令人尊敬的职业。3、答案：1. F2. C3. B4. E5. G解析： 【语篇导读】本文讲述的是美国总统曰的由来以及相关活动。1.F【解析】此空在文章第一段,根据前一句可知,本段内容是概括介绍美国总统曰。结合选项可知,F项(这一天被用来纪念美国总统,包括美国第一任总统乔治华盛顿。)承接上文。2.C【解析】根据本部分标题Who Is Washington?及设空处前一句“His first term as president was from 1789 to

62、1793.并结合选项可知,设空处应是华盛顿的个人信息。故C项(他的第二任任期是从1793年到1797年。) 符合语境。3.B【解析】根据设空处位置可知,此处应选小标题,故答案应是A项和B项中的个。A项表示人们必须去工作吗”,B项表示总统曰是公共假日吗?”,结合下文的“Presidents Day is a public holiday in most U. S. states. ”可知,B项符合语境,故选B项。4.E【解析】设空处前一句讲到,许多公司和商店都正常营业:再根据下文讲到的很多公共交通系统都在正常运行可知,该空应起到承上启下的作用。结合选项可知,E项(除了邮局,许多递送服务也正常服务

63、。)符合语境,故选E项。5.G【解析】设空处前一句讲到华盛顿的生曰有时以总统曰著称,再根据空后一句中的有些州特别重视亚伯拉罕林肯可知,该空应起到承上启下的作用。结合选项可知,G项(这是因为虽然大多数州都采用了华盛顿的生曰,一些州却正式庆祝总统曰。)起到承上启下的作用,符合语境, 故选G项。4、答案：1.客观填空 E2.客观填空 F3.客观填空 C4.客观填空 G5.客观填空 B解析：【语篇导读】作者通过研究和观察得出结论:成功的秘诀在于坚韧不拔,而非情商、智商等因素1.E【解析】由上文可知,作者改行当了老师,E项中的I went to teach seventh-graders math承接下

64、文。故选E项。2.F 【解析】由空后的“Some of my strongest performers did not have equally good IQ scores. Some of my sinartesl ki(ls werent doing so well”可知,智商不等于成绩，这与F项中的IQ was not the only difference among students 相呼应,故选F项。3. C 【解析】空前的The kinds ofthingsare hard. 和C项But those tilings are not impossible to learn. ”

65、 为转折关系,而目C项与空后的every one of my studentscould learn为顺承关系。故选C项。4.G【解析】G项中的participants和military training呼应设空处前的the United States Military Academy,并且G项中的 We triedto predict 与设空处后的tried to predict.相照应,故选G项。5. B【解析】B项与空后的句子形成对比,点明成功的关键不是智商或情商,而是毅力,总结全文。故选B项。5、答案：C; B; E; G; F解析：LeBron James不仅在上个赛季的NBA冠军赛

66、上大放异彩,场下他在公益方面也取得了很大的成就。1. C根据前一句 “ It was Clevelands first professional sports championship in 52 years.”可知,这场胜利对于这个城市而言是一个极大的好消息。2.B 根据第二段中的“James led the Cavs back from a 3-1 series deficit(落后) to the historic victory”可知,James也因为在赛场上的优秀表现而被授予“最有价值球员”称号。3.E第三段主要是讲James在篮球比赛中取得的成就,获得了这些荣誉使得这个赛季成为Ja

67、mes人生中历史性的时刻。4.G第四段主要是讲James在赛场下取得的一些成就,故此空是指 James在其他方面取得的一些成就也广受人们的关注。5.F 根据第四段中的“It was created as part of the LeBron James Family Foundation to increase high school graduation rate in his hometown of Akron,Ohio.”可推断,接下来应该介绍这个项目的另一个目的,即帮助他家乡更多的孩子们上大学。6、答案：F; C; G; A; B解析：1.F 根据下句“That was a lot o

68、f money in those days. ”可知,此处应提到具体的金钱数额,故F项“And he said he would pay fifty dollars for each song recorded. ” 符合语境。2.C上文介绍了这个组合的三名成员,此处应介绍这个组合的名字,故C项“ They called themselves the Carter Family. ”符合语境。3.G 根据上文的“She also played the guitar in a new and unusual way. ”可知,此处应该提到她的独特之处,故G项符合语境。4.A 根据下文的“They

69、 did not sound like they had taken music lessons. ”可知,他们给人的感觉像是没有上过音乐课,这与传统意义上的歌手是不同的,故选A项。5.B 根据下文的“ They recorded more songs. They traveled to many cities and towns. to perform. ” 可知,他们成名了,所以会去很多地方表演,故选B项。7、答案：F; A; E; B; D解析：本文叙述了Carl Rowan出生于贫穷的黑人家庭,由于美国当时的种族歧视严重,他当时没有想到要改变这一切,但是他的老师Bessie Taylo

70、r Gwynn鼓励他要多写他有可能成为一名诗人或作家,后来他成了一名记者,做了许多次报告,赢得了多次奖励。根据His family was very poor.他的家庭很贫穷,所以后面的句子应该是对于贫穷的举例,故选F。根据There were not many jobs for blacks in the South.在南方由于种族歧视黑人没有太多的工作,所以下文继续描写他们还有好的学校,故选A。根据She urged him to write as much as possible. 她催促他尽可能的写,所以可以推着,她Bessie Taylor Gwynn一定相信他能成为一名诗人或作家,

71、故选E。根据He also reported from Europe, India and other parts of Asia.他报道过欧洲、印度及亚洲部分地区。所以可以推知他赢得过几次报告奖励,故选B。根据During the last years of his life, he suffered from diabetes and heart problems.及He worked until the end of his life.虽然他患上了糖尿病和心脏病,但是这坏的境况并没有阻止他的努力,他工作直到去世,故选D。点评:主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌

72、握。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系,理解句子之间、段落之间的关系,对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。这一考查题型对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求,即不仅要有阅读速度,要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解,尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点,区分出论点和论据,并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次。8、答案：F; B; E; A; D解析：略9、答案：A; C; D; F; G解析：文章介绍美国第29届总统Warren Harding的两件著名的事件。1:考查句意理解和上下文:根据下文:One was a successful internat

73、ional conference (会议).一次是一个成功的国际会议,可知:他有两件事是很出名的,所以选A。2:考查句意理解和上下文:根据上文:Many members of the United States Congress worried about the cost.他们但是费用问题,可知:他们也担心日益紧张的亚洲局势,所以选C。3:考查句意理解和上下文:根据下文:President Harding invited representatives from the major naval powers of the time(介绍了会议的代表)可知:上文介绍会议在1921年的11月份在

74、华盛顿举行,所以选D。4:考查句意理解和上下文:根据下文:He proposed that the worlds strongest nations should stop building warships for ten years. He also proposed that Britain, Japan, and the United States should destroy some ships to make their navies smaller immediately.可知:他给会议提供了一份详细的计划来减少世界上大量海军的规模,所以选F。5:考查句意理解和上下文:根据下文:It involved the misuse of underground oil owned by the federal government.可知:Harding总统第二件被大家记住的事情是Teapot Dome丑闻,所以选G。10、答案：D; C; E; F; A解析：略