南京师范大学附属实验学校2012届高三英语语法专题复习讲义8.doc

1、高三英语语法专题复习讲义（8）Part 1高考高频短语（8）1. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to_. Amake it out Bmake it off Cmake it up Dmake it over2. If anybody calls，tell them Im out，and ask them to _ their name and address Apass Bwrite Ctake D1eave3.The three sisters decided to hold a fa

2、mily party to _their parentssilver weddingAcelebrate Bmemorize Ccongratulate Dwelcome4Joe Jones，the eldest of the eight children，had to _out of high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm A1eave Bdrop Cfall Dgo5. Words_ me when i wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my

3、 son from the burning houseAfailed B1eft Cdiscouraged Ddisappointed6一He was in hospital for six monthsHe felt as if he was _from the outside world Acut 0ut Bcut off Ccut up Dcut through7. How about eight oclock outside the cinema? -That _ me fineAfits Bmeets Csatisfies Dsuits8. Happy birthday，Alice!

4、 So you have _ twentyone already!Abecome Bturned Cgrown Dpassed9They see you as something of a worrier，_ problems which dont exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them Asettling Bdiscovering Cseeing Ddesigning-lO一How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays? 一I think wed better fly th

5、ereIts much more comfortable Ainsist Bwant Csuppose DsuggestPart 3 Grammar:非谓语动词 （2） 现在分词及过去分词I Analysis 一、形 式分词是动词的一种非限定形式。分为现在分词和过去分词。 分词具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带宾语、状 语。分词的否定形式是在分词前加not (not knowing ,not having received , not having been given ) 现在分词：主动形式 被动形式一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having

6、 been done 过去分词只有一种形式。例如：Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to school. (现在分词完成式） The man being interviewed is a scientist.When asked such a strange question, he didnt know howto answer . Not knowing his number, I didnt get in touch with him (否定式)2 现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表在语态和时间概念上。在语态上

7、 ，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动意思，过去分词表示被动意思。在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进 行，过去分词则表示动作的完成。 现在分词 过去分词比较: developing countries developed countries boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun the falling autumn leaves the fallen autumn leaves有些过去分词只表示动作的完成，例如the risen sun the fallen autumn leaves a retired worker a e

8、scaped prisoner 有些过去分词只表示动作的被动，例如 a man-made satellite guided missile (导弹)二、 功 能1作表语。_现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，如： The news was exciting./ The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed./ He appeared satisfied with my answer. He seemed quite delighted at the idea./ Dont get excited.2作

9、定语：_ 单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如： touching story / skilled worker /boiled water a growing city = a city that is growing/ liberated areas = areas that have been liberated 在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如： Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door?They are problems left (= w

10、hich have been left) over by history. 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：a. 表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如： Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise. Did you see the man talking (who was talking) to the manager?b. 表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如： They lived in

11、a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. 过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如： Is this the book recommended by our teacher?/ The meeting held last week is very important.注：如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用

12、现在分词的被动形式来表示，如： The meeting being held is very important./ We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.注：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如： The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.现在分词短语作定语时，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下

13、列句子都是错的： Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为who have finished)3作状语：_ 现在分词作状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如： The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. They stood there for an hour watching the game./ She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.注意：a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b. 分词表示的动作和谓

14、语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d. 大部分放在谓语之后；e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。 现在分词作状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在句中。其他参考上述a-c），如： Following the guide, they started to climb./ Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost. 现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由，如： Seeing nobody at home, she decided to

15、leave them a note. Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如： Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. Having lived in Berlin many years, he knew the

16、city well. 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如： Turning around, she saw a police car driving up./ Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.注：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用 when 或 while + 分词这种结构，如： Be careful when crossing the street./ Dont mention this while talking to

17、 him.注：如果要强调谓语动词的动作发生时，分词的动作已经完成，这个分词要用完成形式，如： Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to work. 现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如： Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. (结果) Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. (让

18、步) 过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如： Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the room. 过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如： The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. 过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如： Heated, water changes into s

19、team. (=When / If water is heated ) Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.注：过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when, if, while, though, as if 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为 “主语 + be 的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同，如： If / When heated, water changes into steam. Even if invited, I wont go. We will not attac

20、k unless attacked./ The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to.4作宾语补足语：_三在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致, 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为:独 立 结 构_独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原因、条件等, 例如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (伴随情况) The shower being over, we continued to march. (时间)

21、So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因) Weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. (条件)II Practice 1. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hungB. hanging C. hangs D. being hung2. Will those _ the children from abroad come to the headmaste

22、rs office? A. teachingB. teachC. who teaches D. who teaching3. The manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowingB. knownC. to knowD. being known4. The old man , _ abroad for 20 years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to workB.

23、 workingC. to have workedD. having worked5. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt6. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake. A. missing; playingB. missing; play C. missed; playedD. missed; to play7. W

24、hy did you go back to the shop?- I left my friend _ there. A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. waits8. Cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked9. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. putB. to be puttin

25、gC. to putD. putting10.- - We beat Class Four in the match, you know.- Yes. I saw you _ , but whats the score? A. playB. playingC. playedD. to play11._ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited1

26、2._ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of her life. A. Saw; frightenedB. Seen; frightened C. Seeing; frightenedD. To see; frightening13.Finding her car stolen, _ .A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried t

27、o a policeman for help14.He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope15.We often provide our children with toys, football or basketballs, _ that all children like these things.A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought16._ from other continents for millions of

28、years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separated C. Having been separatedD. To be separated17. _ fully, we can achieve great things.A. PreparingB. To prepareC. PrepareD. Prepared18.The bell _ the end of the period rang, _

29、our heated discussion.A. indicating; interruptingB. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted.19.The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area.A. causedB. to causeC. to have causedD. having caused20.Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A.

30、lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked on21. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window.A. lookingB. to lookC. lookedD. having looked22. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran23.Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A. doB

31、. to doC. doingD. and24.When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. comparedB. comparingC. being comparedD. having compared25.While watching television, _ .A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ringD

32、. we heard the doorbell rings26._ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completed C. Not having completedD. Having not completed27._ from his accent, he must be _ America.A. Judged; fromB. To judge; of C. Judging; fromD. Judging; of28._ , the more expen

33、sive the camera, the better its quality.A. General speakingB. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally29.Weather _ , they will go and visit the zoo.A. permittedB. permitsC. permittingD. permit30.The meeting _ over, we all left the room and drove home.A. being B. wasC. to beD. had

34、 beenPart 3 综合能力训练 A mother and daughter living in my community are two of the most unfriendly people I have ever come across in my life. They are totally separated, mixing with 36 . As they drive past 37 they keep their eyes looking away and make no sign of acknowledgement. The only fame they have

35、is making a nuisance (讨厌的人) of themselves to the local police station by 38 music played too loud, dogs barking more than once a day and any other petty 39 gripe (把柄).On moving into this neighborhood, I was 40 of these two but decided I would make up my own mind. This proved quite a 41 to me as more

36、 than once either the mother or the daughter would knock on my door and blast (猛烈抨击) me with some 42 or other.I 43 answered politely and made sure I 44 as they went past my place and also made the effort now and then to make a kind remarkabout their garden or pets.Time passed and in October, as part

37、 of the kindness rock give (送爱心石活动), Maureen and I 45 to place a kindness rock in their garden. Their 46 remained unchanged, however, and I continued to be as friendly as possible. During the Easter give, we decided once again to 47 these two unhappy ladies to our list and left a packet of cookies o

38、n their 48 .Imagine my 49 when two days later they 50 at my gate and jokingly said they are considering hanging their Christmas stocking on their gate, and they 51 me a bunch of flowers!So, my fellow gifters, do not 52 on your random gifts of kindness. You may never know just what this 53 to others,

39、 nor how many broken or 54 hearted people you may just change with a simple act of 55 .36. A. nobody B. someone C. anyone D. nothing37. A. ladies B. neighbors C. friends D. relatives38. A. composing B. requesting C. reporting D. explaining39. A. important B. easy C. interesting D. little40. A. accus

40、ed B. warned C. reminded D. convinced41. A. challenge B. job C. task D. matter42. A. jokes B. advice C. explanation D. complaint43. A. seldom B. never C. always D. sometimes44. A. waved B. stared C. noticed D. laughed45. A. started B. continued C. mentioned D. decided46. A. smile B. attitude C. deci

41、sion D. anger47. A. add B. recommend C. reduced D. drove48. A. place B. roof C. gate D. fence49. A. interest B. smile C. surprise D. face50. A. whispered B. stopped C. shouted D. wandered51. A. brought B. wished C. threw D. expected52. A. take in B. take up C. give in D. give up53. A. refers B. mean

42、s C. relates D. contributes54. A. kind B. light C. hard D. warm55. A. sorrow B. hope C. imagination D. kindness参考答案Part 1 Phrase: ADABA BDBCD CBBCAPart 215 CDCBB Grammar BAADB, AABDB, CCDBA, CAADC, ABCBC, CCCCA Part3完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)3640 ABCDB 4145 ADCAD 4650 BACCB 5155 ADBCD.精品资料。欢迎使用。高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u