2018高三英语（浙江专版）一轮复习高考话题重组练1 （阅读：生态环保类；完形：记叙文） WORD版含答案.doc

1、高考话题重组练一(阅读：生态环保类；完形：记叙文).阅读理解ABased on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappea

2、r.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(迁徙) north.Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly, ani

3、mal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of todays familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in todays world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching conse

4、quences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was de

5、vastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point, it doesnt matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done a

6、bout it.Whats more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connec

7、tion between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。1What is the major function of Paragraph 1?ATo arouse the readers concern.BTo introduce the theme of the whole passage.CTo summarize the whole passage.DTo s

8、tate how climate changes.【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.”可知，最新研究数据表明，世界的气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选B项。【答案】B2What is the authors p

9、urpose in using the examples of earthquakes?ATo show major changes are taking place on the planet.BTo remind people to prevent future earthquakes.CTo show the damage earthquakes caused.DTo tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signs

10、of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生着重大变化。故选A项。【答案】A3Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes effects?AAnimal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.BIt could lead to the spread of diseases.CCurrent world climate zones could shift and completely dis

11、appear.DNatural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项错误；根据第二段第一句

12、“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.”可知，B项正确；根据第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.”可知，A项正确；根据倒数第二段最后一句“Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.”可知，D项正确。故选C项。【答案】C4What

13、 can be inferred from the passage? AAnimals and plants wont die out as long as climate changes slowly.BTheres enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.CThe world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.DThe earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate chan

14、ge.【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选D项。【答案】D B 【导学号：47562249】According to the UN Intergovernmental Panel (专家咨询组) on Climate Change, global tempe

15、ratures have risen by approximately 0.6 in the past century, caused mainly by emissions of greenhouse gases produced by human activities，such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.Temperatures are to increase between 1.6 and 5.8 in the next century, accompanied by sea level rise and an in

16、crease in the frequency of extreme weather events.The best available evidence suggests that climate changes since the 1970s may already be causing over 150，000 deaths annually, and that greenhouse gas emissions would increase disease burdens in the coming decades.The risks are concentrated in the po

17、orest population, who have contributed least to the problem.The Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书) is signed by 128 nations，and commits the participating industrialized countries to cutting emissions of greenhouse gases by over 5% below 1990 level by the period of 20082012.“Over 600 thousand people died in weat

18、herrelated disasters in the 1990s.Temperature and rainfall influence the rates of diseases and infections including malaria，and malnutrition，which together cause over 3.5 million deaths a year.The Kyoto Protocol is the first step towards protecting the climate system，which exerts such a strong influ

19、ence on our health”，said Dr Kerstin Leitner，Assistant DirectorGeneral for Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments.While acting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is also essential to protect vulnerable (脆弱的) communities from the effects of climate changes.WHO works to promote measures s

20、uch as protection from malaria and other climate sensitive diseases, and reliable access to clean water and sanitation, for people in the most vulnerable developing countries.Increasing disease control efforts will also help to protect current and future generations from the impacts of greenhouse ga

21、s emissions.【语篇解读】这是一篇关于气候变化的文章。人类的某些行为导致的气候变化会危害人类自身，我们要采取必要的措施来拯救我们自己。5According to the passage, what is the reason for the rise of global temperatures?AThe burning of fossil fuels.BThe rise of sea level.CExtreme weather disasters.DThe emissions of greenhouse gases.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“global tempera

22、tures have risen.emissions of greenhouse gases”可知，D项正确。A项是产生温室气体的行为之一，故可排除。【答案】D6Which of the following is true?AWeatherrelated disasters caused over 3.5 million deaths.BThe climate system has a deep impact on human health.CThe members of the Kyoto Protocol are all industrialized countries.DThe poor

23、est population are to blame because they contribute least to the problem.【解析】细节理解题。A项与文章第四段中的“Over 600 thousand people died in weatherrelated disasters.which together cause over 3.5 million deaths a year”不符；C项意为“京都议定书”成员国都是工业化的国家，与文章第三段的内容不符；D项与文章第二段的最后一句话不符。根据第四段中的“The Kyoto Protocol.on our health”

24、可知选B项。【答案】B7In order to protect communities, WHO takes some measures except Apreventing diseases caused by climate changesBhelping to provide clean waterCaiding to offer sanitationDgaining access to vulnerable developing countries【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“such as protection.sanitation”和“Increasing disease

25、control efforts”可知A、B、C三项正确。由“for people in the most vulnerable developing countries”可知，D项错误。【答案】D8What does the passage mainly talk about?AClimate changes and the effects on human health.BClimate changes cause over 15，000 deaths annually.CWho promotes measures such as protection from malaria.DThe K

26、yoto Protocol helps to protect human health.【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，B、C、D项均是文中某一方面的内容，比较片面，A项最能概括文章大意。【答案】A.完形填空Ricardo Semler became boss of his fathers business Semco in Brazil at the age of 21.Ricardo worked like a(an) 1 man，from 7：30 am to midnight every day.One afternoon，while he was visiting a fact

27、ory in New York，he 2 The doctor told him if he 3 like that，he would find a new home in hospital.Semler got the 4 He changed the way he 5 In fact，he changed the ways his 6 worked，too.He let his workers take more 7 so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong.He 8 them to set their o

28、wn salaries， 9 their own working hours and he cut all the jobs he thought were 10 ， like receptionists and secretaries.He changed the office： 11 walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses cant 12 themselves away from everyone else.And the workers are 13 to decorate their workspace as they want.It s

29、ounds perfect, but does it 14 ？ The answer is in the 15 ：in the last six years，Semcos revenues(收入) have 16 from $35 million to $212 million.The company has gone from 800 employees to 3，000.Why?Semler says its because of “peer pressure” which makes employees work 17 for everyone else.If someone isnt

30、doing his job 18 ， the other workers will not allow the 19 to continue.In other words, Ricardo treats his workers like adults rather than children, and expects them to act like responsible 20 And they do.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作为老板，只有让团队中的每个人都能自觉主动地承担责任，形成我为人人，人人为我的氛围，才能提高团队的工作效率。这正是Semler之所以成功的经验。1A.intere

31、stingBindependentCmadDgreat【解析】根据空格后的“from 7：30 am to midnight every day”可知，他拼命工作。故选C，意为“疯狂的”。A项意为“令人感兴趣的”；B项意为“独立的”；D项意为“非常好的”，均不符合题意。【答案】C2A.fell downBgave upCwent outDgot off【解析】根据下句“The doctor told him”可知，他病倒了。故选A，意为“倒下”。B项意为“放弃”；C项意为“熄灭，出去”；D项意为“下车，离开，出发”，均不符合题意。【答案】A3A.changedBcontinuedCdroppe

32、dDwent【解析】根据空格后的“like that，he would find a new home in hospital”可知，医生的意思为：如果他继续这样拼命下去，他会生病住院的。故选B，意为“继续”。A项意为“改变”；C项意为“落下，投下，放弃”；D项意为“走，去”，均不符合题意。【答案】B4A.soundBwayCsenseDmessage【解析】根据下文内容可知，Semler听从了医生的建议，不再那么拼命工作了。故选D，get the message是常用短语，意为“领会，明白，受到启发”。【答案】D5A.walkedBtalkedCworkedDtreated【解析】根据上文和

33、下句“In fact，he changed the way his worked，too.”可知，Semler改变了他自己的工作方式。故选C。【答案】C6A.familyBworkersCfriendsDchildren【解析】根据下一段第一句中“He let his workers take more ”可知，他也改变了员工们的工作方式。故选B。【答案】B7A.responsibilityBmoneyCpowerDexpectation【解析】根据空格后的“so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong”可知，此处

34、应指他让员工们承担起更多的责任，这样如果事情出了差错，他们自己会操心。故选A。【答案】A8A.persuadedBforcedCforbadeDallowed【解析】根据上一句中的“He let his workers take more”可知，此处所填词的意思相当于上句中的“let”。故选D，意为“允许”。A项意为“说服”；B项意为“强迫”；C项意为“禁止”，均不符合题意。【答案】D9A.decideBwantCunderstandDtry【解析】根据空格前的“them to set their own salaries”可推知，此处应指Semler让员工自己决定工作时间。所填词与“set”

35、意思一致。故选A。【答案】A10A.unnecessaryBunpopularCstupidDdifficult【解析】根据本句中“he cut all the jobs he thought were ，like receptionists and secretaries”并结合常识可知，他取消的工作岗位应该是不必要的。故选A，意为“不必要的”。B项意为“不流行的，不受人欢迎的”；C项意为“愚蠢的，笨的”；D项意为“困难的”，均不符合题意。【答案】A11A.above allBinstead ofCapart fromDexcept for【解析】根据空格处与下句“so bosses can

36、t.”之间构成的因果关系可知，此处指用植物代替办公室的墙，这样老板就不会与其他人隔离开。故选B，意为“代替，而不是”。A项意为“首先，尤其是”；C项意为“除外”；D项意为“除外”，强调排除与自身相矛盾之处，均与题意不符。【答案】B12A.putBgetCshutDtake【解析】根据语境可知，用植物来取代墙的目的是老板不能把自己和员工隔离开。故选C，shut away为固定搭配，意为“隔离”。【答案】C13A.willingBfreeCtiredDeager【解析】根据空格后的“as they want”可知，员工们可以自由装饰自己的工作场所。故选B，意为“自由的”。A项意为“自愿的”；C项意

37、为“疲惫的”；D项意为“渴望的，热切的”，均不符合题意。【答案】B14A.developBgrowChappenDwork【解析】根据下文可知，本句句意为：这听起来很完美，但这样有效果吗？故选D，意为“起作用，奏效”。【答案】D15A.eyesBnumbersCpersonsDdollars【解析】根据空格后的“from $35 million to $212 million.from 800 employees to 3，000”可知，此处强调用数字来证明。故选B。【答案】B16A.grownBdroppedCbeatenDmade【解析】根据空格后的数字对比可知，公司的收入增加了。故选A。

38、【答案】A17A.straightBslowChardDseldom【解析】根据上文可知，由于Semler调整了策略，公司的收入增加了，由此可推知，大家更加努力工作。故选C。A项意为“直接地”；B项意为“慢慢地”；D项意为“很少，不常”，均不符合题意。【答案】C18A.perfectBwrongCwellDlate【解析】根据“peer pressure”可知，在这种环境下，如果有人不好好工作，其他人也不允许这种情况继续下去。故选C，意为“出色地”。【答案】C19A.troubleBsituationCpressureDsuffering【解析】此处指“有人不好好工作”这种情况。故选B，意为“情况，局面”。A项意为“麻烦”；C项意为“压力”；D项意为“苦难，痛苦”，均不符合题意。【答案】B20A.childrenBteenagersCprofessorsDadults【解析】根据上文中“Ricardo treats his workers like adults”可知，Semler按照对待成年人的方式对待员工，他期望员工能够像负责任的成年人那样去工作。故选D。【答案】D