英语必修Ⅳ外研版MODULE3课件（共19张）词汇 讲解.ppt

1、Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication核心单词1.vary vi.变化;变动;改变常用结构：vary from.to.从到情况不等vary in.在某方面不同vary with.随变化The colour of leaves varies with weather.叶子的颜色随着天气的变化而变化。The students of the class vary in age from 7 to 13.这个班的学生年龄从7岁到13岁不等。variety n.种类；种种；多样性various adj.不同的，各种各样的a variety

2、of 各种各样的；一种的变体There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的图案可供选择。易混辨析vary/change vary侧重指“变化”；强调“有所不同”。change指“使发生以新代旧的变化”或“使改变得与原物完全不同”。Try not to start every sentence with“the”.Vary the beginning of your sentences.尽量不要让每个句子都以the开头，让你的句子开头有所变化。2.gesturen.作“手势”讲时一般用作可数名词，但当表示整体概念时，常作不可数名

3、词；作“姿势，表示”讲时用作可数名词。v.打手势；示意English people do not use as much gesture as Italians.英国人不如意大利人用的手势多。He said that he would help,but Im sure it was only a gesture.他说他会帮我的，但我相信这只不过是一种表示而已。We show respect for people by using different gestures.我们用不同的姿势来表示对别人的尊敬。She was gesturing so excitedly that I knew som

4、ething was wrong.她激动得直打手势，我知道出问题了。常用结构：make a friendly gesture to sb.向某人作友善的表示He made a rude gesture with his fingers.他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势。municatevt.传递信息，交流常用结构：communicate sth.to sb.传达（新闻，消息，感情）；传递（运动）。其后面常跟事物名词作宾语。communicate with通信息，联系，谋求思想的沟通，相通She communicated her intention to me.她把她的意向告诉了我。They com

5、municated the news to me yesterday.=They communicated me the news yesterday.他们昨天把那个消息告诉了我。Young people should often communicate with their parents.年轻人应该经常同他们的父母沟通。My garden communicates with the garden next door by means of a gate.我的花园与隔壁的花园有门相通。communication n.通信，联络；交通或通讯工具Among the deaf and dumb,c

6、ommunication may be carried on by means of the fingers alphabet.聋哑人借助手语传达意思。Language is a major means of communication.语言是主要的交际工具。4.dealn.协议；交易v.经营；买卖；处理常用结构：make/do/conclude a deal with sb.与某人达成一笔交易a great/good deal of大量的;许多的deal in.在某方面经营生意deal with处理；与做生意；涉及；论述It is a deal.(口语)成交/就这么办吧！He didnt k

7、now how to deal with the problem.他不知道如何处理这个问题。Ill make a deal with you;you help me with my math homework and Ill clean the floor for you.我想和你做一笔交易，你帮我做数学作业而我帮你打扫地板。5.involvev.包括；涉及；卷入常用结构：involve sb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与（做）某事，使某人牵扯到某事中be/get/become involved in 卷入之中;专心于The job involves a lot of travelli

8、ng.这份工作需要经常出差。He became involved in the criminal activities.他与这次犯罪活动有关。Please dont involve me in your family arguments.别把我牵扯进你们的家庭争执中去。He was involved in working out a plan all night.他整个晚上都在聚精会神地制定计划。involved adj.复杂的，有牵连的，有关的易混辨析involve/include/contain这三个词都有“包括”的意思。involve指使包括的事物成为必然的结果或条件；include指所

9、含的东西只是整体的一部分；contain是全部包括，另外还可表示与所包含的东西是一个有机整体，不可分割。There are five people in the car,including two children.车上有五个人，包括两个小孩。The whole book contains 12 units,including two mainly revisions.这本书总共有12个单元，包括2个复习单元。Being a sailor involves long periods away from home.作为海员，就必然会长期不在家。6.favourn.好意，帮助，恩惠；喜爱，宠爱；偏

10、爱常用结构：ask sb.a favour=ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙do sb.a favour=do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙in favour of 支持，赞同in sb.s favour 对某人有利out of favour 失宠的;不流行的find/lose favour with sb.得/失宠于某人Can you do me a favour to take a picture of me?你能帮个忙，给我拍张照吗？A mother shouldnt show too much favour to one of her children.

11、母亲不应偏袒任何一个孩子。Everyone is in favour of Toms proposal.每个人都赞同汤姆的计划。favourable adj.赞同的；嘉评的favourite adj.最喜爱的7.spreadvi.张开；传播；流传；通知She is the sort of woman who enjoys spreading rumours.她是那种喜欢散布谣言的女人。News of the explosion spread swiftly.关于发生爆炸的消息迅速传播开来。Paper making began in China and from here it spread t

12、o North Africa and Europe.造纸术起源于中国并且从中国传播到北非和欧洲。8.starevi.凝视；盯着看Its not polite to stare at people for a long time.长时间盯着人看是不礼貌的。Stop staring out of the window and do some work.别盯着窗外看了，快点干活吧。Do you like being stared at?你喜欢被人注视吗？常用结构：being staring sb.in the face 清楚地摆在某人面前The book I was looking for was

13、staring me in the face.我找的书就摆在我面前。The solution is staring at you in the face.解决方法就明显地摆在你面前。易混辨析stare/glare/glance stare 指由于生气、害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某物。glare 指怒目而视。glance 指快速地看某人或某物一眼。She glanced shyly at him from behind her fan.她羞涩地从她的扇子后面看了他一眼。Everyone glared at the two who kept talking when the others were

14、studying in the classroom.教室里其他人都在学习而那两个人不停地讲话，大家都瞪着他们。9.requiren.&v.请求;需求易混辨析require/demand/request/ask/order require表示“要求”，含有“要求履行”的意思，表示根据权利要求对方做到某事。The situation requires that we should be calm.形势要求我们保持镇静。This job requires you to be very careful and quick-thinking.这项工作要求你们非常细心并且反应要快。demand 表示“权威

15、性地和断然地向对方提出要求”，它和require相比较，具有更加积极和更加强硬的口气。I demand that you leave here.我要求你离开这里。They demanded an immediate answer from Jack.他们要求杰克立刻做出回答。注意：当它的主语是物时，意为“必须具备”。This work demands care and patience.这项工作需要仔细和耐心。request表示“通过正式手续或者非常有礼貌地请求对方做某事”。I request them to stop making such a noise.我请求他们不要再制造这种嗓音。Al

16、l that I request of you is that you should be early.我所要求的只是你应该早些来。注意：request是一种书面语，平时在口语中，尤其是在家庭成员和亲密朋友之间常用ask代替。ask 表示“要求，请求”，是最常用的词。I ask him to come with me.我请他和我一起来。order 表示“命令”，是上级要求下级办到的事情，具有强制性。The officer ordered that the work(should)be started after dark军官下令天黑开始工作。重点短语10.hold up举起；抬起；阻碍；使停止

17、；支撑Can you hold up the stone for some minutes?你能举起这块石头持续几分钟吗？We were held up by the traffic.交通堵塞把我们耽误了。联想拓展hold back 阻挡，抑制；隐瞒，保留；踌躇不前hold on=hang in 等一会儿，别挂（打电话时）；坚持；继续hold down 压制，镇压；缩减hold on to 紧紧抓住；保留；留下，不卖（某物）hold out 伸出；维持；保持hold sb.up as 将某人作为榜样11.give away赠送；泄露；丧失；牺牲；分发，颁发Dont give away my s

18、ecret.不要泄露我的秘密。he mayor gave away the prizes at the sports meet.市长在运动会上颁发奖品。He gave away most of his money to charity.他把大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。In any way,you never give away the good chance.无论如何，你不要丧失了好机会。联想拓展give up 放弃；让出，让座；停止做，断绝give in 屈服；投降；交上give off 散发出（光、热、烟、气、味等）give out 分发（=hand out）；发出，放出；用完，耗尽；分布；

19、发布（消息）give rise to 引起;造成give way 让路，让步；垮掉；崩溃give way to 给让路/让步；被代替12.be on guard（保持）警惕，心存戒备Be on guard against pickpockets.当心扒手。The sentry is on guard.那名哨兵在担任警戒。13.make a deal(with.)(与)做成交易，达成协议We made a deal with the management on overtime.我们加班与管理人员达成了一项协议。They both wanted to use the car,so they ma

20、de a deal.他们都想用车，于是他们达成了一项协议。14.more than不仅仅；多于，超过more than用于比较级，当后面接数词时，表示“超过，多于”；后面接名词、形容词、动词时，表示抽象的意义,意为“不仅仅;非常，十分”。It is more than a museum;its a school.这不仅仅是一个博物馆，还是一所学校。Im more than happy to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。It cost me more than$100.这个花了我100多美元。联想拓展more A than B与其说是B，不如说是A（连接两个并列成分）no more th

21、an=only 仅仅;不过（后接数字）；正是（后接名词）not more than=at most 至多（后接数字）no more.than 和一样不（对双方否定）not more.than 比不上;不及（对双方加以肯定，但程度不同）more than a little 非常;很less than（=not at all）少于；一点也不no less than(=as much as)不少于；多达not less than 至少15.by accident碰巧（意思等同于accidentally，by chance）I discovered the fossil quite by accide

22、nt.我发现这块化石纯属偶然。联想拓展by 除了可以引导交通类的方式状语外，还可以构成一些习语，如：I took his umbrella by mistake.我错拿了他的伞。The position of the enemy was taken by surprise in half a day.敌人阵地在半天内就被出其不意地攻下了。注意:这些词组大多不用冠词，也不用复数。重点句型16.In Russia,you should make a toast every time you take a sip from your glass.在俄国，你每一次从杯子里抿一小口时，都要向别人祝酒。e

23、very time 每次，这里用作连词，引导时间状语从句。联想拓展类似的名词作从属连词的还有：the first(second,.)time 第一（二，）次next time 下次each time 每次the moment/minute/second.（=as soon as）一就the instant(=as soon as)一就Every time he comes to see us,he will buy some wonderful gifts.他每次来看我们时，都会买一些精美的礼物。I knew we would be good friends the first time I

24、met her.我第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。17.But we dont clap at the end of a television programme or a book,however good they are.但是无论一个电视节目或一本书是多么好，我们都不会在它们结束时鼓掌。however 无论，不管，这里用作连词，相当于no matter how,引导让步状语从句。从句的结构一般是“however+adj./adv.+主+谓”；另外，however还可用作副词，表示转折，意为“然而，可是”。However late he went back home,his mot

25、her was waiting for him.无论他回家多么晚，他的母亲都等着他。易混辨析however/but/while/though however adv.意为“然而，不过”，通常置于句首或句中，有时也可置于句末，语气比but弱，常用逗号与句子隔开。but conj.意为“但是”，表示转折，连接两个分句，语气较强。while conj.意为“而”，表示转折，同时强调两者的对比，连接两个分句。though adv.意为“然而，不过”，表示补充附带说明某个情况，一般放于句末，用逗号与句子隔开。构词法.利用派生法，品句填词1.An international team reported l

26、ast week that the virus is so destructive,it can even _ unborn children,so well consider how humans can prevent the spread of this _ virus by taking action.(infect)2.If he prays for courage,you say god gives him _,or he gives him an opportunity to be _?(courage)答案:1.infect;infectious 2.courage;courageous.串联扩展在横线上填入适当的单词或词义v./n.adj./n./v.+-ousnumber数量_1_很多的continue 继续coutinous _2_nerve 神经_3_紧张的rebel 反抗rebelious _4_danger 危险dangerous_5_ poison 毒药_6_ 有毒的mountain 山mountainous _7_humour 幽默_8_幽默的答案:1.numerous 2.连续不断的 3.nervous 4.反抗的 5.危险的 6.poisonous 7.多山的8.humourous