英语：UNIT2 GRAMMAR课件（牛津译林版选修8）.ppt

1、Unit 2 The universal languageGrammar and usage1.What kind of person is the princess Turandot?(She is)Cold-hearted.2.How many times will Turandot be staged in the Forbidden City?(It will be staged in the Forbidden City)Eight(times).3.What were the key ingredients for the production of this opera?The

2、bringing together of the group of people from many countries,the music and the setting(were the key ingredients for the production of this opera).Review:Answer some questions based on Turandot in Beijing.What is Ellipsis?Some words can be left out when we do not want to repeat them.This is called el

3、lipsis.Ellipsis is used when we do not want to repeat words or phrases that are obvious.Some words of a sentence can be left outwhile the meaning can still be understood.1.My father likes sports more than Tom.(wrong)2.My father likes sports more than Tom does.(correct)3.My father likes sports more t

4、han he likes Tom.(correct)I.简单句中的省略1.在口语中How is your mother today?(She is)Much better.(Is there)Anything wrong?2.在祈使句中(You)Open the door,please.(I)Thank you very much.3.在感叹句中What a(good)boy(he is)!How(hard)they are working!4.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物At her mothers(house)she passed many h

5、appy days.I met him at the doctors(house).5.动词不定式的省略a.为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to:这类动词有:expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,would like,like和love等。如:She asked me to dance with her,but I didnt want to(dance with her).Will you go with me?Well,Id like to(go with you).b.在have

6、 to,need,ought to,be going to,used to等后省略动词。如:I really didnt want to go there with him,but I had to(go there with him).c.在某些形容词delight,glad,happy,pleased等后省略to后面的动词。如:Will you join in our discussion?Ill be glad to(join in your discussion).d.若不定式中带有be,have等,通常保留be,have。如:Are you a teacher?No,but I us

7、ed to be(a teacher).John didnt come,but he ought to have(come).1.He promised to come to see you.But he _.Ive been all alone.A.didnt B.wouldnt C.hasnt D.wont2.Have you watered the flowers?No,but _.A.I am B.Im going C.Im just going to D.I will go3.He hasnt gone to the office up to now.Well,he _.A.shou

8、ld B.ought to C.ought to go D.ought to haveII.并列句中的省略1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。如：She was poor but(she was)honest.Bob has done his homework,but Tom hasnt(done his homework).2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。如：Mary can（speak English）and(Mary)ought to speak English.Bob works(in London),and Peter liv

9、es in London.III.复合句中的省略1.主句的省略1）主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。(Its a)pity you couldnt come.2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。Shall I go to play?If you like.(you can go to play).2.宾语从句中的省略1）由which,when,where,how和why 引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。如：Please pass me one of these books,I dont care which(book you pass me).He

10、will come back,but she doesnt know when(he will come back).She wants to learn English well,yet she doesnt know how(she can learn it well).2)在Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess,I expect,I suppose,I imagine等开头的作答句中,后面跟so 与 not 分别用于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。b.Do you think it will rain?I hope so(it will rai

11、n).a.Do you believe our team will win?I guess so(your team will win).I hope not(that it will not rain).I guess not(your team will not win).c.Will we be late?Im afraid so/not.1.I slipped on the stairs.I think my arm is broken.Oh!I _.A.do not hope to B.do not hope C.hope not so D.hope not2.Is Professo

12、r Tate very sick?Im afraid _.A.so B.this C.to D.that3.状语从句中的省略1)在有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略。这种结构通常为：if it is possible,when it is necessary等。如：Please try to finish your homework by yourself if(it is)possible.Well have the old house pulled down when(it is)necessary.2)在虚拟条件状语从句中,当助动词为were,had,

13、should等时,连词if可省略,但were,had和should需要倒装到主语的前面。如:Were I you,I would do more exercise.Had I had time,I would have gone shopping with you.=If I were you4)如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从语中的主语及be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有:when,while,though,if和unless。如：When(you are)crossing the road,youd better look at both

14、 sides.The little girl began to cry when(she was)asked by the police.Unless(I am)invited I will not go.3)以as,than 引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。如：He got up early as usual(he did).After half a hour,she became quieter(than she had been).He studies as hard as you(study).4.定语从句中的省略1)定语从句的关系代词that/which/who在从句中作主语且

15、后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词。如：The girl(who is)standing under the tree is Mary.The bridge(which was)built in 1927 broke down.The girl(who is)in front of the classroom is Mary.2)在限制性定语从句中起宾语作用的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在the same.as和such.as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是the way,后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或in which。如：He is

16、one of the man(whom)I can trust.We will do the same work as they(do).I dont like the way(that/in which)you speak to your mother.1.Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained 2.What surpris

17、ed me was not what he said but _ he said it.(NMET 2004湖北卷)A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which 3.When first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.(NMET 2004全国卷II)A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced 4.It shames me to say it,but I told a lie whe

18、n _ at the meeting by my boss.(NMET 2004全国卷IV)A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned 5.In my opinion,life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.2007 安徽卷 A.that used to be B.it is used toC.it was used to D.it used to be6.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silen

19、t at the conference.(NMET 2003上海春)A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited5.惯用的省略结构以及在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略1)固定句型How/What about+n./pron./v-ingWhat about some more milk?What about him?How about going out for a walk?2)Why not+省去to的动词不定式Why not go at once?have trouble(in)doing3 固定短语中介词的省略be busy(

20、in)doing sth.6.省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中，例如：Newspaper headlines:Turandot on stageSigns and labels:No smokingInstructions:Do not bendPostcards and diaries:Have not had time to write diary Notes:Opera OK,costumes greatRead Part A carefully and find out the words that can be left out.Jane:How did you feel ta

21、king part in Turandot?Singer:It was a real privilege for me to be cast.It had always been one of my strongest desires to have a part in Turandot.Jane:How were you hired for the job?Singer:Well,Im a musical performer,One day,I saw a poster that the production companys Personnel Department had put up

22、saying that they were looking for singers.I applied for the job,and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus.Jane:Was it difficult to try out?Singer:Yes,it was difficultSinger:The best part was visiting Beijing because the performance was staged in the Forbidden City.Singer:Yes

23、,I would like to visit Beijing again.Jane:Well,its been fun talking to you.I thank you for your time.Singer:You are welcome.Part B Tian rong has read the following uses of ellipsis.Choose the category each one belongs to.a postcards and diariesb newspaper headlinesc signs and labels d instructionse

24、notes1 Pop star dies b Bob James,the pop star dies of drug abusing.2 Stage door c This is the door to the stage.3 Performance last night not as good as usuala The performance last night was not as good as usual.a postcards and diaries b newspaper headlinesc signs and labels d instructions e notes4 H

25、andle with cared Please handle this with care.5 Turandot,wonderful performance,setting fantastice Turandot is really a wonderful performance,and the setting is fantastic too.a postcards and diaries b newspaper headlinesc signs and labels d instructions e notesHomework1.Finish the exercises of C1 and C2 in the workbook.2.Preview Task