2021届高考英语二轮语法复习 专题2 名词和主谓一致.doc

1、名词和主谓一致教师学生时间和时段 年 月 日（ ： ： ）学科英语年级 教材名称 授课题目高考一轮专题复习二：名词和主谓一致课 次第（ ）次课专题基础知识及运用【小试牛刀】1. Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of_visitors_(visit)from home and abroad. 2. Secondly,we must be able to speak it correctly with_confidence_(confi

2、dent) and without hesitation.3. Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese_paintings_(painting).4. -Where did you two have your_stomachs_(stomach)examined? -At the doctors.We

3、 were examined by two famous_Germans_(German).5. Last night we went to the barbers,where I met a friend of my_brothers_(brother).6. She is the only one among the_women_(woman) writers who often works in that_shoe_(shoe)shop for her new story.7. （用一般现在时）What we need most_is_(be) money while what we n

4、eed most_are_(be) textbooks.8. （用一般现在时）A pair of glassed_is_(be) on the table,but the glasses_arent_(be not) yours.9. （用一般现在时）A survey of the opinions of the experts_shows_(show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week_is_(be) good for ones health.10. The family as well as their dog_were trapped

5、_(trap)on the roof by the flood yesterday. 11. （用一般现在时）There_(be) a dog and three ducks in the yard,in the middle of which_(be) two tall trees with great shade. 答案：is；are12. Dr. Black,as well as his students_(do) experiments in the lab now. 答案： is doing【必备知识点】考点1 名词的数1.有些可数名词的单、复数同形，要根据上下文确定它们是单数还是复

6、数。例：sheep羊，fish鱼，deer鹿，Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，means方式2. 有些可数名词虽然是单数形式，但表示复数意义。此类名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：people人们， police警察们，警方3. 一般而言，集合名词若强调一个整体，作单数用；若强调各个成员，作复数用。例：class班级，family家庭， group小组4. “of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance,value,use,significance,help等。 例：This dictionary is of great value to st

7、udents.=This dictionary is very valuable to students.5. 有些名词作不可数名词和可数名词时含义不同 time时间times次数，倍数 work工作works作品，工厂 paper纸papers试卷，论文，报纸6. 抽象名词具体化 英语中有一些名词在通常情况下表示抽象概念，是不可数名词，但被赋予了具体含义之后，转换为可数名词，即抽象名词具体化。抽象名词具体化实例：抽象名词（不可数）具体化后（可数）beauty美，美貌beauty美人，美好的事物danger危险danger危险的人或事failure失败failure失败的事，失败的人succe

8、ss成功，胜利success成功的事，成功的人honor尊敬，敬意honor令人尊敬的人/事pleasure愉快，快乐pleasure乐事surprise惊奇surprise令人惊奇的事物pity怜悯，同情pity憾事考点2 名词的格1. 填空 the _ schoolbag 那个男孩的书包 the_ toys 那些孩子的玩具 _ Day 教师节 _ Day 妇女节 my_ plan 我老板的计划 my_birthday 我姐夫的生日 a_ holiday 一周的假 thirty_ ride 三十分钟的车程 the window _ the room 房间的窗户 the arrival of

9、the visitors 参观者的到来 the bottom of the sea海底 the cost of living 生活成本2. 双重所有格 _ 我弟弟的一位朋友 _ 我的一个好朋友 _ 我的一张照片（照片上是我） _ 我的一张照片（所属于我） 考点3 名词作定语1. 名词作定语时一般使用单数形式，但有少数使用复数形式 例：sports meeting clothes store2. 带有名词作定语的名词词组由单数变为复数时，通常只变后面被修饰的名词，作定语的名词通常不变。但如果作 定语的名词是man或者是woman，作定语的名词和被修饰的名词都要变为复数形式。 例：a shoe f

10、actory 一个鞋厂five shoe factories 五个鞋厂 a man teacher 一个男老师two men teachers 两个男老师 a woman doctor 一个女医生four women doctors四个女医生考点4 主谓一致1. 主谓一致的原则：语法一致，逻辑一致，就近一致。2. 语法一致就是指句子的谓语动词和句子主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。两个特殊情况： （1）主语后面紧跟着as well as,rather than ,except,besides,with,along with,together with,like,including等时，谓语动词的形

11、式与前面的主语保持一致，跟后面的无关。 例：The teacher as well as the students is ready to help others. （2）trousers，clothes，glasses，chopsticks，scissors，gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但当主语被kind of/pair of/amount of等修饰时，谓语动词的形式根据kind/pair/amount的数来确定例：Jims trousers are brown. This pair of trousers was made by Mr.Li.3. 逻辑一致就是谓语动词的数必须

12、和主语的意义一致（因为有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时主语形式为复数，但意义为单数）。几种特殊情况： （1）由“a lot of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority or+名词”构成的短语以及由“百分数/分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据短语中的名词来定。 例：Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered by water. （2） a number of+复数名词：表示“许多”，作主语时谓语动词用复数 the number of+复数名词：表示“的数量”，谓语动词用单数 （3

13、）表示时间、距离金额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语通常作整体来看，谓语动词用单数形式。 例：For those hikers,ten kilometers is not a long distance.4. 就近一致就是谓语动词的人称和数与距其最近的主语保持一致。我们称为“就近原则”。符合就近原则的情况： （1）由“eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also”连接的名词/代词作主语时。 （2）在表示存在意义的there be句型中。【巩固练习高考真题】 1. But for tourists like me,pandas are its top_attr

14、action_(attract).2. Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of_achievement_(achieve).3. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived fro roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the_development_(develop)of the chopsticks.4. Some schools will have to ma

15、ke _adjustments_(adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.5. -Go and say sorry to your Mum,Dave. -Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my_apologies_(apologize).6. -Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? -Thats a good _suggestion_(sugges

16、t).7. Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with_patience_(patient).8. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest._honesty_(改错)9. The nursery team switches him every few_days_(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed10. Recent _studies_(study)show that

17、we are far more productive at work11. If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books._knowledge_ （改错）12. The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me._years_（改错）13. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier._air_（改错）14

18、. Since then-for all these year-we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please._years_（改错）15. If you fell stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step backLeaving the less important things until tomorrow_is_(be) often acceptable.16. Confucius believed knives would remin

19、d people of killings and_were_(be) too violate for use at the table.17. for most of us the_changes_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river18. All we need _is_(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees.19. The famous

20、musician,as well as his students,_was invited_(invite) to perform at the opeing ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 完形填空 阅读下列短文,掌握其大意,从各题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk. And theyve never actually 1 you. Every

21、thing they know about you 2 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 3 they feel they can know you 4 from the sound of your voice. Thats how powerful the 5 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 6 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom Id n

22、ever met 7 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 8 me. I sometimes wished to 9 another agent. One morning, I had to 10 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Ranis office 11 . The woman sitting at the desk, 12 my madness, sympatheti

23、cally jumped up. She gave me a 13 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 14 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought. Rushing out 15 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, whats your name?” “Im Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 16 woman with a big smil

24、e on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 17 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 18 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Ranis 19 -her warm smile, her nods, her Im here for you 20 -were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires

25、.1. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met2. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed3. A. Thus B. Yet C. Then D. Indeed4. A. rather B. also C. just D. already5. A. telephoneB. voice C. connection D. impression6. A. direct B. useful C. easy D. accurate7. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purp

26、ose8. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused9. A. promote B. train C. find D. know10. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book11. A. for the first time B. at any time C. from time to time D. in good time12. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding13. A. shy B. comforting C. famili

27、ar D. forced14. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list15. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully16. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant17. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless18. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever19. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. s

28、killfulness20. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D. behavior【KEYS】DABCA DAACD ABBCC DDBCB生词笔记整理：阅读理解AReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then need to discuss them.Now,the website BookC turns the page on the traditional id

29、ea of a book groups. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves place, hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds

30、 it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the sit

31、e and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then can to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book t

32、o gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the real and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A.To

33、 explain what they are. B. To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.2. What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The book. B. An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number.3.What will a BookCrosse

34、r do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.keep it safe in his bookcase. C.Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.4. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour. B. Electronic Books: A New Trend. C.A book Group Brings Trad

35、ition Back. D.A Website Links People through Books.生词笔记整理：B A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstanding - undoubtedly first-rate photo-jounalism-if they had been made last week.In fact,they were shot from 1914 through 19

36、16,most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance,a small,tight,Norwegian-built three-master that was intended t

37、o take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all,to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled（雪橇）across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon

38、 Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scotts last jou

39、rney, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make mone

40、y from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.5. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A.They were made last week. B. They showed underse

41、a sceneries. C. They were found by a cameraman. D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.6. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text? A. Frank Hurley. B. Erenst Shackleton C. Robert Falcon Scott. D. Caroline Alexander.7.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? A. Ar

42、tistic creation B. Scientific research C. Money making D. Treasure hunting生词笔记整理：七选五阅读 Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 1 G But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restauran

43、ts as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 2 D This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 3 F Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 4 A When you have bought a

44、fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one. There are many common methods used to cook fish. 5 B First,clean it and season it wi

45、th your choice of spices(调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then,its ready to serve.A.Do not buy it.B.The easiest is to steam it.C.This is how you can do it.D.It just requires a little know

46、ledge.E.The fish will go bad within hours.F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.G.The fats in fish are though to help prevent heart disease.语法填空和短文改错第一节 语法填空 (共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1608, Thomas Coryate, an Englishman, visited Italy. He liked the country a

47、nd noted down every interesting thing 1 that he had found. But there was one thing he found more interesting than the others. In his diary, Thomas wrote,When the Italians eat meat, they use small forks instead 2 of their hands. As they say, people do not always have clean hands. Before 3 leaving (le

48、ave) for England, Thomas bought a few forks. At home he gave a dinner party to show the invention to his friends. When the servants brought the steak, he took out 4 a fork and began to eat as people did in Italy. Everybody looked at him in surprise. When he told his friends what it was, they all wan

49、ted 5 to take (take) a good look at the strange thing. They said that the Italians were very strange people, for the fork was not very 6_convenient_ (conveniently). Thomas tried to prove the opposite. He said 7 it was not nice to eat meat with ones fingers 8 because they were not always clean .He wa

50、nted to show how easy it was to use the fork. But the first piece of meat he took with the fork 9 fell (fall) to the floor. His friends began to laugh and he had to take the fork away. Only fifty years later 10 did people in England begin to use forks.第二节 短文改错(共10小题:每小题1分,满分10分) An old woman had a c

51、at. The cat was very old to run quickly, and nor was she able to bite it. One day the old cat too 去掉it saw a mouse in the kitchen.She jumped and caught it.But the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, so the cat could because not bite it. Then the old woman became very angrily because the cat had

52、 not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat in angry the head.The cat said, “Do not hit your old servant. I had worked for you for many years, and I would even work for you, have stillbut I am too old. Do not unkind to the old, but remember how good work the old did when they were young. Nobody

53、stay 加个be what staysyoung forever. 应用文书面表达假定你是李华。你的美国笔友Tom给你发了封邮件，询问你假期做了些什么、新学期有什么打算。因为准备开学后的考试，你未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回邮件。 1未能及时回复的原因； 2假期外出旅游、阅读小说、复习功课；3新学期努力学习，争取考上理想大学。注意：1词数100左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom,_ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【写作指导】 本篇书面表达是一封电子邮件，属于半开放性写作。题目要求中已给出提示要点，内容包括：未能及时回复的原因；假期外出旅游、阅读小

54、说和复习功课；新学期的打算等。除了所给要点外，根据行文需要，考生可适当增加一些细节，比如收到Tom的邮件后却未能及时回复的感受。在写作中考生应合理运用一些高级词汇和句式，如be busy with, at the beginning of, reply to, devote to, spare some time to do sth. ,be admitted to等，以增加文章的可读性。One possible version:Dear Tom, Im so glad to receive your email. Im really sorry for this late reply. Re

55、cently, Ive been so busy with an important exam at the beginning of the new term that I failed to reply to your letter in time.As a senior III student,I had to devote most of my time to reviewing my lessons during the summer vacation. However,I still managed to spare some time to travel to several p

56、laces of interest and read novels to refresh myself. In the new term, Ill work hard and try to make greater progress,hoping to be admitted to my dream university. Best wishes， Yours sincerely, Li Hua【一句多译】表达方式一：Im really sorry that I reply late.表达方式一：Recently, Ive been preparing for an important exam