2021届高考英语通用版一轮复习考点专讲：考点54 短文改错 学案 WORD版含解析.doc

1、考点54 短文改错高考频度：高考短文改错题是在给出一篇约100词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。每句中最多有两处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。高考短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。此题型不仅要求考生牢固的掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。它针对考生平时学习英语过程中，尤其是在写作中常犯的错误而设计的，考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。【试题特点】一般来说，短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生文章或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料篇

2、幅较短，约100词左右，1012个句子；难度不大，基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见，通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看，历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。通常从词法，句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，错误类型有多词，缺词，和错词三种，比例一般为错词：多词：缺词=8（7）：1（2）：1短文改错：近三年的对比分析20162019年英语新课标全国I卷短文改错考向双向细目表年份试卷类型体裁词数考点分布2019年新课标卷I记叙文95形容词；定语从句；冠词；连词；副词； 固定搭配；名词的数；现在分词； 固定搭配； 固定搭配新课标卷II记叙文105名词的

3、数；形容词的用法；序数词；副词；介词；连词；there be句型形容词；形容词比较级；一般过去时新课标卷III说明文108不定式；动词的时态；形容词 固定搭配；介词；代词；定语从句 动词的固定搭配；名词的数；冠词 2018年新课标卷I记叙文113冠词；动词时态；不定代词；副词；名词复数定语从句；非谓语动词；形容词；介词；连词新课标卷II记叙文108名词；名词单复数；冠词；非谓语动词情态动词；代词；固定搭配；介词；时态宾语从句的连接词新课标卷III记叙文102时态；非谓语动词；连词；固定搭配；代词；固定结构；比较级；主谓一致；副词2017年新课标卷I记叙文114数词；冠词；连词；时态；单复数；非

4、谓语动词；固定句型；副词；形容词；介词新课标卷II记叙文92不定代词；冠词；形容词；定语从句；副词；动词搭配；连接词；名词；时态；非谓语动词新课标卷III记叙文110介词；动词时态；连词；非谓语动词；动词时态；限定词；定语从句；形容词；形容词最高级；代词2016年新课标卷I记叙文93定语从句；连词；时态；词性；连词；非谓语动词；介词；冠词；代词；副词 新课标卷II记叙文106特殊结构；情态动词；并列结构；连词；冠词；代词；名词单复数；虚拟语气；时态；代词。新课标卷III说明文108名词复数；形容词最高级；冠词；反身代词；so/such的用法；时态；形容词；非谓语动词；介词；状语从句【解题策略】

5、专题一 错误类型：错词、多词、缺词错词、多词和缺词三者的比例大致为：8: 1: 1。其中，错词主要针对实词，多词和缺词主要针对虚词。实词包括动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词；虚词包括冠词、介词、连词。一、错词1.冠词：固定搭配、序数词、最高级等 。 2.名词：单复数、所有格等。3.代词：（1） 代词指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性包括数、格和性三方面的统一。 （2） 连接代词、疑问代词、关系代词的误用等。4.谓语动词：时态、语态、语气、情态动词、固定搭配、主谓一致等。5.非谓语动词：现在分词与过去分词、不定式之间的用法区别，非谓语动词的时态语态误用等。6.形容词、副词：（1） 两种词性的混用。

6、 （2）比较等级及修饰语的误用。7.介词：固定搭配的误用。8.连词：关联词的误用。包括并列连词（and, but, or, so, when）和从属连词（各种从句的引导词）二、多词1.冠词：名词前是否多了冠词。2.谓语动词：及物动词后是否多了介词。3.不定式：符号to是否应该省略掉。4.形容词、副词：比较级构成是否重复。5.介词：状语前、关系副词前、及物动词后是否多了介词。6.连词：主从复合句中的because与so连用、although与but连用。7.固定搭配：按照惯用法看，是否多词：如：（was）used to do三、缺词1.冠词：名词前是否缺冠词。2.不及物动词：其后是否缺介词。3.

7、不定式：是否少了不该省的to。4.动词：动词(如被动语态)、助动词、情态动词是否被遗漏。5.固定搭配：按照惯用法，是否少词。专题二 实词错误规则一、动词关于动词，首先要根据句子的结构分清改用谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要明确不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语形式，而究竟用哪种非谓语动词是由非谓语动词的句法功能决定的。第一步：分析句子结构做状语的非谓语动词可以是分词，也可以是不定式；第二步：表示目的只能是不定式。（一）谓语动词的常见错误类型1. 时态语态错用； 2. and前后动词形式不一致；3. 第三人称单数形式错用；4. 主谓不一致；5. 易混动词的用法错误；6. 缺少动词，特别是be动词；7.主动语态

8、和被动语态错用；8. 动词的固定搭配错误等。（二）非谓语动词的常见错误1. 动词与非谓语动词混用； 2. 三类非谓语动词之间的混用；3. 不定式符号to的有无；4.并列结构连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；5.介词后用了动词原形而不是动名词作宾语；6.某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式作宾语，容易混淆。二、名词 名词的常见错误主要是单复数及所有格的错误使用。【解题方法】1.区别名词的可数与不可数2.根据名词前面的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断用单数还是复数3.记住常考的一些不可数名词：advice, fun, progress, information, furniture, eq

9、uipment三、代词 常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要注意它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、性是否正确和前后是否一致。数：I we him them格：she her my mine性：he she him her四、形容词和副词（一）形容词和副词的混用1. 除了be之外，多数系动词后要用形容词作表语；2. 词性的误用：形容词主要作定语修饰名词；副词主要做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。（二）形容词和名词等其他词类的混用。 （三）比较级最高级的误用以及一些固定搭配如asas的误用。 五、固定搭配固定搭配指与动词

10、、形容词、副词等有关的短语、平时要多注意积累。专题三 破解虚词之错一、冠词1.误用a和an：根据单词的第一个因素来判定。2.误用 a和 the3.多冠词或缺冠词二、介词主要考查介词在固定短语中的误用、多用或者漏用、这些短语包括介词与动词、形容词、名词等连用。三、连词为使文章结构严谨，在行文中要用到各种连词。在并列句中，我们要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系。在复合句中，应根据主从句之间的关系来判断连词的使用是否正确。（一） 并列连词的误用主要涉及and, but, or, so等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格来说，这类错误主要是行文逻辑的错误

11、。（二）从句引导词的错误主要涉及引导词的错用、误加与漏用，有时候将不是从句的成分吴认为是从句而误加引导词。这就需要考生弄清词性以及句子之间的关系。另外，还要注意一些连词的固定用法：either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also, not.but等，要注意它们的搭配。专题四 备考策略 一、把握三四五，共十二个考点三个必考点：1. 名词的单复数；2. 介词的误用、多用或少用；3. 动词时态不一致。四个常考点：1. 连词的误用、多用或少用；2. 冠词的误用、多用或少用；3. 词语辨析；4. 词性误用。五个考点：1. 代词；2. 非谓语动词；3. 情态动词；4. 主

12、谓一致；5. 形容词的比较级和最高级。二、考法1. 8个改词1个添词1个删词，记住比例是：8:1:1；2. 每句有02个错误；3. 需要变形的词语通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词等；4. 少词一般是添加冠词、介词、连词、不定式的to，以及物主代词；5. 多词一般是删掉冠词、介词、助动词等。【核心思路】根据考点找错误，又快又准高速度。三、三个方面1. 词法：介词、冠词、连词的多用，少用或误用，词性误用，非谓语动词，各类词缀，如否定前缀，名词、形容词、副词后缀；2. 句法：主谓一致，时态一致，名词的单复数一致，代词的格和数一致；3. 行文逻辑：并列句中两个简单句的关系，因果、转折、选择、并列关系等。

13、短文改错解题口诀口诀一：短文改错有妙计，完整一致看仔细。词法侧重冠名动，形副互换要留意。分词出现多琢磨，主动被动加语气。全文一处多一词，一处少词关介词。时态人称要统一，连词用法重逻辑。短文改错要做好, 常见类型应记牢。口诀二：名词爱考数与格，冠词在前错、多、少； 动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了；连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆；介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到；句法涉及到一致，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。811 排列是规律，回读复查敲定稿。注 1. 一致包括主谓一致，数、性、格等的一致。2. 811常指：8处错误，1处多词，1处少词。 四、解题步骤1 浏览全文，掌握大意2 分

14、句阅读，逐行找错3 由易到难, 各个击破 4 检查核对，注意方法具体解题步骤：做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤：通读文章，了解大意；逐句分析，行中找错；再读短文，检查漏洞。即按照文章句子行文章的顺序。第一步：通读全文，了解大意。短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力，必须从全篇考虑，而不能只顾一句或一行。要理解文章的谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中，要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。第二步：逐句分析，行中找错。尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的，但语言毕竟是以句子为完整意义单位的。所以，可以逐句分析，看看单句是否有错；如果有错，有几处错误，是什么错误，再看看错误在哪

15、一行。把短文改错转化为单句改错，然后再在行中找错，这样就会降低难度。第三步：再读短文，检查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是否有遗漏情况，尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。题组一（2019年高考真题）Correction 1（2019新课标I卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处

16、错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to

17、the playground. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.Correction 2（2019新课标II卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交

18、换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so

19、 coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person

20、 could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.Correction 3（2019新课标III卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只

21、允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like Tang Dynasty. In th

22、e cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.题组二（2018年高考真题）Correction 1（2018新课标I卷）

23、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big ch

24、ange there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned q

25、uite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.Correction 2（2018新课标II卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出

26、该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to

27、 watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned ou

28、t to be very useful later in my life.Correction 3（2018新课标III卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。It was Monday morning, and the writing class ha

29、d just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger

30、 group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well. Immediate, I raised my hand.题组三（2017年高考真题）Correction 1(2017新课标全国卷I) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错

31、误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had

32、learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the

33、 instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.Correction 2(2017新课标全国卷II)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意：1每处错误及其修

34、改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They of

35、ten get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！Correction 3(2017新课标全国卷III)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文

36、。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few

37、 years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kind

38、s of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.题组四（名校模拟题）Correction 1（山东省淄博市2019届高三部分学校5月阶段性诊断（二模)考试）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加

39、一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。It can be seen from the picture Mr. Liu，who wears a mask. was walking his dog. Interestingly，his dog which also wears a mask. In recent year，air pollution has become more and more serious in som

40、e areas，which have led to severe consequences. To solve this problem，firstly of all，we should raise the public awareness of protecting the environment. Secondly，the government ought to punish the illegal acts as polluting the environment severe. Thirdly，we must do our best to protecting the environm

41、ent in our daily life. Only in this way can human beings and animals share a pleasant planet or live a happy life. Correction 2.（安徽师范大学附属中学2019届高三5月考前适应性检测）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修

42、改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。My mom and dad are great cooks, but I always enjoy staying at home and having delicious food. I remembered when I was about six, all the kids in my neighborhood wanted hamburgers and chips, but some didnt have money to buy it. So my father tried to ma

43、ke some on the weekend and asked them eat at my home for the free. The kids were very happier. It helped me make lots of friend. Now I often cooking for my parents, and they like my dishes, either. Its really relaxing to sit around a table for my parents, eating and talking together.Correction 3.（湖北

44、省黄冈市2019届高三模拟）假定英语课上英语老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Dear Ms Smith,Im writing to ask whether you could do me favor. Ive just finished an essay n

45、aming “Differences between traditional Chinese and Western festivals”, so Im not sure whether it is well written. To be honestly, Im not that familiar with some traditional Western festivals. Thats because Im turning to you for help. Id appreciate it if you could spare some time to look into my essa

46、y for possible mistakes and polish them. Also, Im looking forward to your valuable advices. My essay has been sending to you along with this email. I hope it wont cause you too much more trouble.Thank you in advance.Yours sincerely,Li HuaCorrection 4（河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟（二)最后一卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你

47、修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有 10 处错误， 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。It was a rain and cold night. I finish my evening classes and was about to go back to my house. I got into a taxi and told t

48、he driver my destination. To my surprise, the driver made an apology, says he didnt know the way. What come a taxi driver didnt know the way? I was a little of angry. At the moment, an old couple stopped our car. Their destination was the same as me, so he let them in. The two greeted us but the gra

49、ndpa told the driver the way. From their conversation I knew the driver was a farmer and he has been a taxi driver just for three days.Im also new to Zhengzhou. Sometimes I make direction mistakes, but there is always someone can help me. It was cold outside, but I felt real warm.题组一Correction 1【答案】

50、I became in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyones , the ball went into the net. All th

51、e football on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，自己喜欢上了踢足球。从此成了一名优秀球员。第一处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴趣的）常修饰物；与interested（表现出兴趣

52、的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。第二处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。第三处：【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。第四处：【解析】考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。第五处：【解析】考查副词。“hard（

53、努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同。本句意思为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。第六处：【解析】考查固定搭配。“to ones + 名词”在句中表示结果，“to ones surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是”。故将surprising改为surprise。第七处：【解析】考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。第八处：【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为ch

54、eered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。第九处：【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。且“from now on（从现在开始）”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时，表示“从那时起”是from then on，故将now改为then。第十处：【解析】考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。Correction 2Since I was a kid, Ive considered differen

55、t I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so . Then, when I was in the grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal decided to be a doctor. were two reasons for the decision. On

56、e was that I was at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other that I wanted to help people in need. 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从小到大自己的职业梦想随着求学经历不断改变的过程。第一处：【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。第二处：【解析】考查形容词的用法。句中的“look

57、ed（看起来样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。第三处：【解析】考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。第四处：【解析】考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太以至于不能”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。第五处：【解析】考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词i

58、n或者at，故在high school前加in/at。第六处：【解析】考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。 “重新考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。第七处：【解析】考查there be句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。故将they改为there。第八处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕）”形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I，句意:

59、病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。第九处：【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中better为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more不能与berrer连用。故将more去掉。第十处：【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。Correction 3IvehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Now

60、mydreamistoacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple, italotofideasandefforts.WhatIwantisnotjustancafebutaveryspecialone.IwantmycafhaveaspecialthemesuchasTangDynasty.Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyinthehistoricalenvironmentiscreatedforthem.IfIsucceedinone,Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferent.Eacho

61、fmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandunique style.【详解】第一处：【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。第二处：【解析】考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required改为 requires。第三处：【解析】考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe，应用形容词。ordinarily 是副词。故把 ordinarily改为 ordinary。第四处：【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。第五处：【解析】考查介词的用法。suc

62、h as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。第六处：【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。第七处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。第八处：【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改为managing。第九处：【解析】考查名词的用法。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。第十处

63、：【解析】考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，前用a。故把an改为a。题组二Correction 1During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter w

64、hen I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, h

65、e agreed.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中的所见所闻，由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。第一处：countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。第二处：find改成found考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。第三处：another改成other 考查形容词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成ot

66、her。第四处：here改成there 考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。第五处：chicken改成chickens 考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。第六处：which改成in which或where 考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。第七处：sell改成selling 考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用sellin

67、g。第八处：happily改成happy 考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。第九处：删除for 考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。第十处：but改成and 考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。Correction 2When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all

68、 in the sitting room. As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents until I entered

69、high school. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的个人经历。小时候周五夜晚家长不允许作者看卡通片，而是让他和他们一块儿玩扑克牌游戏。长大后作者才明白，这些纸牌游戏在后来的生活中很有用。第一处：考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Friday

70、s改为Friday。第二处：考查名词单复数。all表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数。故把sort改为sorts。第三处：考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。第四处：考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。第五处：考查情态动词。would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。第六处：考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。第七处：考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿

71、意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况，故用过去时。所以在unwilling前加was。第八处：考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。第九处：考查时态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把are改为were。第十处：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。Correction 3It was Monday morning, and the writing class had ju

72、st . Everyone was silent, to see who would be called upon to read his her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a group of people. At that moment, I r

73、emembered that my father once said, The classroom is a place for learning and that leaning from textbooks, and as well. , I raised my hand.【文章大意】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。第一处：考查时态构成。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin要改为begun。第二处：考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓

74、语waiting，表伴随。第三处：考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故把and改为or。第四处：考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth渴望做某事，故eager后加to。第五处：考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。第六处：考查固定结构。be afraid to do害怕做某事，所以that为多余，删掉。第七处：考查比较级。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意思，故把larger改为large。第八处：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语

75、动词用第三人称单数includes。第九处：考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。第十处：考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故把immediate改为immediately。题组三 Correction 1 In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders,

76、 once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ left!” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I

77、 came to a stop just in the middle the road.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。第一处：eighteen改为eighteenth 考查数词。句意：在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen意思为“十八，十八个”，表示数量，eighteenth表示“第十八个的”，故将eighteen改为eighteenth。第二处：first前加the/my 考查冠词。句意：我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（学驾照）的第

78、一天”，故在first前加the或my。第三处：so改为but/yet 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。第四处：goes改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。第五处：word改为words 考查单复数。句意：教练一直喊“加速！”“减速！”“左转！”。word“单词，消息”，words 可以表示为word的复数，也表示某人说的话，这里指教练说的那些话，故将word改为words。第六处：Turning改为Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可

79、知教练的话“加速”，“减速”，“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning改为Turn。第七处：much去掉 考查固定句型。句意：我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so.that表示“如此以至于”，much为多余成分，故将much去掉。第八处：late改为later 考查副词。late在此作副词，late“迟地”，later“稍后、随后”。此处表示“几分钟之后”，故将late改为later。第九处：suddenly改为sudden 考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示

80、“意外地，忽然地”。sudden为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修饰名词stop用形容词，故将suddenly改为sudden。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。第十处：on改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road表示“在路上”，the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”，故将on改为of。Correction 2Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them ab

81、out hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. , they often get some useful from the internet. When s

82、ummer , they will invite their students pick the vegetables！【答案解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。第一处：all改为both：考查both和all的用法，both的主语是两个，而all的主语是三个或者三个以上，故将all改为both。第二处：a改为an或one：考查冠词，因为hour音标的首字母是元音，所以应用an,故将a改为an或者one。第三处：interesting改为interested：考查形容词，由于此句的主语是人，而interesting的主语是物，故将interesting改为intere

83、sted。第四处：that改为which:考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。第五处：earlier改为early：考查副词，earlier是形容词比较级，不能修饰动词get up, 故将earlier改为early。第六处：将for去掉：考查动词，bought是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for去掉。第七处：beside改为besides：考查连接词，beside是介词，“在旁边”，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside改为besides。第八处：informations改为information：考查名词，information是不可数名

84、词，故将informations改为information.第九处：came改为comes：考查时态，本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。第十处：pick改为to pick：考查动词，本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的形式表目的，故将pick前加上to。Correction 3When I look at this picture of myself. I realize how fast time flies. I grown not only physically, also menta

85、lly in the past few years. About one month after this photo was , I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying kinds of car

86、s and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.【答案解析】第一处：删除realize后的of 考查介词。realize是及物动词，后面接宾语时不需要介词。第二处： hadhave 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时。第三处： andbut 考查连词。固定短语not onlybut also意为不但而且。第四处

87、： tooktaken 考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took改为taken。第五处： becomebecame 考查动词时态。根据and前面的动词entered判断该句应该用一般过去时。第六处：在picture前加the/ this 考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。第七处：theythat/which 考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。第八处：differencedifferent 考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应该用形容词形式。第九处： la

88、telatest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late改为latest。第十处：yourmy 考查代词。根据句意可知此处是我高中时代生活的美好回忆，故把your改为my。【名师点睛】高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。一、词法改错词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连

89、接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。例如：本题中的5.about后加the 考查定冠词7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数10.many改为much 考查代词二、句法改错句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。例如：1.how改为what 考查特殊结构。2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构3.take改为taking 考查并列结构8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气三、语篇改错语篇的测

90、试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。4.but改为and 考查连词6.your改为our 考查代词和逻辑关系9.thought改为think 考查时态题组四 Correction 1【答案】It can be seen from the picture Mr. Liu，who wears a mask. walking his dog. Interestingly，his dog also wears a mask. In recent ，air pollution has become more and more serious in som

91、e areas，which led to severe consequences. To solve this problem， of all，we should raise the public awareness of protecting the environment. Secondly，the government ought to punish the illegal acts polluting the environment . Thirdly，we must do our best to the environment in our daily life. Only in t

92、his way can human beings and animals share a pleasant planet live a happy life. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了目前空气污染的严重以及所要采取的措施。第一处：考查主语从句。句意：从图中可以看到，刘先生，戴着面具,正在溜他的狗。此处it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。故在picture 后加that。第二处：考查时态。句意：从图中可以看到,刘先生,戴着面具,正在溜他的狗。结合句意可知句子用现在进行时态，故把wasis。第三处：考查谓语动词。句意：有趣的是,他的狗也戴着一个面具。该句中就一个谓语动词wea

93、r，所以就更不存在从句，故把which去掉。第四处：考查名词复数。句意：在最近这些年里。此处名词用复数形式，故把yearyears。第五处：考查主谓一致。句意：在最近一年,在一些地区空气污染越来越严重,这导致严重后果。此处是前面整个句子作先行词，所以后面非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是单数第三人称形式，故把have has。第六处：考查固定搭配。first of all“首先，最重要的是”。故把firstlyfirst。第七处：考查介词。句意：政府应该惩罚污染环境严重的违法行为。此处表示“所有”，故把asof。第八处：考查词形转换。句意：政府应该惩罚污染环境严重的违法行为。此处polluting

94、是动词，由副词来修饰，故把severeseverely。第九处：考查固定搭配。句意：在我们的日常生活中我们必须尽力保护环境。固定搭配：do ones best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故把protectingprotect。第十处：考查并列连词。句意：只有这样,人类和动物共享一个愉快的星球并过着幸福的生活。此处表示并列的递进关系，故把orand。Correction 2【答案】 My mom and dad are great cooks, I always enjoy staying at home and having delicious food. I when I

95、 was about six, all the kids in my neighborhood wanted hamburgers and chips, but some didnt have money to buy . So my father tried to make some on the weekend and asked them eat at my home for free. The kids were very . It helped me make lots of . Now I often for my parents, and they like my dishes,

96、 . Its really relaxing to sit around a table my parents, eating and talking together.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者的父母是很棒的厨师。作者小时候父亲曾免费给社区的小孩们做汉堡和薯条。现在作者长大了，经常给父母做饭。一家人在一起吃饭，其乐融融。第一处：考查连词。句意：我的父母都是很棒的厨师，所以我一直很喜欢待在家里，吃美味的食物。前后两句之间是因果关系，应用连词so/and。but表转折，故应将but改为so/and。第二处：考查时态。下文作者回忆的是六岁时的事情。那么，该处的remember表示的是“现在记

97、得”，故应将remembered改为remember。第三处：考查代词。句意：我所在社区所有的孩子都想要汉堡包和薯条，但有些人没有钱去买。buy后面的宾语应该指上文中的hamburgers and chips，代指复数名词，且作宾语，应该用代词them。故将it改为them。第四处：考查固定句式。表示“邀请某人做某事，要求某人做某事”，应该用ask sb. to do sth.结构，故应在them和eat之间加上to。第五处：考查冠词。表示“免费地”，应用for free，故the多余，应去掉。第六处：考查形容词。句意：孩子们非常开心。very修饰形容词原级，故应该将happier改为happ

98、y。第七处：考查名词。friend是可数名词，a lot of修饰可数名词复数，故将friend改为friends。第八处：考查谓语动词。句意：现在，我经常为父母做饭。often常和一般现在时态连用，因此该句应用一般现在时态。其中，cook作谓语，cooking是现在分词，不能作谓语，故将cooking改为cook。第九处：考查副词。句意：他们也喜欢我做的饭。表示“也”，either常用于否定句。用于肯定句，应用too。故将either改为too。第十处：考查介词。句意：和我的父母坐在一起吃饭聊天真的很放松。表示“和一起”，应用介词with。故将for改为with。Correction 3【答

99、案】 Dear Ms Smith,Im writing to ask whether you could do me favor. Ive just finished an essay “Differences between traditional Chinese and Western festivals”, Im not sure whether it is well written. To be , Im not that familiar with some traditional Western festivals. Thats Im turning to you for help

100、. Id appreciate it if you could spare some time to look my essay for possible mistakes and polish . Also, Im looking forward to your valuable . My essay has been to you along with this email. I hope it wont cause you too much trouble.Thank you in advance.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【文章大意】本文是一封书信，作者让对方帮忙看一

101、下自己写的文章是否有不妥之处并加以润色。第一处：考查冠词。句意：我写信是想问你能否帮我一个忙。此处的favor是可数名词，do sb a favor表示“帮某人一个忙”，故favor 前加a。第二处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我刚写完一篇名为“中国传统节日与西方节日的差异”的文章，但我不确定它是否写得好。essay 与name之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故naming改为named。 第三处：考查连词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知前后是转折而非因果关系，故so改为but。第四处：考查形容词。句意：老实说，我对一些西方传统节日不是很熟悉。此处用形容词作表语，故hones

102、tly改为honest。第五处：考查表语从句。句意：这就是我向你求助的原因。thats why表示“这就是的原因”，故because改为why。第六处：考查动词短语。句意：如果你能抽出时间来看一下我的文章，找出错误并对文章加以润色，我会感激不尽。look through表示“浏览、看”，look into表示“调查”，故into改为through。 第七处：考查代词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知此处指代my essay，故them改为 it。第八处：考查名词。句意：期待你的宝贵意见。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故advices改为advice。 第九处：考查语态。句意：我的文章已

103、经和这封邮件一起发给你了。My essay 与send之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故sending改为sent。第十处：考查形容词。句意：我希望这不会给你带来太多的麻烦。根据句意可知此处并无比较意义，more是多余的，故删除more。Correction 4【答案】It was a and cold night. I my evening classes and was about to go back to my house. I got into a taxi and told the driver my destination. To my surprise, the driver

104、made an apology, he didnt know the way. come a taxi driver didnt know the way? I was a little angry. At the moment, an old couple stopped our car. Their destination was the same as , so he let them in. The two greeted us the grandpa told the driver the way. From their conversation I knew the driver

105、was a farmer and he been a taxi driver just for three days.Im also new to Zhengzhou. Sometimes I make direction mistakes, but there is always someone can help me. It was cold outside, but I felt warm.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个寒冷的雨夜，作者在一个陌生的城市里打车的经历。第一处：考查形容词。句意：那是一个寒冷的雨夜。修饰名词night用形容词，故rainrainy。第二处：考查时态。

106、句意：我上完晚课，正要回家。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故finishfinished。第三处：考查非谓语动词。句意：司机向我道歉，说他不认识路。the driver与say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故sayssaying。第四处：考查固定句式。句意：司机怎么会不认识路？how come表示“怎么会”，故WhatHow。 第五处：考查a little of与a little的区别。句意：我有点生气。a little of修饰名词，a little修饰形容词或动词，故删除 of。第六处：考查代词。句意：他们的目的地和我的一样。此处表示“我的”，用名词性物主代词，故memine。第七处：考查连词。句意：他们两个人向我们打招呼，爷爷给司机指路。前后是顺承而非转折关系，故butand。第八处：考查时态。句意：从谈话中我得知司机是一个农民，刚开出租车三天。此处表示过去完成的动作，应该用过去完成时，故hashad。 第九处：考查定语从句。句意：但是总有人能帮助我。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句，先行词为someone，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故在someone后加who。第十处：考查副词。句意：外面很冷，但我心里很温暖。修饰形容词warm用副词，故realreally。