高中英语-Unit1《Living-well》课件—动词不定式-新人教选修7(共46张PPT).ppt

1、不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式一.结构:to do 二.(否定)not/never to do 二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式to do to be doneto be doingto have done to have been doneto have been doing-(1).They pretended

2、not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用三.用法/功能To se

3、e is to believe.Its important to learn English well.(1).主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.(2).表语I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3)宾语think/consider/find it+adj.+to

4、do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补五看watch seelook at observenotice三使letmakehave二听listen to hear一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等e.g.I made him do his work.He was

5、 made to do his work(by me).注意1 help 后面的“to”可省去e.g.They often help the grandma(to)carry water.2 see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾补时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to）3 不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have

6、no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式

7、做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。e.g.He is looking for a room to live

8、 in.他在找一个房间住。e.g.He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语（表示目的或结果）in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现(7).独立结构to

9、 be frank,to be honest,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.类似的结构(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短

10、疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg:Would you like to go with me?Id like to.(2).不定式是to be 结构,be 不可省.eg:Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.II.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.More and more people do not like watching TV;the programs seem _(get)worse all the time.

11、2.The poem is said _ (translate)into many languages in the past decade.to be gettingto have been translated3.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported _(break)the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.4.You are said _(write)a new novel these years.Have you finished it?t

12、o have been writingto have broken1._ is to lengthen life.(节约时间就是延长生命。)2.She is easy _.(她很好相处。)3.When I called him,he happened _.(我给他打电话时,他正在洗澡。)III.根据汉语提示,用不定式完成下列句子。To save timeto get along withto be taking a bath4.The book is said _ _.(据说这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言。)5.The experience makes us realize that much

13、of the world remains _.(这次经历使我们意识到世界上有很多东西仍有待探索。)to have been translated into several languagesto be explored6.The news reporter hurried to the airport,_ _.(这位新闻记者急匆匆赶到机场，结果被告知电影明星已经走了。)7.I dont think it possible _ _.(我认为一次记住100个英语单词是不可能的。)only to be told the film star had left to remember 100 Engli

14、sh words at a time8._,call(920)746-3789.(若要了解更多信息，请拨打电话(920)746-3789。)To find out more information(高考链接）1.(09.广州一摸）On their return the father asked his son _(explain)what he had learnt.2.My advisor encouraged me _(take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.(2004.Beijing)3.I dont know whether

15、you happen _(hear),but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September.(2004.Liaoning).4.The flu is believed _(cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.(2004.shanghai)to explainto taketo have heardto be caused5.He seems _（punish)by his teacher yesterday.(09

16、.高考模拟）6._(save)the badly sick lady,the doctor had an operation on her.7.He was too frightened _ (say)anything.8.The school ordered all the classroom_(clean).to have been punishedTo saveto sayto be cleanedExercise:1.He is said _(allow)to return to his country because a new president comes into power.

17、2.He spoke in such a high voice _at the further end of the room.3.In Australia,he made a lot of friends _ a using practical knowledge of the English A.to play well language.4.To play fair is as important as _ well.5.We agreed _(meet)here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.6.Rather than ride on a cro

18、wded bus,he always prefers _(ride)a bicycle.7.The boy want to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _(do).8.Ill do whatever I can _ my English.9.My grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry)about.10.You shouldnt allow students _(play)games near the classroom,for its too noisy.to be al

19、lowed(as)to be heardto getto playto improve to meetto ridenot to doto worry aboutto play 11.I had meant _(call)on you,but I was so busy.12.To know what is good and _(do)what is right are two different things.13.You must have taken a lot of trouble _ _(find)this materials for us.14.He was afraid _(go

20、)forwards because he was afraid of falling down.15.I hate _(hear)their complaints all day.One of these days,I will tell them what I really think.16.The way they talked _(settle)the problem seemed impossible.17.He let me repeat his instructions _(make)sure that I understood what was _(do)after he wen

21、t away.18.Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).He always works hard.19.My cousin has passed the entrance examination.My family sent him an E-mail _(congratulate)him on his success.to callto doto findto goto have heardto settleto maketo be doneto learnto congratulate1.My teacher was made _ his teachi

22、ng2.because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up B.C.give up D.given upC.2.The sentence wants _ once more.D.explained B.to explain E.C.being explained D.explainingF.3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.G.having been B.to have beenH.C.to be D.being4.The Emperor ordered th

23、e wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenB.C.to be weaving D.to weaveC.5.I found the German language hard _.D.learned B.learning E.C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offB.C.to turn it off D.having tu

24、rned it off几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth.停止去做某事doing sth.停止正在做forget to do sth.忘记去做doing sth.忘记已做了remember to do sth.记得去做doing sth.记得曾经做7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to so

25、lving,madeB.C.to solve,making D.to solve,madeC.8.-What do you think of the school?D.-It is a very good _.E.school to study in F.B.school for children to studyG.C.studying school H.D.school to study9.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to B.C.managed to D.plannedC.10.We find

26、it impossible for the work _D.ahead of time.E.to finish B.finishing F.C.being finished D.to be finishedG.11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.H.-Why not _ there by boat for a I.change?J.to try to go B.try going K.C.to try going D.try to go 12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To

27、make B.MadeB.C.Making D.To have madeC.13.I would rather starve to death than _D.for food.E.beg B.begging C.begged D.to begF.14.The boy pretended _ when his motherG.entered.H.reading B.to read I.C.to be reading D.being read1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have

28、 studied B.to study B.C.to be studying D.to have been studying2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make B.C.not making D.dont make3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect B.C.to be expecting D.

29、expects4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen B.C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it B.C.what to do it with D.to do what

30、with it6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet

31、D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to wo

32、rk extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.tak

33、ing14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他

34、们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/immediatelyto have bee

35、n told about itto have been given1.He was overheard to say that he hoped John would resign.2.Peter was made to wait outside.3.He was heard to unlock the door and go out.4.The man was seen to shoot the woman on the street.5.The old lady was noticed to wipe her face with a handkerchief.1.I forgot to a

36、sk you to go to the bank.2.It is very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.3.I know how to make a mouse out of my handkerchief.4.Luckily,we dont have much more work to do.5.She was very pleased to have the opportunity to travel while she was young.6.She has been very su

37、ccessful in her work,and now her greatest wish is to get married and have a child.1.started pushing/to push2.promised to go3.advise you to eat4.began shouting/to shout5.avoid falling 6.forget to call7.felt like throwing8.let them stay1.a.to tell b.spending2.a.putting b.to check3.a.talking b.to make c.to drink4.a.to get b.thinking