高中英语语法--虚拟语气（16张PPT）.ppt

1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气（二）设类型if条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反过去时(be用were而不用was)过去将来时should/would do 或：could/might doI am not a bird.If I were a bird,I could fly.我不是一只鸟。如果我是一只鸟，我就会飞。与过去事实相反过去完成时had done过去将来完成时should/would/could/might have doneHe failed in the exam again.If he had studied hard,he would have p

2、assed the exam.他考不及格了，如果他努力的话，他就考试过关。与将来事实相反过去时或should do/were to do过去将来时should/would do或：could/might doIt will not rain tomorrow.If it rained,he would stay at home.明天不下雨。如果明天下雨的话，他就呆在家虚拟语气知识回顾观察哪句是错综时间的虚拟语气设类型if条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反过去时(be用were而不用was)过去将来时should/would do 或：could/might do与过去事实相反过

3、去完成时had done过去将来完成时should/would/could/might have done2.如果你当初听医生的话,现在你已经好了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)If you had listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.1.如果你当初听医生的话,你那时就已经好了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与过去事实相反)If you had listened to the doctor，you would have been all right now.我是错综时间观察哪句是错综时间的虚拟语气设类型if条件从句谓语动词

4、形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反过去时(be用were而不用was)过去将来时should/would do 或：could/might do与过去事实相反过去完成时had done过去将来完成时should/would/could/might have done2.如果我是你的话,我就不会错过昨晚那场电影。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反)If I were you，I wouldnt have missed the movie.1.如果我是你的话,我就去看电影。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)If I were you，I would go to see the mov

5、ie.我是错综时间1、错综时间虚拟语气-事实和假设的混合事实：I fully occupied.上周我本来会和她去北京的，但我太忙了。假设和事实混合：上周我没有和她去北京，我太忙了。I to Beijing with her last week.I to Beijing with her last week,but I fully occupied.didnt gowaswould have gonewas我是假设，是虚拟语气我是事实，是陈述语气一、虚拟条件句的几种特殊情况2、含蓄虚拟条件句=air，no one could live.1)If there were no air，no one

6、 could live.2)If it hadnt been for his help，I would have failed.没有空气，人就不能活。要不是有他的帮助，我就会失败了。=his help，I would have failed.含蓄条件句中没有明显的虚拟条件if 从句，而利用其他暗示存在虚拟条件。常见有介词或介词短语，如 without，but for，but that 等，都可以转化为if引导的条件句。WithoutBut for/that2、含蓄虚拟条件句=I didnt know that he was a cheat，_ I wouldnt have believed h

7、im.3)If I had known he was a cheat,I wouldnt have believed him.)我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。含蓄条件句中通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but，otherwise，or，or else等词。or else4)If I were not so busy,I would certainly go there with you.=Im really very busy，_ I would certainly go there with you.otherwise=_ I a bird，I could fly freely.

8、1)If I were a bird，I could fly freely.假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。Were2)If it should rain next week，we would put the sports meeting off.=_ it rain next week，we would put the sports meeting off.3、虚拟条件句中的倒装Should要是下周下雨的话，我们就推迟运动会。3)If we had known each other earlier，I would have helped you to set up the company.

9、=_ we known each other earlier，I would have helped you to set up the company.如果我们早就认识的话，我就帮助你开办公司了。Had当虚拟条件句的谓语中有were，had或should时，可以将从属连词if省略，同时将were，had或should放到主语之前，构成半倒装。二、其他从句中的虚拟语气1主语从句中的虚拟语气句型：It is+adj./n./V-ed+that 从句It is very strange that he should not come.很奇怪，他竟然没有来。It is a pity that we

10、should not meet last night.真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。在表示惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。形容词有：disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/curious/important/strange/proper/necessary/natural2主语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气1)My suggestion is that we(should)go there at once.我的建议是我们应该立即去那里。2)We foll

11、owed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词advice，desire，decision，idea，instruction，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，request，requirement，suggestion，wish等充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语从句时要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)动词原形。3方式状语从句中的虚拟语气1)They began to talk warmly a

12、s if they had known each other for long.他们开始热烈地谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久2)He coughed twice as if someone should come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。表示动作所发生的时间谓语动词的虚拟形式动作发生在主句动作之前had过去分词动作与主句动作同时发生一般过去时(be动词用were)动作发生在主句动作之后would/could/should/might动词原形*从句动作“认识”发生在主句动作“交谈”之前，用过去完成时*从句动作“来”发生在主句动作“咳嗽”之后，用过去将来时三、虚拟语气的其他用法1It is

13、high time that we had supper.我们该吃晚饭了。*句型：It is(high/about)time that.that从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用过去时或“should动词原形”，should不可省略。2If only I were a flying bird!如果我是一只飞鸟该多好啊！If only I had seen the film!如果我看过那部电影该多好啊！在if only引导的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气。表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望用一般过去时或“would/could动词原形”；表示与过去事实相反的愿望用过去完成时，常译为“要是就好了”。.句型转换1If

14、 I had studied science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.2The teacher required all work to be finished before school was over.The teacher required that all workbefore school was over.3If I hadnt run all

15、 the way to school yesterday，I would have been late for the talent show.I all the way to school yesterday，I would have been late for the talent show.4If he were an eagle，he could fly everywhere.，he could fly everywhere.Had I studiedbe finishedranotherwiseWere he an eagle5If it hadnt been for the tea

16、chers help，I wouldnt have made so much progress.the teachers help，I wouldnt have made so much progress.6If he had studied harder last term，he would have passed the exam.He would have passed the exam，but he hard last term.7If it should rain tomorrow，we would stay at home.tomorrow，we would stay at hom

17、e.8If I had known she was a liar，I wouldnt have believed her.I didnt know she was a liar，I wouldnt have believed her.9Its time that we studied harder.Its time that we harder.10He suggested that we go there by bike.we go there by bike.But fordidnt studyShould it rainor elseshould studyHis suggestion

18、is that.完成句子1要是当初你早点通知我，我就不会签那个合同了。，I wouldnt have signed the contract.2要是你昨天修了房子的话，房子现在就不会湿了。Had you repaired the house yesterday，now.3如果我是你，昨天就帮了那个人了。If I were you，I yesterday.4真可惜，你没看这部电影。It is a pity that you.5我们早该采取措施来制止污染了。Its time that to stop pollution.6要是我当时向她道歉就好了。If only I.7他们谈话的样子好像就是多年的老朋友似的。They talked as if.8重要的是这项任务不能失败。It is important that.If you had informed meit wouldnt be wetwould have helped the man thatshould have missed the filmwe took/should take measureshad apologized to herthey had been friends for years.this task(should)not fail