上海华东师范大学第一附属中学2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期中在线评估试题（Word版附解析）.docx

1、华东师大一附中 2021学年第二学期 高二年级期中在线教学质量评估英语试卷(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken onl

2、y once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Book. B.Mens suits. C.Bags D. Womens shoes2. A. The woman cant fill out the form at the moment.B.The woman cant t

3、ake a vacation next month.C. The woman should make a request first.D.The woman should have told him earlier.3. A. He is busy writing report. B.He has to drop in on a reporter.C.He is now attending a meeting. D.He will meet the man later in the morning.4. A. Go swimming. B. Climb mountains.C.Buy a ne

4、w jacket. D. Watch the weather forecast.5. A.The man didnt expect the woman to be a great writer.B.The woman has taken many pictures at the contest.C. The woman is an experienced photographer.D. The man is extremely fond of traveling.6. A.It started to rain when she was at the beach.B.The forecast c

5、alls for more rain tomorrow.C. Shed like the man to go to the beach with her.D.She wont go to the beach tomorrow if it rains.7. A. She disagrees with the man.B. She doesnt enjoy long speeches.C. She didnt known how long the speech would be.D.She doesnt have a strong opinion about the speaker.8. A. S

6、hell consider the mans invitation.B.She doesnt have time to work in a garden.C. She doesnt want to join the gardening club.D.She was never formally invited to join a chub.9. A. Shes enjoying the music. B.The music doesnt bother her.C. The music will keep her awake. D.She would prefer a different sty

7、le of music.10. A.Few readers agree with his ideas.B.Very few people have read his article.C.He doesnt expect the article to be published.D.The woman doesnt fully understand the article.Section B PassagesDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions

8、 on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the followin

9、g passage.11. A. Problems for actors. B. Embarrassed actors.C.Avoiding eating in films. D. Unexpected film scenes12. A. They may be asked to eat or drink with children or animals on stage.B. Children or animals may draw the attention of the audience.C. They find some children cannot say words clearl

10、y enough.D.Animals are sometimes not easy to deal with.13. A.He forgot who to serve. B.He said the wrong word.C He cut off a whole chicken leg. D.He slipped the tray onto the floor.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A.A European tradition. B.An art museum.C A coastal village

11、. D.An arts festival.15.A.Some money. B.Their own paintings.C.A visit to their homes. D.A chance to paint with them.16.A. There are paintings at home and sculptures in the square.B.Antoni Presti set up his own art gallery several years ago.C. Almost every family owns some paintings by famous artists

12、.D. The residents there raised money to build their domestic museum.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which on

13、e would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She was long dreaming of going to Africa.B. She didnt like working as a travel agent.C. She was tired of her lifestyle at that time.D. She didnt want to travel any more.18

14、. A. She taught local students the basics of the language.B. She trained local farmers to market their crops.C. She taught local children about culture.D. She trained local people to be nurses.19. A. She was used to living in a small house.B. She could hardly afford a flat in the city.C. She had som

15、e friends living in the country.D. She found life in the city too noisy and crowded.20. A. Dealing in African furniture.B. Raising funds to help African people.C. Working for a volunteer organization.D. Lecturing about her experience in Africa. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After readin

16、g the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Surprising Facts About At-Home DNA TestsIf you se

17、nd your DNA to two different companies to find out about your ancestry, you may end up with two different results. Thats _1_ theres no certification required for DNA-testing companies. They may get the basic idea correct that you are a little less than half northern European, for example, but when t

18、hey say youre 30 percent from here and 60 percent from there, its a statistical guess _2_(base) on their own database and method.Your results will be less precise if youre not a native. The more people from your ancestral region in a companys database are, the more accurate your results will be.You

19、can find out your risk of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimers from an at-home DNA test kit, but a laboratory authorized (授权) to do medical testing will give you _3_(conclusive) results.The results of your genetic testing could affect your ability to get insurance. _4_ federal law prohibits health

20、 insurers from denying coverage based on genetic test results, the law does not apply to life, disability, and long-term-care insurance.Law-enforcement agencies are increasingly using family tree DNA databases to solve crimes, _5_was done in the arrest of a former police officer accused of being the

21、 Golden State Killer. California detectives took the DNA results from various crime scenes, _6_(look) for partial matches on a public genealogy database, and eventually found their man.The market is also exploding with companies _7_ (claim) they can pinpoint the right product for your skin or your w

22、aistline, for instance based on a DNA test. But consider them entertainment _8_ real science, Greely says. A study found that diets based on genetic tests didnt help people lose weight.Still, DNA tests can answer questions youve had about _9_ and ones you didnt know to ask. For example, for an addit

23、ional cost, 23 and Me will include your results on more than 25 individual traits, _10_being a morning person.【110题答案】【答案】1. because 2. based 3. much more conclusive 4. Although#While#Though 5. as 6. looked 7. claiming 8. instead of#rather than 9. yourself 10. including【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述关于家庭DNA测试

24、的惊人事实。【1题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这是因为DNA检测公司不需要认证。设空处引导表语从句，根据上文，可知此处是表示原因，应用because引导，故填because。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可能对基本的想法是正确的例如，你不到一半是北欧人，但当他们说你有30%来自这里，60%来自那里时，这是基于他们自己的数据库和方法的统计猜测。设空处修饰名statistical guess作定语，短语“be based on”，译为“基于”,所以这里用过去分词作定语，故填based。【3题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：你可以通过一个家庭DNA检测试剂盒来发现自己患癌症和阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病

25、的风险，但一个被授权进行医学检测的实验室会给你更确切的结果。根据but可知前后为转折关系，可推断应用形容词比较级，强调更确切，故填much more conclusive。【4题详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然联邦法律禁止健康保险公司基于基因检测结果拒绝承保，但该法律不适用于人寿、残疾和长期护理保险。分析可知，设空处引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，故填Although/While/Though。【5题详解】考查定语从句。句意：执法机构越来越多地使用家谱DNA数据库来破案，就像逮捕一名被指控为“金州杀手”的前警官一样。设空处引导定语从句，指代前面的句子，在从句中做主语，意为“像一样”，应用as来引

26、导，故填as。【6题详解】考查时态。句意：加州警探从不同的犯罪现场提取了DNA结果，在一个公共家谱数据库中寻找部分匹配，最终找到了他们的凶手。分析可知，设空处为谓语动词，和took、found为并列谓语，应用一般过去时，故填looked。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：市场上还有很多公司声称，他们可以根据DNA测试找到适合你的产品比如适合你的皮肤或腰围。设空处为with的宾语补足语和宾语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填claiming。【8题详解】考查固定短语。句意：但格里利说，把它们当作娱乐，而不是真正的科学。根据句意可知，设空处应意为“代替，而不是”，可以用介词短语instead of

27、 或者rather than，故填instead of /rather than。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：尽管如此，DNA测试可以回答你对自己的疑问以及你不知道该问的问题。分析句意和语境，可知是关于自己的问题，应用反身代词，和主语保持一直，故填yourself。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：例如，在额外费用的情况下，23 and Me将包括你在25个以上个人特征上的结果，包括早起的人。根据语境可知，你可能是个早起的人，设空后是动名词，应用介词，意为“包括”，故填including。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper w

28、ord chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. behaviors B. boundary C. truth D. ashamed E. intentionally F. presenceG. acknowledges H. tough I. negatively J. judgmental K. objectivePeople hold different views on almost anything, mainly be

29、cause of the culture we are familiar with or the education we have received. We live in a/an _11_ world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided souls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by tellin

30、g you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel _12_ of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than focus on the negative aspect of a persons perform

31、ance or _13_. Youll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If Im painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a/an_14_ job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than have him point out what a careless pai

32、nter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments _15_ on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely

33、effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response _16_ the other persons comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is say

34、ing, but to listen without feeling, to be a/an _17_ observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性的)

35、criticizers: It is important to set strict _18_ with them. Remove yourself from their _19_ when necessary.In any case, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential _20_, and then let it go a

36、nd just be “OK”.【1120题答案】【答案】11. J 12. D 13. A 14. H 15. I 16. G 17. K 18. B 19. F 20. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。谈论了面对负面评论时，简短的一个词“OK”是最佳回应。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们生活在一个充满批判的世界里，人们总是能迅速指出别人的缺点和不完美之处，却似乎对自己的不足一无所知。形容词judgmental“爱妄下判断的，评头论足的”符合句意，作定语修饰后文名词world。故选J项。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你是那个强迫别人为自己感到羞愧的人，请你停止。形容词ashame

37、d“羞愧”符合句意，用作系动词feel的表语，be (feel) ashamed of是固定搭配。故选D项。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：做一个有意识的决定，而不是专注于一个人的表现或行为的消极方面。名词behaviors“行为”符合句意，和前文performance并列作介词of的宾语。故选A项。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一项艰难的工作。形容词tough“艰难的”符合句意，作定语修饰后文名词job。故选H项。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：当有人对你正在做的一项任务或你的性格问题发表负面评论时，你的自然反应是防御和攻击。根据下文“a natural response is to de

38、fend and attack”可知，此处应该是得到负面的评论。副词negatively“消极地，负面地”符合句意，修饰动词comments。故选I项。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：这个简短的一个词的回应是对他人评论的认可，而不是表示同意或觉得有必要就此进行辩论。主语This brief one-word response为第三人称单数，动词单数形式acknowledges“承认，认可”符合句意，作谓语。故选G项。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：对对方所说的保持情感上的依恋是很重要的，但要不带感情地倾听，要做一个客观的观察者。根据上文“to listen without feeling”可知，

39、此处填入形容词objective“客观的”符合句意，做定语修饰名词observer。故选K项。【18题详解】考查形名词。句意：对于长期爱批评的人：与他们划定严格的界限是很重要的。名词boundary“界限”符合句意，作动词set的宾语，构成固定搭配“set boundary(制定边界)”。故选B项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：必要时远离他们。名词presence“在场，存在”符合句意，作介词from的宾语，remove oneself from意为“离开”。故选F项。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：检查它是否有任何潜在的真相，然后让它去吧，就“OK”。名词truth“真相”符合句意，作介词fo

40、r的宾语。故选C项。. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a n

41、ew study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed (受到称赞的) “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to _21_ other peoples emotions. The same was not _22_ of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the my

42、stery, romance and science fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.Researchers _23_ a series of five experiments which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind

43、 in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a(n) _24_ of empathy. Overall, study participants scored better after reading literary fiction, versus the other three _25_.It was a(n) _26_ improvement, accord

44、ing to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “Its not like taking people from a C to an A ,” he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning its unlikely to have been due to _27_.Whats so _28_ about literary f

45、iction? Its usually more focused on character than on plot. There is usually no single “dominant narrator” who takes readers through the story. It _29_ that the readers should think about the characters and fill in the gaps. The author doesnt tell you what to think. Readers have to make_30_ about ch

46、aracters. And thats often what people are doing in the real-life conversations.“This is great study!” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, who was not involved in the new study. _31_, he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and

47、one key question is whether literary fiction really _32_ other types of fiction. So, its too early to tell people to _33_ their romance novel for Nobel literature, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.But it is _34_ that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improv

48、ing vocabulary. “Theres a common belief that reading literature is frivolous (可笑的), or not practical,” Mar said. “But theres a growing body of evidence that its important in _35_ that we need in our lives.”21. A. evaluateB. manageC. spellD. interpret22. A. trueB. informedC. criticalD. compulsory23.

49、A. put forwardB. went throughC. carried outD. compared to24. A. toolB. measureC. standardD. source25. A. samplesB. techniquesC. conditionsD. topics26. A. moderateB. invaluableC. significantD. worthless27. A. rateB. opportunityC. mistakeD. chance28. A. strangeB. intenseC. specialD. particular29. A. d

50、emandsB. revealsC. confessesD. favors30. A. implicationsB. inferencesC. innovationsD. imaginations31. A. BesidesB. NonethelessC. ThereforeD. Even32. A. outweighsB. challengesC. dominatesD. strikes33. A. cling toB. trade inC. invest inD. wear out34. A. expectedB. suspectedC. guaranteedD. agreed35. A.

51、 researchesB. moodsC. skillsD. innovations【2135题答案】【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究表明，喜欢读获奖文学作品的人更擅长读懂别人的内心。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：社会研究新学院的研究人员发现，当他们让志愿者阅读广受赞誉的“文学小说”作品时，似乎能暂时提高他们解读他人情绪的能力。A. evaluate评价；B. manage管理；

52、C. spell拼写；D. interpret解释，解读。由上文的“Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people”可知，句子表示“他们让志愿者阅读广受赞誉的“文学小说”作品时，似乎能暂时提高他们解读他人情绪的能力”，空格处是“解释，解读”。故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常占据畅销书排行榜的非小说类或“流行”小说、悬疑小说、爱情小说和科幻小说则不是这样。A. true真正的；B. informed见多识广的；C. critical评判的；D. compulsory强制的

53、。由上文的“literary fiction”和后文的“nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science fiction books”可知，读“文学小说”才能提高读者解读他人情绪的能力，其他的那些小说不行，也就是对于其他的小说情况就不是这样了，it is not true of意为“在.方面不是这样”，故选A。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员进行了一系列五项实验，参与者在参加一些标准测试之前，要么阅读文学小说，要么阅读通俗小说，要么阅读非小说类作品，要么什么都不读。A. put forward提出；

54、B. went through经历；C. carried out执行；D. compared to与相比。由后文的“a series of five experiments”可知，研究人员进行了一系列五项实验，空格处是carried out，故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该测试被认为是一种同理心的衡量。A. tool工具；B. measure衡量；C. standard标准；D. source来源。由上文的“People have to look at photos of actors eyes, and then guess what emotion is being exp

55、ressed in each”可知，该测试被认为是一种同理心的衡量，空格处是“衡量”。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，与其他三种情况相比，研究参与者阅读文学小说后得分更高。A. samples样品；B. techniques技巧；C. conditions情况；D. topics话题。由上文的“participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests”可知，测试时参与者在参加一些标准测

56、试之前，要么阅读文学小说，要么阅读通俗小说，要么阅读非小说类作品，要么什么都不读，因此此处表示“与其他三种情况相比，研究参与者在阅读文学小说后得分更高”，空格处是“情况”，故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据首席研究员David Comer Kidd说，这是一种适度的改善。A. moderate适度的；B. invaluable珍贵的；C. significant意义重大的；D. worthless无价值的。由后文的“Its not like taking people from a C to an A”可知，这个改变不是从C到A的改善，因此这是一种适度的的改善，故选A。【27题

57、详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，基德补充说，这种效果只在大约10分钟的阅读后就能看到，这是一个统计上强有力的发现，意味着它不太可能是由于偶然。A. rate速率；B. opportunity机会；C. mistake错误；D. chance偶然。由上文的“it was a statistically strong finding”可知，这是一个统计上强有力的发现，所以不太可能是由于偶然，故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：文学小说有什么特别之处？A. strange奇怪的；B. intense强烈的；C. special特别的；D. particular特定的。由后文的“Its

58、 usually more focused on character than on plot. There is usually no single “dominant narrator” who takes readers through the story”可知，此处是说“文学小说有什么特别之处”，空格处意为“特别的”。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它要求读者思考人物，填补空白。A. demands要求；B. reveals揭示；C. confesses坦白；D. favors喜欢。由后文的“the readers should think about the chara

59、cters and fill in the gaps”可知，这是对读者的要求，它要求读者思考人物，填补空白，故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者必须对人物进行推断。A. implications暗示；B. inferences推断；C. innovations创新；D. imaginations想象力。由上文的“The author doesnt tell you what to think”可知，作者没有告诉你该怎么想，读者必须对人物进行推断，故选B。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他补充说，这一领域的整体研究“仍处于起步阶段”，一个关键问题是，文学小说是否真的

60、比其他类型的小说更重要。A. Besides另外；B. Nonetheless然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Even甚至。由上文的“This is great study”和后文的“the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy”可知，前后是转折关系，因此空格处是“然而”，故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他补充说，这一领域的整体研究“仍处于起步阶段”，一个关键问题是，文学小说是否真的比其他类型的小说更重要。A. outweighs比重要；B. challenges挑战；C. dominat

61、es主导；D. strikes敲打。由上文的“whether literary fiction”和后文的“other types of fiction”可知，句子表示“文学小说是否真的比其他类型的小说更重要”，空格处是“比重要”。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以，现在就告诉人们把爱情小说换成诺贝尔文学奖还为时过早，至少如果目的是增进同理心的话。A. cling to坚持；B. trade in以（旧物）折价贴换同类新物；C. invest in投资；D. wear out穿破。由后文的“their romance novel for Nobel literature”可知，现

62、在告诉人们把爱情小说换成诺贝尔文学奖还为时过早。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但人们一致认为，这些发现表明，文学的重要性超越了娱乐或提高词汇量。A. expected期望；B. suspected怀疑；C. guaranteed保证；D. agreed同意。由后文的“the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary”可知，人们一致认为，这些发现表明，文学的重要性超越了娱乐或提高词汇量。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但越来越多的证据表明

63、，这对我们生活中需要的技能很重要。A. researches研究；B. moods情绪；C. skills技巧；D. innovations创新。根据第一段的“Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people”可知，一项新的研究表明，阅读获奖文学作品可能会提高你解读他人的能力，解读他人是我们生活中需要的技能，因此句子表示“越来越多的证据表明，这对我们生活中需要的技能很重要”，空格处是“技能”。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three

64、passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year

65、and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been rep

66、orted in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the peop

67、le who get hurt easily, including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down

68、and everyone is in even bigger danger.Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued

69、 for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen stat

70、es allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limi

71、ted medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.36. The first two paragraphs suggest that _.A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous tren

72、dB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD. information about measles spreads quickly37. Herd immunity works well when _.A. exemptions are allowedB. several vaccines are used togetherC. the whole neighborhood is involved inD. new regula

73、tions are added to the state laws38. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A. The overuse of vaccine.B. The lack of medical care.C. The features of measles itself.D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.39. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To d

74、iscuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.【3639题答案】【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，并解释了为什么会发生这样的情况。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dan

75、gerous trend.麻疹患者的数量虽然小，但是他们却是一种危险趋势的前沿，故选A。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.可知只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，故选C。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可

76、知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选D。【39题详解】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。【点睛】作者态度及写作意图推断每一篇文章都会包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现。此类题可细分为作者态度题(表明作者的好恶)和作者观点题(表明作者对某事物的看法)。准确把握作者的情感和态度，需要注意以下几点：1.作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。2.漠不关心类词语

77、往往不对,既然写文章就不会不关心。3.不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。4.当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断。5.作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联。 6.绝对化或语气过于强烈的选项常常是错误的,如:strong, complete, entire等。比如小题4考查文章的写作目的，本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，故选C。(B)WE FOUND A FIX1. Get Free SupportJust want someone to

78、 talk to? At , you can connect with a trained “active listener” for free, completely confidential advice. Choose a listener based on location and life experience, or let the site assign someone to you for an instant conversation.2. Clip Virtual CouponsLook for coupon codes on retailer and cash-back

79、websites. Just google the brand name and “promo code” to find the latest offerings. And who says that when you snooze (打盹), you lose? Sometimes leaving items in your shopping cart can add up to savings. You might get a pop-up with a coupon code to tempt you to purchase whats there or an e-mail in yo

80、ur inbox with a discount offer.3. Cut Your Tax BillDoes anyone want to hear about taxes? Maybe not. But in this unusual year (the first time in history that the federal tax deadline has been extended to July 15), it pays to stay on top of things. The irs.gov website is surprisingly easy to navigate,

81、 and theres a link on the home page to the IRSs coronavirus tax-relief programs.4. Remove Stubborn Food StainsGot unattractive coffee and tea stains on a pot, or mug? Pick up some denture (假牙) cleaner. Dissolve one tablet per two cups of hot water, pour it into the stained vessel, and let it sit for

82、 several hours. Then use a scrub brush to clean off the stains and any loosened bits. Pour the solution out and rinse thoroughly.5. Save Texting TimeOne lesser-known secret to typing on your phone: Double-tap the space bar on the keyboard when you finish a sentence. Doing so adds a period and a spac

83、eand automatically capitalizes the next letter you type to start your next sentence.6. Preserve Your FragrancesIf you wish the scent of your eau de toilette or cologne lasted longer, store it in the fridge. “Growing up, Id always see my grandmothers in the fridge, and she told me it kept the fragran

84、ce longer and felt refreshing on the skin,” says TV style expert Hilary Kennedy. “I love keeping mine cool, especially during the summer and fall months.” Take note: Very cold temperatures can upset the balance of some delicate perfumes.40. Michael, who values efficiency most, can _.A. turn to a tra

85、ined listener at for free adviceB. look for coupon codes online to find the latest offeringsC. apply for tax-cut on the governments website this yearD. double-tap the space bar on the phone when texting41. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. If perfume is preserved

86、in the fridge at very cold temperature, its fragrance will last longer.B. Brushing the stain soon after applying the denture cleaner can remove the stubborn one.C. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the government has prolonged the tax deadline and cut taxes.D. Leaving items in shopping carts helps yo

87、u save as you can re-consider if they are worth buying.42. The purpose of this passage is to _.A. teach people how to deal with emergencyB. arouse peoples interest in fixing problemsC. offer tricks to help improve peoples lifeD. inform people of the latest scientific findings【4042题答案】【答案】40. D 41. C

88、 42. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。讲述了六个改善人们生活的小技巧。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据5. Save Texting Time部分的“One lesser-known secret to typing on your phone: Double-tap the space bar on the keyboard when you finish a sentence. Doing so adds a period and a spaceand automatically capitalizes the next letter you type to start your nex

89、t sentence.( 在手机上打字的一个鲜为人知的秘密：当你完成一个句子时，双击键盘上的空格键。 这样做会增加一个句号和一个空格并自动大写您键入的下一个字母以开始下一个句子)”可知，迈克尔，看重效率，发短信时双击手机上的空格键可以提高效率。 故选D。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据3. Cut Your Tax Bill的“But in this unusual year (the first time in history that the federal tax deadline has been extended to July 15), it pays to stay on top

90、of things. The irs.gov website is surprisingly easy to navigate, and theres a link on the home page to the IRSs coronavirus tax-relief programs.（但在这不寻常的一年，这是历史上第一次将联邦税收期限延长到7月15日，对于最重要的事情上是值得的。irs.gov网站令人惊讶地容易浏览，并且在主页上有一个链接到irs的冠状病毒税收减免计划）可知，由于冠状病毒的流行，政府延长了税收期限，并削减了税收。故选C。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题WE FOUND

91、 A FIX和黑体小标题1. Get Free Support(得到免费帮助)；2. Clip Virtual Coupons(剪辑虚拟优惠券); 3. Cut Your Tax Bill(削减税收法令)；4. Remove Stubborn Food Stains(去除顽固的食物污渍)；5. Save Texting Time(节省短信时间)；6. Preserve Your Fragrances(保存香水)可知，文章讲述改善人们生活的一些技巧。故选C。(C)Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear and anger, gu

92、ilt emerges a little later, in line with a childs growing grasp of social and moral standards. Children arent born knowing how to say “Im sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friendsand their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called

93、 moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. It is deeply uncomfortableits the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket stuffed with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a r

94、ethinking about what role guilt can serve”, says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binary-feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, f

95、or example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our own goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative speci

96、es together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy

97、 may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their disgusting behaviors. And vice versa: high sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti look

98、ed at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the childrens self-observations, she rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral wrongdoings. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous c

99、hild. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. The ones more likely to feel guilty tended to share more, even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other children.“Thats good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial

100、because we caused harm and we feel regret.”43. The underlined word “appease” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “_”.A. contentB. disappointC. amuseD. distract44. The writer mentions the comparison of guilt to “a jacket stuffed with stones” to show peoples _.A. general impression of guil

101、t being overestimatedB. incorrect idea about the nature and function of guiltC. out-of date belief of guilt being their primary burdenD. long-held prejudice against those who often feel guilty45. What can be inferred from the chocolate coin experiment?A. Its necessary to ensure kids feel guilty abou

102、t their wrongdoings.B. Regretful kids need to be given a chance to correct their behaviors.C. Feeling guilty has the power to make kids become more sympatheticD. The highest guilt could possibly be found in kids with the lowest sympathy.46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.

103、 Guilt vs SympathyB. Good News for Guilty PeopleC. Dont feel Guilty About Your GuiltD. What Lies Underneath Your Guilt【4346题答案】【答案】43. A 44. B 45. D 46. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员认为适当的所谓道德内疚是一件好事，而大众认为的内疚是一件坏事的想法已经过时了。内疚，通过促使我们更深入地思考自己的善良，可以鼓励人类弥补错误，修复关系。文章还介绍了一项关于孩子内疚的研究过程以及发现。【43题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上

104、文“Children arent born knowing how to say “Im sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friendsand their own consciences. (孩子们不是生来就知道如何说“对不起”；相反，随着时间的推移，他们了解到这样的言论appease父母、朋友和他们自己的良心)”可得出，随着时间的推移，他们了解到“对不起”这样的说法会让父母和朋友，以及他们自己的良心满意。故画线词意思是“使满意”。A. content使满意；B. dis

105、appoint使失望；C. amuse娱乐；D. distract分心。故选A。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. It is deeply uncomfortableits the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket stuffed with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated.(当然，在大众的想象中，内疚仍然是一个坏名声。这让人非常不舒服就像穿着

106、一件塞满石头的夹克衫。然而，这种理解已经过时了)”可推知，作者将内疚比喻为“塞满石头的夹克衫”，是为了表明了人们对内疚的性质和作用的错误认识。故选B。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their disgusting behaviors. And vice versa: high sympathy can substitute for low guilt.(一些缺乏

107、同情心的孩子可能会通过经历更多的内疚来弥补这一不足，而内疚可以控制他们令人厌恶的行为。反之亦然：高度的同情可以代替较低的负罪感)”可推知，从巧克力硬币实验可以推断出最高的罪恶感可能出现在同情心最低的孩子身上。故选D。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.(这就是为什么研究人员通常认为适当的所谓道德内疚是一件好事)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员认为适当的所谓道德内疚是一件好事，而大众认为的内

108、疚是一件坏事的想法已经过时了。内疚，通过促使我们更深入地思考自己的善良，可以鼓励人类弥补错误，修复关系。文章还介绍了一项关于孩子内疚的研究过程以及发现。可知，C选项“不要对你的内疚感到内疚”最符合文章标题。故选C。Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Directions: Comp

109、lete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Climate change is changing the flavor of French wineRecords going back 700 years show that Burgundys wine grapes have been feeling the heat of the

110、past three decades.The summer of 1540 was burning hot in the vine-covered hills of Burgundy, Franceso hot as to be “almost unbearable,” according to one written account from the time. _47_ In the Alps, glaciers melted, their snouts retreating up steep-sided valleys. Fires burned from France to Polan

111、d. And in the wine country of central France, the grapes withered to raisins (葡萄干) on the vine, so sugary the wine made from them was syrupy and extra-alcoholic._48_ the look of the vines before they bud; the look of the vines as they mature over long seasons; and the fat, sugary, fragrant curve of

112、the grapes when theyre ready to be made into wine. Normally, winemakers harvested grapes at the very end of September or early October. But that year, they had to rush to get overripe grapes off the vine weeks earlier than usual.Now, a nearly 700-year-long record of harvest shows that early harvest

113、dates like the one from 1540 are now par for the course, thanks to climate change. _49_ “We can clearly see the reaction of the grapes to the rise in temperature,” says Thomas Labb, an historian at the University of Burgundy. “We can predict, using modeling, the harvest will occur around about the 1

114、5th of August, in the core of summer.”_50_ Already, as temperatures worldwide have warmed, the alcohol content of wines has bumped up from about 12 percent in the 1970s to about 14 percent today, though that number varies from region to region. Part of that, though, is winemaker preference, part of

115、it is because grapes are maturing faster in the heat. The more sugar they accumulate, the more of it is converted to alcohol during the winemaking process.A. Though the kind of heat hasnt settled into Burgundy yet, its probably coming.B. Winemakers have kept careful track of the harvest dates for ce

116、nturies.C. That will almost certainly affect the way wines taste and feel, and how strong they are.D. In fact, it was hot all across Europe that year.E. The subtle feel resulting from more alcoholic wine is not favored.F. Winemakers know the growth stages intimately.【4750题答案】【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50

117、. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，气候变化正在改变法国葡萄酒的风味。由于气温升高，葡萄成熟较早，糖份会更高。更多的糖份在酿造时被转换成酒精，葡萄酒的酒精含量上升。【47题详解】此题是词汇复现线索。空前句中 burning hot和so hot as to be “almost unbearable”都是说明“这个夏天法国酷热难耐”。选项D意为：事实上，那年整个欧洲都很热，“hot”与空前句中的词汇重复；空后句中In the Alps, glaciers melted和Fires burned from France to Poland是举例说明欧洲其他地区“很炎热”。因此选项D是对上下文承上

118、启下。故选D项。【48题详解】此空位于段首。空后“the look of ; the look of .; and thecurve of the grapes when theyre ready to be made into wine”是描述葡萄生长过程中不同阶段的样子；选项F意为：酿酒师非常熟悉葡萄酒生长的各个阶段。选线F是本段的总起句，空后内容是细节句。故选F项。【49题详解】根据空后一句“We can clearly see the reaction of the grapes to the rise in temperature”可知，葡萄对气温的升高已经有了反应。选项A意为：虽然

119、这种热还没有进入Burgundy，但它可能就要来了。选项A中的“the kind of heat”和前一句中“the rise in temperature”都是“指温度升高”，句意顺承。故选A项。【50题详解】此空位于段首。根据空后一句提到高温对葡萄酒带来的影响，“the alcohol content of wines has bumped up（葡萄酒的酒精含量上升）”；选项C意为：这几乎肯定会影响葡萄酒的味道、口感以及烈度，是本段的主题句。故选C项。IV. Summary Writing51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summar

120、ize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.FriendshipTo help us understand what friendship really means, we need to review some classical views of friendship. According to Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship:Fri

121、endship based on utility. Utility is an impermanent thing: it changes according to circumstances. When the ground for friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly, because at their age what they want is not pleasure

122、but utility Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage. Such persons do not spend much time together, because sometimes they do not even like one another, and therefore feel no need of such an association unless the

123、y are mutually useful. They take pleasure in each others company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.Friendship based on pleasure. Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure, because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their chief in

124、terests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment. As they grow up, however, their tastes change too, so that they are quick to make and to break friendships. That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly, changing their attitude often, even within the same day.Friendship

125、based on goodness. Perfect friendship is based on goodness. Only the friendship of those who are good, and similar in their goodness, is perfect. The conduct of good men is the same or similar. It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form. Such frien

126、dships are rare and they need time and intimacy; for as the saying goes, true friends must go through trials and tribulations (患难) together. And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other that he is worthy of love. and so won his trust. The wish for fr

127、iendship may develop rapidly, but true friendship does not.【51题答案】【答案】There are three kinds of friendship. Friendship based on utility occurs between the elderly, who find each other useful in pursuing their own advantage. Friendship based on pleasure happens between the young, who fall in and out o

128、f friendship quickly. Friendship based on goodness is perfect friendship, which is rare and needs time and intimacy.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是友谊的三种类型和各自的特征。【详解】1.要点摘录 According to Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship.Friendship based on utility. Friendships of this kind seem to occur most f

129、requently between the elderly, because at their age what they want is not pleasure but utility Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage.Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure. That is w

130、hy they fall in and out of friendship quickly, changing their attitude often, even within the same day.Perfect friendship is based on goodness. Such friendships are rare and they need time and intimacy.2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 There are three kinds of friendship. Friendship based on

131、 utility occurs between the elderly, who finds each other useful in pursuing their own advantage. Friendship based on pleasure happens between the young, who fall in and out of friendship quickly. Friendship based on goodness is perfect friendship, which is rare and needs time and intimacy.【点睛】高分句型1

132、 Friendship based on utility occurs between the elderly, who find each other useful in pursuing their own advantage.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中who引导的定语从句等表达高级。 高分句型2 Friendship based on goodness is perfect friendship, which is rare and needs time and intimacy.用which引导的非限制性定语从句对第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 V. Tra

133、nslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 这项前沿技术被视为通讯产业的重大突破。（perceive）（汉译英）【52题答案】【答案】The cutting-edge technology is perceived as a major breakthrough for the communications industry.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“这项前沿技术”可知，应用the cutting-edg

134、e technology，作主语；表示“被视为”短语为be perceived as；表示“通讯产业的重大突破”短语为a major breakthrough for the communications industry。句子用一般现在时。故翻译为The cutting-edge technology is perceived as a major breakthrough for the communications industry.53. 这座城市爆发新冠病毒，在这里口罩必需品。（strike）（汉译英）【53题答案】【答案】COVID-19 has struck the city ,

135、 where masks are necessities.【解析】【详解】考查句子结构。这是一个复合句，根据汉语句意可知，需用现在完成时来表示过去动作对现在造成影响，主句为“这座城市爆发新冠病毒”，使用所给单词“strike侵袭”，表述为“COVID-19 has struck the city”；“在这里口罩是必需品”是一个定语从句，修饰“这座城市”，表述为where引导的非限制性定语从句“where masks are necessities”。故整句可译为COVID-19 has struck the city , where masks are necessities。54. 事实证明

136、，在考试中你越仔细，就越不可能犯错。（likely）（汉译英）【54题答案】【答案】It turns out that the more careful you are on a test, the less likely you are to make a mistake.【解析】【详解】考查主语从句、时态、比较级和形容词。表示事实用一般现在时，“事实证明”可以表示为It turns out that ，it 是形式主语，that引导主语从句，“越仔细，就越不可能”用the more.the less likely表示，“在考试中”用on a test表示，“犯错”是固定短语用make a

137、mistake，故翻译为It turns out that the more careful you are on a test, the less likely you are to make a mistake.55. 只有当你照顾好自己，确保睡眠充足，饮食均衡，你就不会觉得有这么多的压力。（Only）（汉译英）【55题答案】【答案】Only when you take care of yourself, make sure you get enough sleep and have a balanced diet, will you feel less stressed out.【解析】

138、【详解】考查倒装句，时间状语从句和时态。分析可知，“只有当你照顾好自己，确保睡眠充足，饮食均衡”可处理为when引导的时间状语从句，“照顾好自己”译为“take care of yourself”，“确保睡眠充足”译为“make sure you get enough sleep”，“饮食均衡”译为“have a balanced diet”；主句“你就不会觉得有那么多压力”译为“you will feel less stressed out”，only放在句首用部分倒装，故翻译为Only when you take care of yourself, make sure you get en

139、ough sleep and have a balanced diet, will you feel less stressed out.VI. Guided Writing56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校即将接待来自英国的一批高中生，需要在校内招募寄宿家庭，在接待这些学生的同时，向他们介绍中国文化。你对此很感兴趣，写一封邮件给学校外事接待处，表达你的意愿，内容

140、需包括：1）在和父母协商后，你愿意作为寄宿家庭；2）你对哪一方面的中国文化特别感兴趣，计划通过何种方式向寄宿在你家的外国学生介绍。_【56题答案】【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,Hearing that our school will welcome some English students to stay with us, and that you are recruiting host families, I am writing to show my interest after a negotiation with my parents.First, my parents

141、 and I can speak fluent English, which will enable us to communicate with the foreign students. Secondly, our house is big enough for him or her to stay. Furthermore, I live near the Huangpu River. It has a good view of Shanghai. Last but not least, in my home, he or she will experience much Chinese

142、 culture. My grandpa and grandma have a good command of handwriting which is also my hobby. My grandparents can teach the student handwriting and then he or she can learn more about Chinese culture. I think our hospitality will bring him or her an interesting and cozy experience in China. Thank you

143、for your reading during your busy work. I hope that you will consider my application. Yours sincerely, Li Ming【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学校外事接待处写封申请信，申请充当外国留学生的寄宿家庭。【详解】词汇积累听说：learnhear体验：enjoyexperience擅长：be good athave a good command of舒适的：comfortablecozy2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Furthermore, I live near the Hu

144、angpu River. It has a good view of Shanghai.拓展句：Furthermore, I live near the Huangpu River, which has a good view of Shanghai.【点睛】高分句型1 Hearing that our school will welcome some English students to stay with us, and that you are recruiting host families, I am writing to show my interest after a negotiation with my parents. (运用了现在分词作状语)高分句型2 I hope that you will consider my application. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)