2022届高考英语语法精讲精练 微专题 动词不定式（含解析）.docx

1、2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（动词不定式）考点清单一、不定式作主语 要点精讲：1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. It took years of work _(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the wat

2、er.2. Its important for the figures _(update) regularly.3. When and where to start the programs _(remain) unknown. 【答案与解析】1. to reduce。It takes sb. time to do sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是to reduce。2. to be updated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是to be updated。3. remains。wh-to do短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。考点清单二、不定式作

3、宾语 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记-mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的-manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。4. They failed _(grasp) the importance of his words.5. She never seemed _(care) what the rest of us thought about

4、her. 【答案与解析】4. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。5. to care。seem to do好像做某事。故答案是to care。要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记-frogshmt青蛙聪明-forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, cant help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6. If you think that treating a woman well means always _(get) her permi

5、ssion for things, think again.7. -Look! The window is open. -Im sorry. I forgot _ (close) it.8. I remembered _(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 9. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _(live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back h

6、ome. 【答案与解析】6. getting。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。7. to close。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是to close。8. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。9. living。try doing强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记-注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉-notice, let, make,

7、 hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。10. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day.【答案与解析】10. to deal。本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是to deal。要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persu

8、ade, expect等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11. Passengers are permitted _(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.12. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 【答案与解析】11. to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。12. to make。allow sb to do sth

9、允许某人做某事，故答案是to make。要点精讲3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。13. With a lot of difficult problems _(solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.14. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _(follow) in a year.【答案与解析】13. to solve。with sth

10、to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to solve。14. to follow。本句是省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。故答案是to follow。要点精讲4：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。15. Robert is said _(study) abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. 16. Police are

11、searching for a woman who is reported to _(miss) since the flood hit the area.【答案与解析】15. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是to have studied。16. have been missing。since the flood hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是have been missing。考点清单四、不定式作定语 要点精讲1：

12、不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。17. The meeting_(hold)now/_(hold)yesterday/_(hold)tomorrow is very important.18. The airport _(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.19. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying tha

13、t he was not the one (blame).【答案与解析】17. being; held; to be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be held。18. to be completed。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是to be completed。19. to blame。(be) to blame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是to blame。考点清单五、不定式作状语要点

14、精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。20. The local government has done everything it can _(save) the buried miners.21. _(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.22. When asked wh

15、y he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight.【答案与解析】20. to save。it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。21. To be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。22. to be trained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是to be trained。要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于tooto, enough to do, only to do, s

16、oas to, such as to等结构。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。23. He hurried to the station, only _(inform) that the train had left. 24. Would you be so kind as_ (carry) the luggage for me?25. Now Im brave enough _(stand) up and answer the question.【答案与解析】23. to be informed。only to do常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是to be inf

17、ormed。24. to carry。soas to do引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是to carry。25. to stand。enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stand。要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。26. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _ (breathe). 27. Tom asked the candy makers if they coul

18、d make the chocolate easier _ (break) into small pieces.【答案与解析】26. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe。27. to break。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，故答案是to break。考点清单六、不定式作表语 要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。28. Having a trip abroad

19、is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _(see) whether they will enjoy it.29. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _(not, make) it more difficult.【答案与解析】28. to be seen。It remains to be seen whether.是固定句型，表示“是否有待观察”，故答案是to be seen。29. not to make。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式t

20、o不能省略，故答案是not to make。考点清单七、不定式的省略 要点精讲1：感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）；【即时训练】单句改错或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。30. The librarian will let you to know when the book has returned. 改错31. He was observed _(enter) the office silently.【答案与解析】30. 去掉to。let sb do sth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。31. to enter。感官动词接不定式作宾补时省略to，被动语态

21、中to应加上，故答案是to enter。要点精讲2：下列句型常省略to：may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; cant help but do sth. Why not do sth? prefer to dorather than do sth, would rather dothan do等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。32. Rather than _(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers_(ride) a bicycle. 33.- I

22、usually go there by train.-Why not _(try, go) by boat for a change?34. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 改错【答案与解析】32. ride; to ride。prefer to do sth rather than do sth表示“宁愿做不愿做”，故答案是ride; to ride。33. try going。Why not do? 是固定句型；try doing强调“尝试着做”。故答案是try go

23、ing。34. 去掉to。do nothing but do是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉to。要点精讲3：在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。【即时训练】单句改错。35. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do. 36. As we all know, China is no longer the country it used to. 【答案与解析】35. 去掉do

24、。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。36. to后加be。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，不定式后面是动词be时，to be应保留。故答案是to后加be。考点清单八、不定式的否定式、完成式和被动式 （以动词find为例）内容主动语态被动语态否定式一般式to findto be foundnot to find完成式to have foundto have been foundnot to have found【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。37. The boy pretended _(read) t

25、he book when the teacher came in.38. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _(hear). 39. He got up early this morning so as _(miss)the early train.40. The engine just wont start. Something seems _(go) wrong with it. 【答案与解析】37. to be reading。pretend to be doing假装正在做某事。故答

26、案是to be reading。38. to be heard。struggle to do努力做某事。故答案是to be heard。39. not to miss。so as no to do sth为了不做某事。故答案是not to miss。40. to have gone。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是to have gone。好题再练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. (2021全国乙) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim _ (have) a

27、 low impact on the natural environment.2. (2020全国I) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.3. (2020全国II) Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy _ (care) for and make great p

28、resents.4. (2020全国III)The next morning he hired a boat and set out _ (find) the well-known painter.5. (2020浙江) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _ (change) lives.6. (2020天津改编)The local government doesnt have to sacrifice environmental protection _ (promote) ec

29、onomic growth.7. (2019江苏改编) _(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.8. (2019全国I) Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _ (perform) consistently over a large area.9. (2019全国

30、III) On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _ (get)there.10. (2019浙江) One study in America found that students grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didnt want _ (wear) the uniform.【答案】1. to have

31、 2. to find 3. to care 4. to find 5.to change 6.to promote 7. To enjoy 8. to perform 9. to get 10. to wear好题再练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11. (2018天津改编) I didnt mean _(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help_(try) it.12. (2017全国III) Sarah, who has taken part in shows, wants_(pr

32、ove) that she has brains as well as beauty.13. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.14. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _(keep) away.15. The latest information confirms my belief that he i

33、s_(blame) for the accident.16. They are talking about what they will bring to the party _(hold) this weekend. 17. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _(make)matters worse, it began to rain.18. _(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 19. With a large amount of

34、work remain _(do), the engineer couldnt spare time for a holiday.20. The novel is believed to _(translate) into ten foreign languages so far.11. to eat; trying 12. to prove 13. to thank 14. to keep 15. to have been told 16. to be held 17. to make 18. To complete 19. to be done 20. to have been trans

35、lated好题再练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21. Wed better not to miss the chance to enjoy the play. 22. It is considerate for him to inform me of the date for the meeting.23. There are five pairs to choose, but Im at a loss which to buy. 24. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and

36、 illness to make.25. Thats the only way we can imagine reduce the overuse of water in bathrooms. 26. There were many talented actors out there just waiting to discover. 27. I would love to go to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report28. Do let your mother know all the

37、truth. She appears to have told everything. 29. She left her hometown with her beloved man, never return.30. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work fill my mind, I almost break down. 21. 去掉第一个to 22. for改为of 23. choose后加from 24. make改为be made 25. reduce前加to 26. discover改为be discovered 27. go改为have gone 28. have后加been 29. return前加to 30. fill改为filling