2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 UNIT 5 LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER 单元检测(含解析)新人教版选择性必修第四册.doc
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1、单元综合检测(五).阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)ALooking for work?Tutors Wanted:Maths/Science/Humanities Test Preparation Job Posted:2 days agoWage:$2730 per hourJob Type:ParttimeSchedule:Afternoons,evenings,weekdays,weekends Job description:Were looking for tutors to join us before the next school year starts
2、.Our suitable candidate will be able to assist middle and high school students with test preparation and academic work in Maths,Science and/or Humanities.Well pay for your training before this fall and can also offer flexible summer tutoring chances,including teaching group classes.Once our fall sem
3、ester starts on August 21,well have even higher demands for tutoring sessions on Sundays from 1 pm to 8 pm as well as from 3 pm to 9 pm MondayThursday.What we offer:Flexible scheduling.Tutors work from 15 to 30 hours per week depending on availability and students demands.Free Sunday dinners during
4、the academic year.Fun staff gatherings.Health insurance reimbursement (补偿) for staff working over 30 hours per week.We are 5 minutes walking distance from the Menlo Park Caltrain Station.Applicants must:Have a good command of the subjects they tutor.Be willing to tutor students through the full acad
5、emic year.Application instructions:Email us your resume.Tell us why you want to join Academic Trainers and describe your experience of tutoring students if you have any.Let us know your scheduling preferences and potential start date.Tell us which of the subjects you are able to tutorMaths,Science a
6、nd/or Humanities.【语篇解读】本文是一则招聘启事,属于应用文。1Which period of time needs the most tutors during the academic year?ASaturday and Sunday mornings.BFriday afternoons and evenings.CMonday and Thursday mornings.DSunday afternoons and evenings.D细节理解题。根据Job description 这一主题下面的第四段可知,最需要家教的时间是周日下午和晚上。故选D。2What can
7、 a tutor enjoy who works more than 30 hours per week?AComfortable accommodation.BFree job training every month.CHealth insurance reimbursement.DFree meals during the academic year.C细节理解题。根据题干中的“more than 30 hours per week”可知,答案位于文章中 What we offer 这一主题下,由“Health insurance reimbursement.”可知,每周工作超过 30
8、个小时的家庭教师可享受到健康保险补偿,故选C。3What qualification should a suitable candidate have?AHe/She must tutor all the subjects parttime.BHe/She must be good at the subjects they tutor.CHe/She must have a previous tutoring experience.DHe/She must work every evening through the academic year.B细节理解题。根据文章中 Applicants
9、must 这一主题下的“Have a good command of the subjects they tutor.”可知,申请者必须精通所教授的科目,故选B。BWildfires were rapidly spreading through northern and southern California as powerful winds swept through the state,burning homes and forcing more than 200,000 people to leave their homes.Thousands of structures were d
10、estroyed in the massive fires.Firefighters and volunteers worked around the clock,risking their lives to save others,although thick clouds of wildfire smoke hung in the air.But its not just humans in dangers path.A video of a horse running away from the rescue team to find his family of horses from
11、CBS Los Angeles went viralThe public was touched by the horses heroic act and shared their thoughts on the Internet.Volunteers were rescuing several horses from the wildfire when one of the horses jumped away from the group.They were trying to help the horse,but he refused.They probably had no idea
12、what was wrong with the horse,who just started running away from them.The horse raced back into danger to lead his family to safety,despite rescuers best efforts to stop him.He knew he couldnt leave them behind.As the tension increased,several human strangers jumped in to help the animalsthey went b
13、ack to the burning barn where some of the horses remained.You can watch the horse run back into the smokefilled area,reconnect with the horses inside the fence,and quickly accompany them out of the fencedoff area.Though its not clear from the video,CBS Los Angeles reported that all but one of the ho
14、rses involved were saved.Disastrous as the California wildfires have been,the video and countless other rescue storieshumans and animals alikeare shining light on all acts of goodness taking place.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发生在加州的一次严重的火灾,消防队员和志愿者冒着生命危险救人。但同时一匹马逃离救援队,寻找并救助自己的家人的故事同样使人感动。作者告诉我们,一切善行都值得称赞。4Wha
15、t does the author intend to show by telling the wildfires in detail in Para.1?AWhat caused the big wildfires.BHow serious the wildfires were.CWhat rescuers did in the wildfires.DHow rapidly the wildfires spread.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“.burning homes and forcing more than 200,000 people to leave their homes.T
16、housands of structures were destroyed in the massive fires.(烧毁了房屋,迫使20多万人离开家园。成千上万的建筑物在大火中被毁。)”可推测,作者说到这些结果的目的是说明野火有多严重。故选B。5What does the underlined phrase “went viral” mean?ATurned bad.BGot attacked.CBecame interesting.DGrew popular.D词义猜测题。根据第二段的“A video of a horse running away from the rescue tea
17、m to find his family of horses from CBS Los Angeles went viral.The public was touched by the horses heroic act and shared their thoughts on the Internet.”可知,来自哥伦比亚广播公司洛杉矶分部的有关一匹马逃离救援队,寻找自己的“家人”的一段视频传开了。人们被马的英勇行为感动了,并在网上分享了他们的想法。根据上下文语境,尤其是touched和shared可推测画线部分意为“传开了”。故选D。6Which words can best descri
18、be the horse?ALoyal but stubborn.BCaring and courageous.CResponsible and clever.DFlexible but aggressive.B推理判断题。根据第三段的“The horse raced back into danger to lead his family to safety,despite rescuers best efforts to stop him.He knew he couldnt leave them behind.(不顾救援人员的全力阻止,这匹马跑回危险中,把他的家人带到安全的地方。他知道他不
19、能丢下他们。)”可推测,这匹马勇敢且关心家人。故选B。7What message does the author want to convey?AFighting disasters needs joint efforts.BAnimals are always friends of man.CAll good deeds deserve to be praised.DAnimals show goodness to each other.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “.the video and countless other rescue storieshumans and animal
20、s alikeare shining light on all acts of goodness taking place.(这段视频和无数其他救援故事人类和动物都一样都让我们看到了所有正在发生的善举。)”可推测,作者告诉我们无论是人类还是动物,一切善行都值得称赞。故选C。CWe spend a third of our adult lives working and another big part preparing for our careers.Historically,work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose.Du
21、ring the vast majority of our 300,000year human evolution(进化),work was in fact pretty simple.We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else,like spirituality,art,religion,or science.The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful is
22、a rather modern,if not postmodern,invention.Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see a worker who returned from a typical workday at a factory complain to their folks that they didnt earn much or they were worn out and rare to see that they complained they didnt experience a sen
23、se of purpose.Similarly,the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice.Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago.His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they i
24、dentify with their work role.Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day,without bringing their “whole self” to work.Work is just not a core aspect of their identity,and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother,husband,American,Christian,captain of
25、 the local soccer team,etc.Others,however,have very low psychological distance with their work role,seeing it as essentially intertwined(交融的) with who they are.They dont just come to work;they are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs.They are,it seem
26、s,almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章指出,成年后,我们有三分之一的时间在工作,还有很大一部分时间在为职业生涯做准备。文章还说明了不同的人对工作的看法是不同的。8Why did we spend much of our adult lives working?ATo prepare for future careers.BTo find the water sources.CTo help us evolve.DTo make
27、 us survive.D细节理解题。根据第一段中“We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.”可知,我们工作是为了吃饭和避免被吃掉。由此可知,我们成年后大部分时间都在工作是为了生存。故选D。9Why did the writer mention the worker a century ago?ATo help us find meaning at work.BTo prove that the idea was modern.CTo show us the bad old days.DTo complain about the experience.B推
28、理判断题。根据第二段中“The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful is a rather modern,if not postmodern,invention.”可知,我们注定要在工作中找到意义或找到有意义的工作,这种想法即使不是后现代的,也是相当现代的发明。接着在后文中作者提到了一位一个世纪前的工人,由此可推知,作者提到这位一个世纪前的工人,是为了证明这个想法是现代的。故选B。10Which of the following might William Kahn agree wi
29、th?AEmployees have different understandings about their work role.BEvery employee must bring their “whole self” to work.CTo be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.DWorkers core identity is built on art categories.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identi
30、fy with their work role.”可知,他的观点是,员工对自己工作角色的认同程度各不相同。由此可知,A选项“员工对自己的工作角色有不同的理解”属于William Kahn的观点。故选A。11What kind of employees do most companies favour?AThose who see work as a job.BThose who identify with their work role.CThose who are fully devoted to their work.DThose who possess experience.C细节理解题
31、。根据最后一段中“They are,it seems,almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics most companies long for.”可知,他们似乎几乎被工作控制住了,是大多数公司渴望的工作狂类型的人。由此可知,大多数公司喜欢全身心投入工作的员工。故选C。DWhat inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students effort or
32、achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve perfo
33、rmance at work and school.Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators.But the careful use of small mon
34、etary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging t
35、ask, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for
36、ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says.As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in
37、 which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。而教育工作者则认为适当的外部奖励刺激确实能激发创造力,但是如果给予表现不好的学生奖励则可能会扼杀创造力。12Psychologists are divided in t
38、heir attitudes toward Athe choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsBthe amount of monetary rewards for students creativityCthe relationship between actions and their consequencesDthe effects of external rewards on students performanceD细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Psychologists take opposing vie
39、ws of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.(心理学家对外部奖励如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点)”可知,心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。故选D。13Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?ATom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.BMary was pra
40、ised by the teacher for making progress in English.CJacky made great efforts to enter a major university.DJohn was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.C推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativit
41、y.(心理学家对外部奖励如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点)”可知,外部奖励包括表扬到现金。分析选项可知C选项“杰克努力进入一所重点大学。”并不属于“外部奖励”的例子。故选C。14Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?AAssigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.BAssigning them tasks which require creativity.CGiving them rewards
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