2020版高考英语总复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions高考题型分组训练新人教版选修8.doc

1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练重细节，练速度(限时：25分钟).阅读理解AA group called the National Center for Fathering launched a program for American men almost 20 years ago. The program is called Watch DO.G.S., which is_the_abbreviation_for Dads of Great Students. The program tries to get men to sp

2、end more time serving as volunteers at schools across the United States. Most of the men are fathers. But they can also be grandfathers, uncles and stepfathers.Adam Mehmud is a volunteer at his sons school through the program “Watch DO.G.S.”. The program was the idea of two men, both dads. They laun

3、ched Watch DO.G.S. after two boys, aged 13 and 11, shot and killed four people at an Arkansas school in 1998. Studies show that children generally do better in school when fathers are engaged in their daytoday activities.One study in 2013 found that a fathers engagement can help a child succeed in s

4、chool. It can also increase the childs chances of finishing high school, while reducing his or her risk of drug abuse. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported the findings.Mehmud has been a Watch DO.G.S. volunteer for three years. “These days，” he says, “technology can take over a

5、 childs life. It is harder for parents to find time to connect with their children. But the school day is free from video games and smartphones.” Adam Mehmud said he and other men see how interactions that may seem small can help children learn the right way to do things. “I see my sons do very thou

6、ghtful things, and hopefully part of the reason for that is because I try to do things for others, too，” Mehmud said.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了美国的一个项目Watch DO.G.S.，鼓励父亲在子女的学校做志愿者，并阐述了该项目带来的好处。1The underlined phrase “is the abbreviation for” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_”Astands for Bcares forCleaves

7、 for Dpays for解析词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“Dads of Great Students”可知，此处D.O.G.S.是Dads of Great Students的缩写形式。由此可推出is the abbreviation for的意思是“是的缩写”，故A项符合题意。答案A2Whats the aim of the program Watch DO.G.S.?ATo help men find jobs.BTo help teachers teach better.CTo get men to volunteer at school.DTo make money.解析细节理解

8、题。根据文章第一段第三句“The program tries to get men to spend more time serving as volunteers at schools across the United States.”可知，该项目设置的目的是让男士在学校做志愿者。故选C项。答案C3A fathers engagement has many benefits EXCEPT _.Ahelping children finish high schoolBpreparing children for their future careerCreducing childrens r

9、isk of drug abuseDhelping children learn the right way to do things解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“can help a child succeed in school”，“increase the childs chances of finishing high school”和“reducing his or her risk of drug abuse”以及第四段中的“can help children learn the right way to do things”可知，A、C、D三项均是该项目带来的好处。故选B项

10、。答案B4What can we infer from Mehmuds words?AThe program is not helpful at all.BParents are too busy to stay with their children.CParents are the most important part in school education.DChildren are likely to be addicted to electronic products at home.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段马哈茂德所说的话，特别是“But the school day i

11、s free from video games and smartphones.”可知，孩子们在家会沉溺于电子产品。故选D项。答案DB(2018北京卷)PlasticEating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场) , and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid

12、 of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene sho

13、pping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films

14、 had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, coauthor of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic. “Wax i

15、s a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carboncarbon bond, is there as well，” she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprisin

16、g that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocc

17、hini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”语篇解读：本文是一篇科技类说明文，介绍了西班牙和英国的研究者最近的一项关于蜡螟虫能够分解塑料中的聚乙烯的研究。5

18、What can we learn about the worms in the study?AThey take plastics as their everyday food.BThey are newly evolved creatures.CThey can consume plastics.DThey wind up in landfills.解析推理判断题。通过文章第二段的实验研究可知，这种虫子可以消耗分解塑料。故答案为C。答案C6According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to _.Aidentify

19、other means of the breakdownBfind out the source of the enzymeCconfirm the research findingsDincrease the breakdown speed解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，下一步Jennifer DeBruyn要找出这种虫子分解塑料的原因所在，即这种分解酶是由这种虫子分泌的，还是由它肠道里的微生物产生的。答案B7It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might _.Ahelp to raise worm

20、s Bhelp make plastic bagsCbe used to clean the oceans Dbe produced in factories in future解析推理判断题。从最后一段最后一句中的in some kind of industrial process可推断出，此处是说在某种工业过程中使用这种化学物质。答案D8What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo explain a study method on worms.BTo introduce the diet of a special worm.CTo present

21、 a way to break down plastics.DTo propose new means to keep ecobalance.解析推理判断题。根据文章内容进行推理判断，可知本文的写作目的就是为了介绍一项研究发现蜡螟虫可以分解塑料。故答案为C。答案C.七选五阅读填空Four Reasons to Look for a Summer JobYou may have heard all kinds of negative stuff(东西) again and again about this summers job market. _1_ But they are out ther

22、e. So go for it. If you dont land the job you want, youll still gain something from the process.Develop your interview skills. The more jobs you apply for, the better youll get at interviewing. _2_ It helps with everything from getting into college to landing a fulltime job when the time comes.Get b

23、etter at dealing with rejection. _3_ Rejection is a fact of life, and theres no denying(否认) that it can be hard to handle. The good news is that the more we face rejection and learn to deal with the feelings that go with it, the easier it becomes to get past the hurt and bounce back._4_ Did you take

24、 a job that wasnt your first choice? You might discover a new skill or interest you never knew you had. Get offered the perfect job? Feel your selfesteem soar(急升)! And if nothing works out? You may decide to start your own business.Push the limits of your comfort zone. Yes, its a lot easier to sit h

25、ome doing the same stuff you always do. But going out jobhunting can push you out of that comfort zone into a whole new experience. _5_AFace less competition.BLearn something about yourself.CAnd you never know what you may find.DYou have nothing to lose and lots to gain.EIts unlikely to get the firs

26、t job you interview for.FIt is true that jobs for teenagers can be tough to find.GLearning how to come across well in an interview is a skill youll use forever.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者列举了建议青少年暑期作兼职的四个理由。1解析根据空前的“all kinds of negative stuff(东西)”及空后的“But they are out there.”可知，前后句之间存在转折关系，故F项符合语境。答案F2解析根据本段的主

27、题句“Develop your interview skills.”以及G项中的“an interview”“a skill”与“interview skills”的对应关系可知G项符合语境。答案G3解析根据该段主题句“Get better at dealing with rejection.”以及空后内容得知，E项“第一次面试就得到工作不大可能”符合语境。答案E4解析其余三个主题句均是祈使句，故本空也应填一个祈使句，只有A项和B项符合这个要求。再根据该段中的问句和答句可知，此处讲的是工作可以让人们了解自己，故B项符合语境。答案B5解析根据该段主题句“Push the limits of yo

28、ur comfort zone.”以及关键词“a whole new experience”可知要挑战自己，尝试新事物，收获惊喜，故C项符合语境。答案C.短文改错(2018湖南五市十校教研教改共同体联考)Dear Tom，Very happy to have heard you. In your last email, you asked me for advices on how to travel casually in China. Now Id like to share my opinion.Nowadays, take Chinas highspeed trains is a po

29、pular way to travel. Firstly, its fast and convenient. By the end of last year, the highspeed railways have been built in most of the cities in China, which could help people travel to different places fast than ever. Up to now, the highspeed railway network has covered the total of 22,000 kilometers. Secondly, its stable. In 2015, which a Swedish man videoed surprised the whole world. She erected(竖立) a coin on the windowsill or it stood for 8 minutes. How amazing! So, buddy, why not to have a try?Yours，Li Hua答案