2020版高考英语新设计大一轮人教新高考（浙鲁京琼）版讲义：必修四 UNIT 2 WORD版含答案.doc

1、阅读词汇请匹配下列单词与其词义1statisticAn.肥料；化肥2Fertilizer Bn.数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料3bacteria Cn.矿物；矿石4Nutrition Dn.营养；滋养；食物5mineral En.细菌6underline Fvt.画底线标出；强调7circulate Gn.工作，职业；占领8occupation Hn.产量；输出9output Iadj.肥沃的；富饶的10fertile Jvt.& vi.循环；流传答案1.B2.A3.E4.D5.C6.F7.J8.G9.H10.I高频词汇请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1struggle against/with d

2、ifficulties与困难作斗争2rid a house of mice清除室内的老鼠3reduce the speed降低速度4expand a business扩展业务5comment on an article评论文章6battle against the illness与疾病作斗争7the focus of worlds attention世界关注的中心8for decades on end数十年如一日9a hunger for learning求知欲10be engaged in import and export做进出口贸易11change their nationality改变

3、他们的国籍12a strong personality坚强的个性拓展词汇请填入括号内单词的正确形式1The car transformed America from a farmbased society into an industrial(industry) power.(2018浙江6月卷)2After a series of fruitless attempts to find a way out, we felt hungry(hunger) and tired.3After several weeks successful work, I began to notice that

4、egg production(produce) was going down.(2016浙江10月卷)4On the one hand, theyd love to have kids, but on the other hand, they dont want to give up their freedom (free)5He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)6Our school offers good equipm

5、ent and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip) 7Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed(disturb) 8The discoverer of electricity was Franklin; like many discoveries,_it benefits us greatly.(discover) 必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块

6、1in_addition 另外2build_up some trust建立些许信任3lead_to good results导致好的结果4focus_on the question of homeless people致力于无家可归者的问题5be_rich_in gold盛产黄金6thanks_to your help由于你的帮助7be_satisfied_with the result对这个结果满意8would_rather sacrifice his life宁可牺牲他的生命9rid him of any laziness使他摆脱怠惰10keep us free_from/of the d

7、isease使我们摆脱疾病必仿佳句1.原句 If so, what did you do to grow them?2原句 In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.3原句 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.4原句 This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the

8、 same fields.1仿写 你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快写信告诉我。Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off？If_so,_write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.2仿写 她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因。She is always the_first_person_to_get_to_the_office and the_last_to_leave,_which I guess is why she gets

9、 promoted so quickly.3仿写 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities4仿写 他的梦想是奥运会将使得各个国家和人民和平共处。His dream was that the Olympic Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side.1.struggle vi.& n斗争；拼搏；努力struggle for为而奋斗struggl

10、e against 与斗争；为反对而斗争struggle with 与斗争；与并肩作战struggle to do sth 努力做某事完成语段Unluckily, the farmers have suffered a heavy drought this year.They have to struggle for a living.They are struggling with/against the bad weather for a better harvest.Anyway, they must struggle_to_increase_their_income(努力增加收入)佳句

11、背诵 Because a college community differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.因为大学不同于家庭，许多学生将很难找到一种归属感。 2.rid vt.摆脱；除去rid.of.使摆脱或除去rid oneself of 使某人自己摆脱get rid of 摆脱；除去；扔掉单句语法填空/句型转换Its very hard for people to rid the world of war.As a student, you should get rid

12、of the bad habits.As a student, you should rid_yourself_of_the_bad_habits(rid)佳句背诵 I went through about four years of being addicted to video games but fortunately I managed to get rid of/rid myself of it.我经历过大约4年沉溺于电脑游戏，但幸运的是我成功地戒除了。名师指津 “动词某人of某物”常见短语还有：rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事i

13、nform sb of sth 通知某人某事convince sb of sth 使某人信服某事3.regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n遗憾；懊悔(1)regret to do sth对要做的事感到遗憾 (未做)regret doing/having done sth 对做过的事遗憾/后悔(已做过)(2)to ones regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是(3)regrettable adj. 令人遗憾的，令人懊悔的regretful adj. 遗憾的；后悔的单句语法填空/句型转换I regretted to_tell(tell) him that he had been dismissed.To

14、 my surprise, he said to me, “I have no regrets(regret)I only regret taking/having_taken(take) the wrong job.”John regretted that he had not attended last weeks lecture.John regretted not_attending/having_attended last weeks lecture.佳句背诵 Much to my regret/To my great regret, I am unable to help you.

15、很遗憾我不能帮你。4.focus vt.集中注意力；聚焦 n焦点；关注点(1)focus on/upon集中于focus ones attention/eyes/energy on/upon. 集中注意力/目光/精力于(2)the focus of. 的焦点单句语法填空/句型转换The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature?No matter what noise there might be, he manages to fix/concentrate his attention

16、 on reading.No matter what noise there might be, he manages to_focus_his_attention_on/upon_reading(focus)佳句背诵 Health and environmental problems have become increasingly the focus of attention.健康和环境问题日益成为人们瞩目的焦点。名师指津 表示“集中注意力/精力于”的短语还有：pay attention to sth, put ones heart into sth, fix/concentrate on

17、es attention on sth等。5.equip vt.& vi.装备；配备(1)equip sb/sth with sth用装备equip sb/sth for./to do sth 为而装备某人或物/使某人或物具备条件做某事be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/差的(2)equipment n. U设备单句语法填空/句式升级It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to_speak (speak)They are equipped with new scientific farming

18、methods, so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.Equipped_with_new_scientific_farming_methods,_they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(用分词短语作状语)佳句背诵 A good education should equip you for life.良好的教育能使你受用终生。ment n议论，评论；解释；批评 v表达意见；作出评论 (1)comment on对作出评论(2)make

19、a comment/comments on 对作出评论 no comment 无可奉告单句语法填空/句型转换Many countries made comments (comment) on the failed satellite launch.The teacher often comments on how different the two boys are.The teacher often makes_a_comment/comments_on how different the two boys are.(comment n)7.reduce vt.减少；缩小；降低；使陷入某种更

20、糟的状态reduce sth to.减少到reduce sth by. 减少了be reduced to 沦落为 (to为介词)单句语法填空/完成句子With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days.Believe it or not, the rich man should be_reduced_to_begging_for_a_living(沦落到乞讨为生)8.build up逐渐增强；建立；开发；夸赞；聚集；积累build oneself up增强体质build onese

21、lf up to sth 为做准备build up ones health/body 增进健康build up a fame 建立名声一词多义 写出下列句子中build up的含义He has built up a good business over the years from a small beginning.建立 Hes building me up too muchI may disappoint him.夸赞 Exercise will help build up the muscles.逐渐增强 Bears build up fat stores throughout the

22、summer and fall to have enough energy to last them through their winter sleep.聚集；积累9.lead to导致；造成(后果)lead sb to do sth使某人做某事lead sb to/into. 带领某人去/进入lead the way 带路单句语法填空/完成语段The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs being_caught (catch)With him leading(lead) the way, we got there without any

23、difficulty.But for him, we would have been lost, which would lead to serious consequences.His action led_us_to_believe(使我们相信) that he was our true friend.名师指津 lead to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或v.ing形式。表示导致的短语还有：result in, contribute to, bring about等。10.keep.free from/of无的；免于；摆脱set sb free释放某人for freefree of ch

24、arge 免费单句语法填空/完成句子We should keep ourselves free from/of drugs.I hope you_will_keep_yourself_free_from/of_tobacco_and_alcohol(你不抽烟不喝酒)11.If_so,_what did you do to grow them？如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植它们(这些植物)?(1)if so是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。(2)由if构成的此类省略形式还有：if any如果有的话if ever 如果曾经发生过的话if nec

25、essary 如果有必要的话if possible 如果可能的话单句语法填空/句式升级If the steps you take are working, keep it up.If not,_take another look at other methods you could try.Some of you may have finished Unit one.If so,_you can go on to Unit two.Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.Wash it in wat

26、er and pick out the small particles, if_any12.He would_much_rather_keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。(1)would rather do A than do Bwould do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不做B(2)would rather从句 愿意做 (从句中要用虚拟语气，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。)(3)would rather have done.宁可做了 (实际没做)单句语法填空/句型转换We

27、would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to stay in the library rather than go to see a movie.Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay in the library than go to see_a_movie/would_stay_in_the_

28、library_rather_than_go_to_see_a_movie佳句背诵 Id rather have made a telephone call to him yesterday.我昨天本想给他打个电话的。.阅读教材VS高考之一Wang Peng, a farmer, had been struggling to rid his family of hunger for decades.However, how to expand the output of his crops often confused him.One day, Wang skimmed an article

29、comment focusing on Yuan Longpings discovery.The statistics of his research show that the super rice, free from bacteria and pests, is rich in nutrition.Equipped with Yuans farming method, which has been circulated nationwide, Wang has increased his grain production without using any chemical fertil

30、izers.Thanks to Yuan, he not only has won the combat against hunger, but he can also export his crops abroad.1写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性和词义n.饥饿vt.使变大；扩大vt._使迷惑 n.发现n.细菌 vt.装备vt.流传；传播 adj.化学的2Which of the following can replace the underlined “combat”？AsummaryBoutputCfreedomDbattle答案D.完形教材VS高考之二I would like to com

31、ment on the situation of old China.Most people _1_ all kinds of natural disasters, such as drought and flood.Much to our _2_， we lacked advanced _3_， as a result, the crop output was greatly _4_Luckily, the new government has taken great measures to _5_ learning advanced technology from developed co

32、untries, contributing to much progress in peoples life._6_ the good policies, peoples living standards have been greatly improved.1A.struggled againstBstruggled forCtook upDgot rid of2A.joyBsurpriseCreliefDregret3A.soilBequipmentCrootDfertilizer4A.circulatedBskimmedCreducedDexpanded5A.focus onBbuild

33、 upClead toDkeep up6A.In addition toBWould ratherCFree fromDThanks to答案1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A6.D.语法填空教材VS高考之三Statistics show that the output of the crops in China has largely increased in the past decades, which 1.are_exported(export) to different countries and circulated in developing countries and have h

34、elped them struggle against the 2.disturbing(disturb) problem of hunger.Thanks to Chinese agriculture technology, there are more countries 3.keeping(keep) their people free from lack of nutrition.As a super country, China isnt satisfied with her present achievement.She has no time to regret for the

35、past.She has to build herself up 4.to_reduce(reduce) and get rid of poverty by focusing 5.on science and technology.Therefore, foreign comments have frequently underlined the outstanding achievements.Skim any newspaper and you can often find summaries of Chinese 6.production(produce) which brings mo

36、re occupation chances and 7.equips(equip) farmers with better conditions.We are proud of our nationality and we 8.would rather do anything for our country.写作教材VS高考之四一、细读本单元Reading部分，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。【参考范文】Yuan Longping，Father of Super Hybrid Rice，is one of Chinas most famous scientists.(要点1)He has d

37、evoted himself to his research on rice for the past fifty years.(要点2)In 1953 when Yuan Longping graduated from college，hunger was a disturbing problem in the countryside.(要点3)Therefore，Yuan wanted to help rid his motherland of hunger by increasing the rice output without expanding the area of the fi

38、elds and finally he made it.(要点4)Another dream of his is to make his rice be grown all over the world.(要点5)二、请根据下面提示， 对非洲的大体情况作简单评论。1现状：同干旱等自然灾害作斗争；缺少足够的设备；作物的产量减少。2措施： 集中精力学习发达国家的先进技术；逐步增加食物供给。注意：1.词数不少于60；2至少使用5个所提示的关键词语。提示词：comment, struggle against, to our regret, equipment, reduce, focus on, bu

39、ild up, lead to【参考范文】I would like to make simple comments on the situation of Africa.As you know, most of the people there struggle against natural disasters, like drought.Whats worse, to our regret, they lack enough equipment; as a result, the crop output is greatly reduced.Happily, they plan to fo

40、cus on learning advanced technology from developed countries, and build up the food supply.I believe all these measures will lead to much progress in their life.阅读理解AAccompanied by his fish hawks (鱼鹰) in a small boat，Song Shuzhi set out in the early morning to fish in Mata Lake，Huantai county in Sha

41、ndong province.On this occasion，the birds brought in nearly 25 kilograms of fish.“I can get more than 100 yuan from todays harvest，” the 70yearold man said.“They did a good job.”To reward his feathered friends，Song untied the nooses (套索) from around their necks and allowed them to fly back to the la

42、ke to catch their own breakfast.“The noose prevents them from swallowing the fish they catch while they are working，” he said.About 20 minutes after setting them loose，Song called the fish hawks back to his boat using a special signal that he has developed.Song lives in the village near Mata Lake.Th

43、ree decades ago，almost every family in his village fished with fish hawks.“Our family has fished with fish hawks for at least 100 years.But as the fish decreased and young people left to work outside of our village，fishing with fish hawks has almost disappeared.”Song quitted fishing for a few years

44、during the 1990s due to serious pollution of the lake.Since 2012，the local government has spent 430 million yuan restoring the ecology of Mata Lake and it has regained its vitality (生机) once more.Fish hawks can live for up to 25 years and Song thinks of his birds as his children.“Its hard to raise f

45、ish hawks.Young people like jobs in cities where they can earn much more than they could by fishing，” he said.“I will fish with my fish hawks for as long as I can.It is a technique my ancestors handed down to me and it doesnt produce any pollution.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。山东老人坚持用鱼鹰捕鱼，传承祖先留下的技艺。1How did Song

46、Shuzhi reward his fish hawks?AHe let them be free for some days.BHe gave them some fish they had caught.CHe allowed them to catch fish for their own.DHe destroyed the nooses around their necks.答案C细节理解题。根据第二段“To reward his feathered friends.their own breakfast.”可知，为了奖励鱼鹰，Song解开鱼鹰脖子上的套索让它们可以飞回湖中捕鱼自己吃。

47、2What can we know from the passage?AIts very difficult to fish with fish hawks.BIt is not permitted to raise fish hawks now.CYoung people can hardly survive by fishing.DFew people fish with fish hawks now in Mata Lake.答案D细节理解题。 根据第三段“But as the fish decreased.has almost disappeared.”可知，随着湖里鱼的减少以及年轻人

48、离开村子去城里工作，几乎没有人用鱼鹰捕鱼了。3Song quitted fishing for a few years during the 1990s because _Athe lake had been heavily pollutedBhe left his village to work in a big cityCthere was no fish in the lake at that timeDfishing was banned by the local government答案A细节理解题。根据第四段“Song quitted fishing for a few years

49、 during the 1990s due to serious pollution of the lake.”可知，因为湖水被严重污染，所以Song在20世纪90年代一度暂停了捕鱼。4According to Song Shuzhi，_Afishing helps him keep healthyBfish hawks are the most important for himCit is environmentalfriendly to fish with fish hawksDyoung people should learn the technique of fishing答案C细节

50、理解题。根据最后一段“I will fish with.produce any pollution.”可知，Song认为用鱼鹰捕鱼不产生任何污染，即环保的。B(2019桐乡高级中学二模)Would it surprise you to learn that，like animals，trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of u

51、s ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest，Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact，the opposite is true: trees survive through their cooperation and support，passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”Nitrogen (氮) and car

52、bon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks，making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains，and when one tree i

53、s destroyed，it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”， usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation，transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down

54、“mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it，” Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never gi

55、ve them a chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry，we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的互助关系。快要死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好地成长。如果人们知道这些现象，就可以更好地保护这些树。5What would be the best title fo

56、r the passage?AOld Trees Communicate Like HumansBYoung Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionCTrees Are More Complex Than You ThinkDTrees Contribute To Our Society答案C标题归纳题。根据第一段和第二段第一句并结合全文内容可知，文章介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的互助关系。快要死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好地成长，所以树木比我们想象的更复杂。故答案选C。6.We can learn from the passage th

57、at _A“mother trees” are usually of no use to other treesBCharles Darwin had the same thought as SimardCpeople know much about the complex “tree societies”Dif “mother trees” are cut down，the survival for the entire forest will be affected答案D推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“When humans cut down mother trees with no awa

58、reness of these highly complex tree societies or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.”可推断出，砍掉“母亲树”会影响整片森林的生存状况。故答案选D。7The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _Ahow trees grow oldBhow “tree societies” workChow forestry industr

59、y developsDhow young trees survive答案B代词指代题。画线词出现在第五段段首，所以应该到上一段段末寻找it所指代的内容。上段最后一句指出，砍掉“母亲树”会影响整片森林的生存状况，由此可推断出，it指的是“树的社会”是如何运转的。故答案选B。C(2019丽水模拟)A new study shows that rising levels of planetwarming gases may reduce important nutrients(营养物) in food crops.Researchers studied the effects of carbon d

60、ioxide on rice.In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan.They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century.Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of

61、four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein (蛋白质)The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions.However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.The researchers said the effects of planetwarming gases would be most severe for

62、the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries.These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets.That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh，Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia.Other studies have shown that hi

63、gher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production.And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planetwarming gases threaten food quality.Earlier studies showed that wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide

64、conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals.Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change.That is to grow different forms of rice

65、 that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.【语篇解读】本文介绍了温室气体如何减少粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。8Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may _Aincrease iron in the riceBmake it less nutritiousCcause losses of vitamin EDmake it more delicious答案B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dio

66、xide conditions had，on average，13 to 30 percent lower levels.less protein(蛋白质)”可知，B项为正确答案。9How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?ABy importing rice from China and Japan.BBy taking other kinds of food instead of rice.CBy avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.DBy growing rice

67、 suitable for the environment.答案D细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels”可知，D项为正确答案。10Whats the authors purpose of writing the text?ATo inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.BTo call on people to care for the planet they live o

68、n.CTo share the results of some studies on peoples diets.DTo tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.答案B写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护。故选B。.阅读七选五For me，gardening is the coolest hobby on the planet.What other hobbies can you invest a few dollars in that give you so mu

69、ch in return? There are no membership fees to pay，and no special clothes to buy._1_ Here are my reasons why I think so.Gardening is cheaper than therapy (治疗)It is wonderful to plant the seeds and then see them growing into big plants.The excitement helps me keep physically and mentally healthy._2_ D

70、uring the winter，you can find me inside by the fire making my garden plans for the next season._3_ I used to spend much money on fresh fruits and vegetables before I got into gardening.Now I can get an entire summers worth of vegetables only with a onedollar packet of seeds.Flowers are a cheap form

71、of landscaping (美化环境)When I started gardening，I only planted vegetables.Now I plant flowers too._4_ So why dont you grow twenty or more with a onedollar packet of seeds?_5_ Getting kids to try new fruits and vegetables can be a challenge sometimes，but a funny thing happens when they learn that they

72、can grow their own food in the garden.Sharing is caring.If you grow more fruits and vegetables than you can eat，you can give them to a local food bank or your friends and neighbors.AGrowing flowers is also a good idea.BGardening can help you save money.CIn summer Im outside playing in the dirt.DAll

73、you need is a little dirt and some seeds.EYou can get only one flower from the shop with one dollar.FAutumn has more good days for gardening than spring does.GGardening is a hobby the whole family can enjoy，especially kids.【语篇解读】本文讲的是关于从事园艺种植的一些益处。1D根据上文讲到的从事园艺种植不需要缴纳会员费，也不需要购买特别的衣服可知，接下来讲的是从事园艺种植不需要太多投资，你只需要一些土壤和种子。2C根据下句所讲的作者冬天窝在家里的火炉旁想明年的种植计划可知此空选C项最佳，即作者夏天就在院子里玩乐，前后形成对比。3B本段讲到作者以前要花很多钱买蔬菜水果，而现在只需要购买一美元的种子就可以整个夏天都吃到新鲜蔬菜，由此可知本段讲的从事园艺种植的好处就是省钱，选B。4E作者在本段最后建议花一美元买一些花种，这样就可以得到20枝花甚至更多，由此可知此空选E项最佳，即通常一美元只能买到一枝花。5G根据后文所讲的孩子们从园艺种植中能得到乐趣可知，此空选G。