2021-2022学年高中新教材英语人教版必修第一册学案：WELCOME UNIT SECTION Ⅲ　DISCOVERING USEFUL STRUCTURES WORD版含解析.docx

1、Section Discovering Useful StructuresGrammar句子成分、八种基本句式新知导引判断下列教材中句子的结构1All of us laughed._2I couldnt concentrate on the experiment._3The class was difficult._4Everyone laughed so much._5We had our chemistry class in the science lab._6He even told us a funny story._7I found most of my classmates and

2、 teachers friendly and helpful._8Theres a lot to explore at senior high._语法精讲一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。1主语(subject)：主语是句子的主体，是说明的对象。主语通常由名词、代词以及v.ing等充当。The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isnt

3、 as hard as you think.同学们在认真听我讲课。他们想学好英语。学好英语不像你想得那么难。2谓语(verb)：谓语用来说明主语的状态或行为动作。谓语由动词构成，有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。(1)简单谓语：由实义动词或实义动词短语构成。He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。(2)复合谓语：由“情态动词、be动词或其他助动词动词原形或动词的其他形式”构成。You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可借两周。The students are playing basketball in the playground.学生们正在

4、操场上打篮球。由系动词加表语构成。The film is interesting.这部电影很有意思。3宾语(object)：宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者，一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词后面，一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)等充当。He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本词典。(动词的宾语)We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。(介词的宾语)Jack decided to find a job in Paris.杰克决定在巴黎找份工作。(动词不定式短语作动词decided的宾语)宾语种类：(1)双宾语：间

5、接宾语直接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物，间接宾语是指承受动词所表示行为的人。间接宾语一般置于直接宾语之前。Lend ， please.把你的书借给我用一用。(2)复合宾语：宾语宾语补足语。We elected 我们选他为班长。4表语(predicative)：表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)等充当。Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。They seem to know the truth.他们似乎知道真相。5定语(attribute)：定语起修饰、限定名词

6、或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词、名词、形容词性物主代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)或从句充当。Is there any difference between spoken English and written English?英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗？The man who is talking with a foreigner is my English teacher.正在和一个外国人说话的那个人是我的英语老师。6状语(adverbial)：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果

7、、方式、伴随、条件、让步、程度、频率等。Ill be back in a while.我一会儿就回来。(时间状语)Im very pleased to see you.见到你我非常高兴。(原因状语)Please call me up if you need help.如果需要帮助，请给我打电话。(条件状语)7宾语补足语(object complement)：有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，这一部分内容称为宾语补足语。宾语补足语可由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)或介词短语等充当。We must keep it a secret.我们必须对此保

8、密。(名词短语)We saw her entering the room.我们看见她进入了房间。(分词短语)We found everything in the lab in good order.我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序。(介词短语) 名师点津主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。He was last seen playing near the river. 即学即练1判断下列句子中的画线部分在句中作什么成分(1)I like spring very much._(2)We enjoy playing football._(3)They offered me the

9、 job._(4)I found the book very interesting._(5)The woman in a yellow dress is our English teacher._(6)He was late for school because of the heavy rain._二、八种基本句式英语句子的基本结构可归纳为八种基本句式，在此基础上扩大、组合、省略和倒装。掌握这八个基本句式是掌握英语句子结构的基础。1主语谓语(SV)这种句型中的动词是不及物动词。所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的不及物动词有：work, jump, arrive, com

10、e, disappear, cry, happen, die等。.2主语谓语宾语(SVO)此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句来充当。？.3主语系动词表语(SVP)该句式侧重说明主语的特征、身份等，谓语动词需用系动词(常见的系动词有：be, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, keep, remain, get, become, turn, grow等)。表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动名词等。.4主语谓语间接宾

11、语直接宾语(SVIODO)有些谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；另一个指物，为直接宾语。常见的接双宾语的动词有：give, lend, offer, show, tell, buy, bring, get等。 .5主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(SVOC)该句型中的谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语不能表示完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分说明宾语，才能使其意思完整。宾语补足语也有许多形式，如名词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等。.6主语谓语状语(SVA)在很多情形中，作谓语的不及物动词后面跟上状语意思才完整。.7主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)有些及物动

12、词作谓语时，加上宾语意思仍然不完整，需要加上状语意思才能完整。.8there be句型英语中there be结构表示“某处有某物”，所以通常被称为存在句。其中there为引导词，无词义，be为谓语动词，there be后面的名词为句子的主语。there be结构中be还可以用其他词替代，如live, exist, stand, lie, remain, go, come等。There .There . 即学即练2分析下列句子的基本结构(1)The bread tastes delicious._(2)I will spend the summer holiday in the countrys

13、ide._(3)He bought me a birthday present._(4)I could not make him change his mind._(5)We finished our homework._(6)He got up very late._(7)There is some milk in the bottle._(8)The baby cried._1.forward adv.(also forwards)向前；前进adj.向前的；前进的；前部的move forward 向前移动step forward 向前迈步look forward 展望未来put forwa

14、rd 提出So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward.所以，慢下来，想想那一刻你真正想做什么。清晰的思路可以帮助你前进。The project will go forward as planned.这个项目将按计划继续进行。 即学即练单句语法填空We can see the _ (前部) part of the ship.She fell _ (前部) on to her face, hurting herself

15、 badly.Weve put _ (提前) the date of our wedding by one week.A clever pass to the _ (前锋)!词语拓展：backward adv.向后adj.向后的afterward adv.然后；后来upward adv.向上；往上adj.向上的；朝上的downward adv.向下地；下降地adj.向下的；下降的outward adv.向外；在外adj.外面的inward adv.向内地；内部地adj.向内的；内部的2.look forward to盼望；期待(to是介词)(教材P6)Tom is looking forwar

16、d to meeting the new exchange student.汤姆期待见到新的交换生。“动词副词介词”结构的短语还有：get down to开始做 run out of用完，用尽think highly of对评价高 break away from脱离；逃离keep away from远离 add up to总数为live up to不辜负 catch up with赶上come up with提出，想出(答案等) put up with容忍make up for弥补，补偿 get on/along with与相处lead to导致；通向 be used to习惯于pay att

17、ention to注意 contribute to有助于；促成stick to坚持 get down to开始认真做A diet that is high in fat can lead to obesity.高脂肪的饮食可能会导致肥胖。“look副词介词”结构：lookI must get down to booking the hotel.我得开始预订旅馆了。Smoking contributed to his early death.吸烟导致他早逝。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Were looking forward to _ (invite) to a formal dinner.

18、We are looking forward to _ (listen) to his speech.The summer holiday she was looking forward to _ (come) at last.The woman got down to _ (clean) the room as soon as she got home.我盼望着尽快收到你的来信。_教师提醒：look forward to盼望；期待to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。但look forward作“向前看”讲时，后可接动词不定式作目的状语教师警示：look forward

19、to用在定语从句中时，应注意其后主句的谓语动词形式。基础知识自测.按照要求，写出下列加黑句子的成分1The theatre tickets have been sold out.()2This kind of cloth washes well.()3What you said just now made me very happy.()4Could you give me the letter？()5I will study hard to learn English well.()6Professor Smith, our math teacher, will return to his

20、country tomorrow.()7As far as I know, Mary is a good student.()8He is a very kind lady.().判断下面语篇中画线句子的结构Dear Terry，How are you? In your last letter, 1.you asked me how to be a guest to a Chinese friends home. Now, 2.I am writing to give you some advice.To begin with, 3.youd better arrive a little ea

21、rlier because its polite to do so. Second, 4.youd better bring the family some gifts, such as a bunch of flowers or some fruit. Most importantly, the elderly are usually the first to taste the food because 5.they are well respected in China. Whats more, when 6.you are enjoying the meal, 7.you need t

22、o avoid making noises.Hopefully, 8.these suggestions would be helpful for you. Im sure that 9.you will have a great time and 10. youll find us Chinese very friendly.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua1_2_3_4_5_6_7_8_9_10_.按要求完成句子1现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语系动词表语)Nowadays afterclass activities _ in high schools.2我们尚

23、未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语谓语宾语)We havent decided _.3奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个非常有趣的故事。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)Granny _ last night.4每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)Every morning we can hear him _.5早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语系动词表语，动名词作主语)_ is a good habit.6最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语谓语)_ in my hometown in the past ten years.7你会发现英语容易学。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)You wil

24、l find _.8我认为一切都会好起来。(主语系动词表语)I believe _.Section Discovering Useful Structures语法精讲难点透析新知导引1主语谓语2.主语谓语宾语3.主语系动词表语4主语谓语状语5.主语谓语宾语状语6.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语7.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语8there be句型即学即练1(1)谓语(2)宾语(3)直接宾语(4)宾语补足语(5)定语(6)状语即学即练2(1)主语系动词表语(2)主语谓语宾语状语(3)主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(4)主语谓语宾语宾补(5)主语谓语宾语(6)主语谓语状语(7)there be句型(8)主语谓语知识

25、探究讲练互动1forwardforwardforwardforward2being invitedlisteningcamecleaningIm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.课时达标随堂自测.按照要求，写出下列加黑句子的成分1主语2.状语3.宾补4.宾语5.谓语6同位语7.表语8.定语.判断下面语篇中画线句子的结构1主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语2主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语3主语谓语状语4主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语5主语谓语状语6主语谓语宾语7主语谓语宾语8主语系动词表语9主语谓语宾语10主语谓语宾语宾语补足语.按要求完成句子1are becoming more and more popular2when to discuss the problem again3told me a very interesting story4read English aloud5Going to bed early and getting up early6Great changes have taken place7English easy to learn8everything will be all right