2020-2021学年人教版英语选修8课时分层作业：UNIT 5　SECTION Ⅰ WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时分层作业(十三)Section 高考题型练习提能力.阅读理解AScience is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered secondclass citizens.As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted，chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of s

2、eparation.When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one.Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friends die.Pigs respond meaningfully to human symbols.When a resear

3、ch team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals.The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the Os.Then the team switched from reallife objects to Tshirts printed with X or O sy

4、mbols.Still, the pigs walked only toward the Oshirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a twodimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat (技巧) of reasoning.Ive been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself.At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that

5、 monkeys and apes outthink and outfeel other animals.Theyre other primates (灵长目动物)，after all, animals from our own mammalian (哺乳动物的) class.Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mour

6、ning with their social companions.Longterm studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel(引发) a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small t

7、anks at theme parks.Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs，goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of “food animals” bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat？In other words, will our ethics star

8、t to catch up with the development of our science?Animal activists are already there，of course，committed to not eating these animals.But what about the rest of us？Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章告诉我们，原本被当作人类食物的动物

9、实际上也跟我们一样，有思想、有感情，甚至还有一定的分析推理能力。这种科学的发现将促使我们进行生物伦理方面的深刻思考。1According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of .AinteractionBanalysisCcreation DabstractionB推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When given problems to solve，they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward

10、 for a slightly later(and better) one.”可知，当遇到问题时，母鸡们会推理：受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，以换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。因此可推断，母鸡们具备一定的“分析analysis”能力。故选B。2The research into pigs shows that pigs Alearn letters quicklyBhave a good eyesightCcan build up a good relationshipDcan apply knowledge to new situationsD推理判断题。根

11、据第三段段意尤其是最后一句中的“they had transferred their knowledge to a twodimensional format，a not inconsiderable feat(技巧)of reasoning.”可知，猪能够将知识转化为二维形式，这是一种相当有水平的推理技巧。故选D。3Paragraph 4 is mainly about Athe similarities between mammals and humansBthe necessity of longterm studies on mammalsCa change in peoples at

12、titudes towards animalsDa discovery of how animals express themselvesC段落大意题。根据第四段段意尤其是最后一句中的“Longterm studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel (引发) a viewpoint shift in our society：the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories，elephants f

13、orced to perform in circuses”可知，长期在野外对这些哺乳动物的研究也促进着社会观念的转变，我们不再轻易地接受这种认识：猴子只能是实验室里的对象，大象被迫在马戏团里进行表演很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故选C。4What might be the best title for the passage?AThe Inner Lives of Food AnimalsBThe Lifestyles of Food AnimalsCScience Reports on Food AnimalsDA Revolution in Food AnimalsA标题归纳题

14、。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了原本被当作人类食物的动物实际上也跟我们一样，有思想、有感情，甚至还有一定的分析推理能力。这些都是在说动物的“内心世界Inner Lives”。故选A。BAt Kartchner Caverns，lots of bats fly into the dark to feed each summer evening for 40，000 years.But these days，with the advent of tourism，the bats are not the only creatures traveling in and out of this world

15、 of darkness.Since Kartchner was opened to the public two years ago，tours have been selling out weeks in advance.So far the bats still appear to be doing well.But the cave itself may be dying.Located in southern Arizonas Whetstone Mountains，Kartchner is a pristine(原始的)example of a living cave，with f

16、ormations that are still moist(潮湿的)and growing.The brilliant orange，red，and gold stalactites(钟乳石)and stalagmites(石笋)in the caverns have been formed and fed during the past 200，000 years by rainwater that combines with carbon dioxide from the air and carbon from the soil.Kartchners formations depend

17、on moisture，so humidity(湿度)must be kept at 99 percent or the fantastic structures will stop growing.A temperature variant of just half a degree can dry out the cave within weeks.But theres a hot desert above and 500 tourists come through each day，so visitors must enter through two steel doors design

18、ed to keep hot air from flowing in.Misters spray the cave floor to keep it wet.The state of Arizona recently spent 12 years and $30 million to turn this fairyland into what officials have titled the Environmental Cave，taking pains to protect it from the potential damage caused by tourism.Despite pro

19、tests(抗议)from scientists，the misters now run around the clock to make up for the unexpected influence of tourists.Yet，the cave is still drying out.One year after Kartchner opened，it was less humid and one degree warmer in areas where the public visits.Park officials have suggested that the cave is d

20、ry because of a recent drought and note that hard rains have since fallen and added moisture.Nevertheless，they have hired a scientist to assess the influence of tourism on the cave and to invent new ways to prevent further damage.Ronal Kerbo，the National Park Services leading expert on cave preserva

21、tion，remains optimistic but warns，“Kartchner will never be a pristine environment again.This is what happens when you open a cave to the public and say，Come on in.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文。亚利桑那州的Kartchner Caverns因向游客开放后洞穴内的原始环境遭到破坏，政府积极采取措施保护该洞穴。5What does the underlined word “advent” in Paragraph 1 mean?ABenef

22、it.BComing.CContribution. DDrop.B词义猜测题。由第一段中的“Since Kartchner was opened to the public two years ago，tours have been selling out weeks in advance.”可知，随着旅游业的到来，蝙蝠不是唯一一种进进出出这个洞穴的生物；由此可推断，advent意为“出现，到来”。6What can we infer from the third paragraph?AThe tour of Kartchner Caverns is long and tiring. BKar

23、tchner Caverns is very different from other caverns.CTemperature plays a key role in the life of cave formations.DVisitors to Kartchner Caverns are from many other countries.C推理判断题。由第三段的描述可知，Kartchner的形成物的生长取决于洞内的湿度和温度，半度的温度变化在几周内就会将整个洞穴变干燥；由此可以推断，Kartchner Caverns内的温度非常关键。7What do we know about the

24、 measures taken to protect Kartchner Caverns?AThey gained full support from scientists.BThey have proved to be totally successful.CThey have caused greater damage to the cave.DThey turned out much less effective than expected.D推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Yet，the cave is still drying outit was less humid and one

25、degree warmer in areas where the public visits”可知，保护Kartchner Caverns所采取的措施并不成功，没有达到预期的效果。8We can infer from the last paragraph that in the future Aother caves will be found near the Kartchner siteBthe state of Arizona will close Kartchner to the publicCthe public will return Kartchner to its origin

26、al conditionDchanges will be made to save Kartchner from further damageD推理判断题。由最后一段中的“they have hired a scientist to assess the influence of tourism on the cave and to invent new ways to prevent further damage”可知，公园的管理人员请一位科学家来评估旅游对洞穴的影响，并请他研究新的方法来防止洞穴受到进一步的破坏。.阅读七选五National SymbolsWhen many people

27、in the west think of China，the animal that they think of is the dragon. 1 Many popular legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens.For Chinese people，however，the dragon is not an evil monster. 2 The dragons main task is to create harmony and bring rain.Dragons are cele

28、brated in art and architecture，and of course the dragon dance is a very popular ritual.Millions of Chinese have the word “long”，meaning dragon，as part of their name. 3 Wales，one of the four countries in the UK，has a red dragon proudly displayed on its flag.The only other country in the world with a

29、dragon on its flag is Bhutan，the tiny country，between China and India.Almost all countries in the world have an animal symbol represent the country，and it is particularly obvious during sports.The English see lions as brave，proud animals and the England football teams have three lions on the front o

30、f their football shirts. 4 The national rugby team is more commonly known as the Wallabies，a kind of small kangaroo.All countries are proud of their symbols，which they feel reflect national characteristics.Recently，a professor claimed that using the dragon as a national symbol could make western cou

31、ntries have a negative view of China. 5 As Chinese culture attains its worldwide popularity，people in the west will no doubt want China to keep the dragon too.AAustralia is famous for kangaroos，of course.BThere are many other countries to use animal symbols.CChina isnt the only country to have the d

32、ragon as its symbol.DIts a cultural and spiritual symbol for prosperity and good luck.EFor them，the dragon is an aggressive monster that breathes fire.FThe kangaroo is not only loved，but highly respected in Australia.GBut in an Internet survey，90% of Chinese people wanted to keep the dragon.【语篇解读】本文

33、从介绍龙作为中国的象征，联想到其他以龙作为象征的国家，及其他国家的动物象征。1E根据上文：在西方很多人想到中国的时候，他们想到的动物就是龙。再根据下文中的：然而，对于中国人来说，龙不是邪恶的怪物。可知，E项，“对他们来说，龙是一种喷火的攻击性怪物。”紧接上句，与下文呼应，符合题意。2D根据上句：对于中国人来说，龙不是邪恶的怪物。D项，“它是繁荣和好运的文化和精神象征。”紧接上句，与上句呼应。故选D。3C根据下文：威尔士，是联合王国的四个国家之一，有一条红色的龙骄傲地展示在它的旗帜上。由此可知，中国不是唯一把龙作为其象征的国家。故选C。4A第三段第一句是本段主题句：Almost all coun

34、tries in the world have an animal symbol represent the country，and it is particularly obvious during sports.在世界上几乎所有的国家都有一个动物符号代表这个国家，在体育运动中尤为明显。所以A项，“Australia is famous for kangaroos，of course.当然，澳大利亚最有名的是袋鼠。”符合题意。5G根据上句：最近一名教授声称把龙当作国家的象征符号会让西方国家对中国有一个负面看法。再根据空格下句中的to keep the dragon too.可知，G项，“Bu

35、t in an Internet survey，90% of Chinese people wanted to keep the dragon.但是网上调查，90%中国人想保持龙的符号。”符合题意。.语法填空A recent study found that people who live in colder climates consume 1._(much) alcohol than people who live in warm weather.“Alcohol is something that everyone thought harmful for 2._(decade)，but

36、no one has scientifically demonstrated it，”a professor wrote in a press release.Why do people in Russia drink so much? Everybody 3._(assume) thats because the weather is cold.But we couldnt find a single paper 4._(link) climate to alcohol intake.Since alcohol could increase warm blood flow in the sk

37、in，last month，the researchers in a study 5._(suggest)that people should reach for booze (酒)when its cold outside.The researchers combed through data to compare climate factors and alcohol consumption per capita (每人的).6._ study also found that as temperatures and sunlight hours decrease, alcohol cons

38、umption goes up.Shorter hours of sunlight and cooler temperatures also relate 7._ higher rates of depression，8._ is linked to an increase in drinking.The professor hopes this data will help influence health policies on alcohol abuse.“Knowing that colder places have more drinkrelated problems could b

39、e 9._(help) to the efforts in these areas 10._(determine) better policies，”he said.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文。文章从科学的角度认证了为什么生活在寒冷气候下的人们会饮用更多的酒。寒冷地区有更多与饮酒有关的问题，意识到这一点有助于这些地区制定更好的解决对策。1more考查形容词的比较级。设空处后有比较级的标志词than，故此处应使用所给词much的比较级形式more。2decades考查名词的数。decade为可数名词，设空处前也没有冠词，因此这里应使用其复数形式decades。3assumes考查动词时态和主谓

40、一致。根据上下文此处应使用一般现在时，主语是Everybody，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，故填assumes。4linking考查非谓语动词。由句子结构可知，此处应使用分词作定语修饰paper，而paper与link之间为主动关系，故使用其现在分词形式linking。5suggested考查动词时态。由设空处前面的last month可知，此处应使用一般过去时。故填suggested。6The考查冠词。由上下文可知，设空处后的study应对本段第四句中的a study，此处表示特指。故填The。7to考查介词。relate to为固定短语，意思为“涉及，与有关”。故填to。8which考查定语从句。由句意及结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代逗号前整个主句的内容。故填which。9helpful考查词性转换。由句子结构可知，此处应使用所给词的形容词形式作could be的表语。故填helpful。10to determine考查非谓语动词。句意 ：他说：“认识到寒冷地区存在更多与饮酒有关的问题有助于这些地区制定更好的对应策略。”由句意及结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to determine。