2019版高考英语大一轮单元增分（译林版）：必修⑤ UNIT 3 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 WORD版含答案.doc

1、必修 Unit 3单元检测A语言基础扎根练阅读理解提速练 语言基础扎根练.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空1This report offered the most specific and accurate (准确的) description of the problems.2We are studying to prove this point, and it has initially been confirmed (证实)3Will you do me a favour (帮忙) and tell me how the Internet works?4Dennis has recent

2、ly begun a successful career conducting (指挥) an opera.5John was adopted (收养) as a baby; he never knew his natural parents.6Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences (结果) so do be careful.7We are looking for someone who is reliable (可靠的) and hardworking.8In no case should we sacrific

3、e principles for economic profits (利润)9An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority (大多数) of the committee members are against it.10American football is quite different from the ordinary (普通的) football.11Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation (transform) in her outlook.

4、 12I cant make that decision for you, you will have to use your judgement (judge)13Careful consideration (consider) should be given to issues of health and safety.14Its better for the government to attach more importance to the original (origin) inventions of all kinds.15Some economists showed their

5、 anxiety (anxious) on the present unemployment.单句改错 1There are much than 50 people attending the meeting to discuss the heated question.muchmore2The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been3Hearing a

6、strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frighteningfrightened4In a consequence of his ill health, he lost the opportunity.去掉a5Strictly speaking, you shouldnt enter the lab without the permission. 去掉第二个the6Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the

7、majority of the citizens is black people.第二个isare7For the one hand, cars are very useful. But on the other hand, they cause a huge amount of pollution, which does harm to the environment.ForOn8The majority of students was indifferent to the political meeting.waswere9Its very kind of you to do a favo

8、ur to me by letting me get out of trouble.第二个tofor10No one put forward anything better than the plan now under the consideration.去掉第二个the.翻译句子1所有出席会议的人都赞成该计划。(in favour of)All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.2他恐吓人们按他的意愿行事。(frighten sb. into)He_frightened_people_into_doing

9、_what_he_wanted. 3我很遗憾地告诉你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不把你解雇。(in consequence of, dismiss)I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.4她决定成为一名画家，和她外公一样。(follow in ones footsteps)She decides to become a painter, following in her grandfathers footsteps.5在我遇到麻烦的时候，他过去常常是第一个来帮助我的人。(序

10、数词to do)He_used_to_be_the_first_to_offer_me_help_when_I_met_with_problems.句型转换/句式升级1Could you do me a favour to take these cushions in?Could you do a favour for me to take these cushions in?2Thanks to scientists and inventors, today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.Thanks to scie

11、ntists and inventors, today we profit from countless inventions and innovations.3The mountainous country is so beautiful that I cant describe it.The_beauty_of_the_mountainous_country_is_more_than_I_can_describe.(more than)4After they take everything into consideration, they trusted themselves more a

12、nd returned to their positions.Having_taken_everything_into_consideration,_they_trusted_themselves_more_and_returned_to_their_positions.(用分词作状语)Everything_taken_into_consideration,_they_trusted_themselves_more_and_returned_to_their_positions.(独立主格结构)阅读理解提速练AThe ideal relationship between brothers an

13、d sisters is obviously different from the realistic relationships that exist between brothers and sisters. Anyone who has had either a brother, a sister or both will know a little bit about sibling_rivalry. Sibling rivalry does not necessarily stem from (源于) the desire to be the “favorite” among one

14、s parents. In fact, sibling rivalry can also be attributed to a sort of natural competition that arises between people, especially those living close to one another.Already, childhood describes and shapes the development of the relationships between siblings. So that type of hostile relationship may

15、 not continue throughout the siblings lives. This observation is apparent in many sibling relationships, even my own. Yet, what can explain the change that happens?Perhaps, it has something to do with maturity (成熟). Maturity focuses on ones relationships, even those between siblings. Whether or not

16、maturity helps create friendly terms between siblings is not entirely clear, but it is apparent that maturity helps to explain why siblings take focus away from creating antagonism (对立). If the old saying, “Blood is thicker than water”， is applied to sibling relationships, we find that genetic relat

17、ionships can enhance social relationships.So, even if we want sibling relationships to be peaceful and loving, we cannot expect those friendly terms to exist always. What is important in this type of relationship is the concept of forgiveness.Forgiveness can heal any wound, and in the case of siblin

18、g relationships, it can be the path to a life of togetherness and solidarity (团结)Therefore, it is entirely true that we cannot pick and choose who is in our family. But, we can learn to live together peaceably despite our differences. This not only applies to sibling relationships, but to all relati

19、onships in general. 语篇解读：手足之争不一定是源于希望得到父母更多的爱，还可能是出于一种人与人之间的自然竞争。本文作者对这一现象产生的原因及其发展和影响进行了分析和解读。1What does the underlined phrase “sibling rivalry” in Paragraph 1 mean?ASiblings competing for more love from their parents.BParents hardly treating their children equally.CPeople liking to live close to o

20、ne another.DStudents working hard together at their lessons.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据上下文(第一段第一句到第三句)的意思可知，sibling rivalry 在此处指“手足之争”，即兄弟姐妹们争相得到父母更多的爱。2According to the author, the relationships between siblings will become _.Amore difficult to deal with Bmore and more importantCworse and worseDbetter and better

21、解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，兄弟姐妹之间的敌意不会持续下去，他们之间的关系会变得越来越好。由下文的论述也可得知答案。3Which of the following can lead to a peaceful and solid life?AThe concept of determination.BThe quality of forgiveness.CThe friendly relationships.DThe spirit of bravery.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，原谅对稳固家庭关系很有帮助，有利于促进家庭的和睦与团结。4What shou

22、ld we do if we want to build good relationships?ATry our best to choose outgoing siblings.BBe always ready to help each other.CAccept all the different personalities.DTry to be quite different from others.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，接受各自的不同个性是建立良好关系的关键。BThe most complex object known to humanity is the hu

23、man brain and not only is it complex, but it is one of the few natural phenomena that science has no consciousness of. To try to replicate (复制) something that is so poorly understood may therefore seem like pride. But you have to start somewhere, and International Business Machines (IBM) and the Eco

24、le Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Switzerland, propose to start by replicating “in silico”， one of the brains building blocks.In a partnership announced, the two organizations said they would be working together to build a simulation (模拟) of a structure known as a neocortical (新大脑皮质的)

25、 column on a type of IBM supercomputer that is currently used to study the molecular functioning of genes. If that works, they plan to use more powerful computers to link such simulated columns together into something that mimics (模仿) a brain.In a real brain, a neocortical column is a cylindrical (圆

26、柱形的) element about a third of a millimeter in diameter and three millimeters long. It is these columns, arranged side by side like the cells of a honeycomb, which make up the famous “grey matter” that has become shorthand for human intelligence. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer that will be used for th

27、e simulation consists of enough independent processors for each to be programmed to mimic an individual nerve cell in a column.The EPFLs contribution to the Blue Brain Project will be to create a digital description of how the columns behave. The database from its Brain Mind Institute will provide t

28、he raw material for the simulation. Biologists and computer scientists will then connect the artificial nerve cells up in a way that mimics nature. They will do so by assigning electrical properties (电能) to them, and telling them how to communicate with each other and how they should modify their co

29、nnections with one another depending on their activity.That_will_be_no_mean_feat. Even a single nerve cell is complicated, not least because each one has about 10,000 connections with others. And nerve cells come in great variety relying, for example, on different chemical transmitters to carry mess

30、ages across those connections. Eventually, however, a digital representation of an entire column should occur.Assuming that the growth of computing power continues to follow Moores Law, the leader of IBMs side thinks it should be practical to mimic an entire human brain in silico this way in ten to

31、fifteen years. Such an artificial brain would, of course, be a powerful research tool. It would allow neurological experiments that currently take days in a “web lab” to be conducted in seconds. The researchers hope that their simulated brain will reveal the secrets of how certain psychiatric and ne

32、urological, disorders develop. But that is probably not the real reason for doing it. The most interesting question, surely, is whether such an artificial brain will be intelligent, or conscious, or both.语篇解读：对于人类来说，人脑是已知的最复杂的物体，也是科学无法解释的自然现象之一。国际商业机器公司和瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院尝试使用超级计算机模拟新皮质柱从而来模仿人脑。研究人员希望借此来探索人造

33、大脑将会有什么功能，这样的人造大脑是否是智能的或者有意识的，还是二者兼而有之。5In a real brain, a neocortical column _.Alooks like the cells of a honeycombBis a simulation of a structureCis the famous “grey matter”Dcontains a large number of nerve cells解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，超级计算机中的每一个独立处理器被编程来模仿新皮质柱中的单个神经细胞，所以足够多的处理器被用来模仿新皮质柱中的许多的神经细胞。由

34、此可见，在真的大脑中，一个新皮质柱包含大量的神经细胞。故选项D正确。6What does the underlined sentence “That_will_be_no_mean_feat” in Paragraph 5 indicate?AIt is rather difficult to connect the artificial nerve cells up.BThe function of chemical transmitters is hard to understand.CA digital representation of an entire column is time

35、consuming.DA single nerve cell is complicated to identify across connections.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段第三句和第五段第二句可知，单一的神经细胞是复杂的，而每一个神经细胞与其他神经细胞之间的联系还有约10 000次，所以生物学家和电脑科学家将人造的神经细胞连接到一起是一件相当复杂的事情。故选项A符合题意。no mean feat为固定短语，意为“非常了不起；绝非易事”。7The fundamental purpose of doing the research is probably _.Ato simulate an entire human brain in silicoBto tell us how some certain disorders emergeCto discover how the artificial brain would workDto examine whether Moores Law is still functioning解析：选C细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句可知，最有意义的问题是这样的人造大脑是否是智能的或者有意识的，还是二者兼而有之。显然这个研究的根本目的是为了探索人造大脑将会有什么功能。故选项C正确。