2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习 动词和动词短语（含解析）.doc

1、动词和动词短语重难点分析对于动词和动词短语，主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、一词多义以及在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。要特别注意一些最常用的词汇如get, make, have, take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。一、动词分类一览表动词的分类例句行为动词(实义动词)及物动词(vt.)+宾语He sang a song for us.不及物动词(vi.)后不接宾语He arrived late.+介词He arrived in Wuhan at 10 a.m.系动词表人和事物的特征和状态：be, feel, appear, seem, look, sound, smell, taste等H

2、e seems angry. 表状态变化：become, get, go, turn, grow, fall等The fish went bad.表状态的延续或持续：keep, stay, remain等He remained silent.助动词be, have, do, shall, will等，不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形或分词一起构成谓语的各种形式I have bought a car.情态动词can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must, need, dare等He may come tomorrow.注意：有些动词是兼类词

3、。如：We have lunch at 12. (行为动词) / We have been to Japan. (助动词)二、动词短语构成一览表动词短语构成示例例句动词+副词break out 爆发The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1931. 动词+介词agree with 同意I agree with you on that point. 动词+副词+介词come up with 想出；提出I came up with a good idea.动词+名词+介词make use of 利用You should make full use of your ti

4、me.动词+名词take place 发生Great changes are taking place in our life. 三、常用动词短语归纳常用动词come, go, keep, look, make, put, take, turn, get的相关搭配1. comecome about 发生；造成come across 偶然遇到come after 追踪；跟在后面come along 一道走；赶快come at 向扑过来come from 来自come on 跟随；上演；赶快；加油come out 出来；出版；结果是come to (oneself) 苏醒；总共；达到；涉及come

5、 to an agreement 达成协议come to a close/an end 终止；结束come to life 活过来come to light 泄露；被发现come to mind 想起；回忆起come to the point (讲话、写文章等)切中要害come to the/ones rescue 营救；帮助come true 实现；变成现实come up with 想出；提出come into being/existence 出现；开始形成；成立come in 进来；上市；流行起来；(比赛中)得名次(come in second 得第二名)2. go go about 此处

6、走动go after 追赶；追捕；追求go ahead 前进；说吧；走吧；做吧(口语)go all out to do sth. 全力以赴做某事go beyond 超出；超出的能力go by 从经过/通过；时间流逝go back to 追溯到；回顾go down 下降；下跌go in for 参与；从事；爱好go into 进入；从事go off 离开某地；爆炸go over 复习；超过期限；审阅；仔细查看go out 熄灭；出去；过时go through 穿过；经受go too far 太过分；走得太远go with 相配(同义词match)go well with 协调；相配go wron

7、g 出错；发生故障go around/round 绕道；四处走动；(故事、消息等)传开；萦绕3. keepkeep away 不靠近；远离keep back 向后退；保留keep in mind 记住；把记在心里keep in order 保持整齐；使井井有条keep in touch with 保持联系keep ones ears open 留心细听；倾听keep ones eyes open 留心；注意keep out 不让入内；不要进来keep out of 不参与；不牵涉进去；置身事外keep quiet 保持安静keep up your courage 鼓起勇气；保持勇气keep u

8、p with 跟上keep off 不接近；保持距离；避开；回避(某话题)4. looklook about/around 四周环顾look after 照顾look ahead 向前看；展望未来look at 看look back 回顾；回过头看look down upon 看不起look down ones nose at 傲慢；轻视某人look forward to 期待look into 调查look like 看起来像look out (of) 当心；小心；向外看look through 浏览；看穿look up 仰视；查找(字典、电话本等)look up to sb. 尊敬look

9、 up and down上下打量(某人)look to 指望；寄望；依靠look on 袖手旁观look over 仔细检查5. makemake sense 说得通；有意义；言之有理make up 构成make up for 弥补；补偿make up ones mind 下决心；决定make an effort to / make efforts to 努力；尽力make oneself heard 让自己被别人听到make good sense / no sense 有意义/没意义make fun of 嘲笑；取笑be made up of 由组成/构成make tea/coffee 泡茶

10、/泡咖啡make a living 某人make a difference 有影响；有关系make full use of 充分利用make excuses 超借口；辩解make a contribution to 为做贡献make a complaint 提出投诉make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象6. putput away 放好；收起来put aside 放在一边；暂时不做；留出put back 放回原处put down 放下；拒绝；写下来put forward 提出(计划、建议等)put off 推迟；延期；脱掉(衣服等)put into us

11、e 投入使用put on 穿上；上演put out 扑灭；吹灭put up 举起；张贴put up with 忍受；忍耐put ones heart into 全心全意投入put in prison 投入监狱put on weight 增肥put through 做完；完成；接通电话(=get through)7. take take away 拿走；带走take back 拿回来take A for B 把A误认为是B take part in 参加take advantage of 利用take care of 照顾take charge of 负责；管理take a chance 碰运气

12、take hold of 抓住；掌握take notice of 留心；注意take the opportunity of 抓住机会take the place of 代替take the risk of 冒的险take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据(时间、地方等)；从事于take in 吸收；欺骗take in turn 依次take a shower 冲凉take pride in = be proud of 为感到骄傲8. turn turn against 背叛；反对turn around 转身；转过来turn up 调大声；出现turn down 调小声；拒绝turn on

13、 打开turn off 关掉turninto 把变成turn in 上交(=hand in)turn out to be 结果是；结局是turn over 翻动；翻过turn to 转向；求助于turn right/left 右转/左转turn away 解雇；把打发走turn back 折回9. get get accustomed to 习惯于get across 度过；通过；说服；使理解get ahead of 胜过；超过get on/along well with 与相处融洽get away with侥幸逃脱；避免受罚get away from 拜托get back 取回；回来；报复g

14、et down to 认真对待；静下心来get familiar with 熟悉get hold of 获得；取得get into trouble 陷入麻烦get into bad habits 染上恶习get off 下车get on 上车get out of 从出来get over 越过；克服get ready for 为作准备get rid of 除去；去掉；免除；摆脱get through 通过；及格；接通get together 积聚；积累get up 起床；起立get used to 习惯于考点练透一、短语翻译 根据句意将下列句子划线部分的英文翻译成中文。1. Striking a

15、 proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well. (翻译：_)2. They cant teach children learning, let alone offering their psychological and moral education. (翻译：_)3. So the whole society should pay special attention to this social phenomenon. (翻译：_)4. It is

16、 a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal is served. (翻译：_)5. Some people say that the key to success is the luck, so they never work hard and of course can only envy others success. (翻译：_)6. Just as the famous saying by Einstein goes, success is 99% of hard work and 1% of

17、the fortune. (翻译：_)7. Therefore, I wish all of us achieve success through our hard work! (翻译：_)8. Besides, studying abroad can not only broaden their horizons but also deepen their understanding of the culture and customs in that country. (翻译：_)9. However I think it difficult for them to adapt to th

18、e new environment. (翻译：_)10. So it would be better to go abroad after they have finished their college at home, when they are more capable of learning and living on their own. (翻译：_)11. As you know, we Chinese take pride in our original hair color and we are fine with it. (翻译：_)12. In my opinion, th

19、ose with different hair colors, turning a blind eye to school rules, are not worth learning from because they just want to make themselves noticed. (翻译：_)13. It is known to us that nowadays middle school students are diligent in their studies for the prosperous future of their motherland. (翻译：_)14.

20、No pain, no gains. Therefore Id like to say to those whod like to cheat in exams, “Get down to work now and dont cheat yourself any more.” (翻译：_)15. Thousands of trees have been cut down per year, so in return soil is becoming more and more barren (贫瘠的), and meanwhile, the air is getting worse and w

21、orse. (翻译：_)16. We are supposed to live harmonious with nature. (翻译：_)17. I am writing you a letter in order to apply for a position in your company. (翻译：_)18. Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help other people. (翻译：_)19. My own experience can al

22、so well illustrate the importance of praise. (翻译：_)20. I began to put my heart into study, listening attentively in class and finishing my homework on time. (翻译：_)21. I strongly suggest that all of us try to spot others strong points and not be mean with our praise. (翻译：_)二、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单

23、词或括号内单词的正确形式。Qiao is a sixth-grader at Yuhui Primary School. He is only 12 years old 1 has been smoking for three years. Liu, 15, is 2 Junior 2 student at Chicheng No. 2 Middle School. He 3 (begin) smoking four years ago. “Smoking is part of my life,” Liu said. Qiao and Liu are not those boys real n

24、ames. But their problem, smoking, is a very real problem. In many countries, smoking 4 (become) a bigger problem for young people. Most smokers start in their teens (years of a persons age from 13 to 19) or 5 (early).A study of 8,000 Beijing students last May told us that smoking is a problem for ma

25、ny Chinese kids. More than 21% of middle school students and 6% of primary school pupils said 6 smoked.“ 7 young people start smoking early, they will probably get addicted 8 nicotine. And it will be very hard to give up later on,” said a professor.Every year, about four million people die because o

26、f smoking. And if people keep smoking, that number 9 (go) up to about ten million a year by 2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) says. 10 we have to learn and tell others about the dangers of smoking.助读词汇teens n. 十几岁 addicted adj. 上瘾的nicotine n. 尼古丁 go up to 上升到 primary school 小学 World Health O

27、rganization 世界卫生组织三、佳作欣赏 下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，其中也包含有动词或动词短语，用心体会其用法。Dear editor, From the questionnaires we have received, we can find the fact that less families are satisfied with the relationship between children and their parents. Only 30% parents are satisfied with their relatio

28、nship with their children, for their children are considerate to others, diligent and easy to communicate with, and above all, they are honest and respect their parents. The democratic atmosphere of the family and the time parents spent communicating with them contribute to this. However, about 70%

29、parents are unsatisfied with their relationship with their children, saying that their children are selfish and difficult to communicate with. Whats worse, they sometimes tell lies and dont form a good habit in life and study. The reasons are as follows: they are too busy to communicate with their c

30、hildren and instruct them in doing everything and the society has a great influence on them. It is clear that parents should spare more time communicating with their children however busy they are. Yours Lihua 参考答案考点练透一、短语翻译1. 在学习和休息之间取得适当的平衡 2. 更别提/更别说 3. 特别注意 4. 饭前 5. 成功的关键；妒忌别人的成功 6. 成功是99%的努力加上1

31、%的运气 7. 取得成功 8. 开阔视野 9. 适应新环境 10. 更有能力自己学习和生活 11. 为感到自豪 12. 对视而不见 13. 为了祖国的繁荣昌盛 14. 开始认真学习吧 15. 反过来/作为回报 16. 应该 17. 申请 18. 总是乐于助人 19. 说明表扬的重要性 20. 全心投入学习 21. 我强烈建议；发现别人的优点，不要吝啬我们的赞美二、语法填空本文主要讲述我国中小学生吸烟的问题和现状。1. but 根据He is only 12 years old可知，此处显然存在一个转折关系，故填but。2. a 不定冠词的基本用法，在此意为“一个”。3. began 根据空后的

32、four years ago可知用一般过去式。4. is becoming 此句是问题的现状，故用现在进行时。5. earlier 根据前面的in their teens可知，此处存在隐形比较级。6. they 缺少主语填代词。they在此指代前面的21% of middle school students and 6% of primary school pupils。7. If 空后是两个分句，故填连接词。再根据句意，此处明显存在一个表条件的关系，故填If引导条件状语从句。注意首字母要大写。8. to 固定搭配get addicted to意为“对上瘾”。9. will go 根据前面的条件状语从句if people keep smoking可知，此处用一般将来时。习惯句型: If ., will意为“如果，将”。10. So 根据上下语境，此处显然存在一个表“所以”的意思。So是个表因果关系的并列连词。