2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习 数词（含解析）.doc

1、数词重难点分析数词是用来表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分为基数词和序数词两种。基数词功能作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语读法三要点基数词119, 2029, 整十位数和hundred, thousand, million, billion会读个、十、百位数由右向左每三位数前的逗号分别读作thousand, million和billion，逗号之间的按百位以内的数读注意表示“几百”、“几千”时，hundred, thousand等词不加-shundred, thousand等词为复数时作名词，表示“数量很多”的意思序数词构成一般的基数词后加-th，多位数的基数词只变最后一位。如：tententh,

2、one thousand two hundred and thirtyone thousand two hundred and thirtieth整几十的基数词，去掉词尾的y再加ieth，如：fortyfortieth几个不规则词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth功能作定语(前面要加定冠词the)；年、月、日中的日；表示“第几”时；分数中的分母一、基数词：表示数量的词为基数词，它的构成如下表范围特点实例112无规律one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, te

3、n, eleven, twelve1319以-teen为结尾thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090以-ty结尾twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2199十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine101999百位和十位之间通常用andthree hundred and twenty-five (美国英语中常将and省略)千以上6275 six tho

4、usand two hundred and seventy-five; 1200 twelve hundred二、序数词：表示数目顺序的词为序数词，它的构成如下表范围特点实例119各基数词尾加-th其中7个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。其余，如：fourth, sixth, nineteenth20, 3090把-y变-i后加-ethtwentieth, fortieth, ninetieth21以后多位数最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词21st twenty-first, 110th one hundred an

5、d tenth三、数词的用法1. 英语中年月日、钟点、序数词、分数词、编号、算式表示法列表汉语示例英语表示法时间表达2001年6月30日June 30, 2001 / June 30th, 2001 / 30 June, 2001 / 30th June, 2001七点二十五分(7:25)seven twenty-five / twenty-five past seven十二点五十四分(12:54)twelve fifty-four / six to one九点十五分(9:15)nine fifteen / a quarter past nine两点半(2:30)two thirty / ha

6、lf past two二十一点五十分(21:50)twenty-one fifty / ten to twenty-two数字表达第二十一twenty-first第一百二十三one hundred and twenty-third二分之一；四分之一；五分之四a half; one fourth; four-fifths (分子大于1时，在分母序数词后加-s)二又五分之二two and two-fifths百分之二十20 percent编号表达第七路公共汽车Bus number 7 / Bus No. 7第201号房间Room 201人民路153号153 Renmin Road第三中学No. 3

7、 Middle School算式表达4+8=12Four plus eight is twelve.11-7=4Eleven minus seven is four.65=30Six times five is thirty.205=4Twenty divided by five is four.ABA is more than B.ABA is less than B.ABA is approximately equal to B.ABA is not equal to B.2. 约数表示法列表含义英语表达例句大于more thanHe has lived here for more tha

8、n twenty years. 他已经在这里住了20多年了。over She is over fifty. 她50多岁了。or moreThere are thirty people or more in the meeting-room. 会议室里有30多人。小于less thanI have less than (no more than) fifty dollars. 我有不到50美元。underChildren under seven are not allowed to enter. 7岁以下的儿童不许入内。belowHe would not sell it for below a

9、hundred fifty dollars. 低于150美元，他是不会卖掉它的。or lessThe coat might cost him sixty dollars or less. 这件外套花了他60美元或少一些。大约nearlyShe is nearly sixty now. 她近60岁了。almostIts almost three oclock. 差不多3点钟了。up toUp to ten men can sleep in this tent. 这个帐篷可以睡近10人。orHe spent four or five days writing the article. 他花了四、五

10、天的时间写这篇文章。or soThe distance is twenty miles or so. 距离是20英里左右。aboutI visited the village about three years ago. 大约3年前，我访问过那个村子。someTheir team has some four or five players. 他们队大约有四、五个选手。more or lessThe container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water. 这个容器大约可以装20磅水。around/roundLets make it arou

11、nd/round eight oclock. 那我们就定在8点钟左右吧。3. 不定数量词“多”的表示法列表被修饰名词的数英语表达汉译修饰可数名词dozens of几十；许多scores of许多a number of, many, a good/great many(修饰复数可数名词), many a(修饰可数名词单数)许多；大量hundreds of数以百计thousands of成千上万millions of数百万billions of亿万修饰不可数名词much, a great deal of, a large amount of, large amounts of许多；大量修饰可数名词

12、或不可数名词a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of许多；大量考点练透一、完成句子 根据句意将括号内的汉语译成英语。1. It is not rare _ (在九十年代) that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. 2. _ (五分之三) of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass. 3. Americans e

13、at _ (两倍多的) as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.4. The earth is _ (49倍) the size of the moon.5. The grain output of this year is _ (高8%) than that of last year.6. _ (几百万) people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.7. The hero of the story is an artist _ (三十多岁

14、).8. Mr. Smith asked me to buy _ (两打) eggs for the dinner. 9. Tell me where you live, please. I live _ (在和平路123号).10. About _ (三千人) took part in the demonstration against the war on Iraq.11. The rice production has _ (增加了5.8%) this year.12. There were fifteen presidents before Abraham Lincoln, so he

15、 was _ (第十六任) president.13. It will take me _ (一年半的时间) to finish the course. 14. Is the Yellow River _ (第二大河) in China?15. _ (开始的三个部分) of the text are rather difficult for us beginners.16. I will stay here for _ (一两天).17. He lived in _ (五楼506房).18. The class was over. The students went out of the cl

16、assroom _ (三三两两地).二、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据括号内的汉语提示用适当的数词填空。Have you ever seen 1 (一个) chimpanzee (黑猩猩) in a zoo? If not, better run and see one. Why? Because they are in danger and there may soon be none left. Chimpanzees were once found in 2 (许多) African countries. But, a United Nations report said

17、last week that they are disappearing from some countries fast. In Senegal, for example, there are only 3 (两百) left. There used to be 4 (几千). Chimpanzees are a kind of great ape. There are three other kinds of great ape: gorillas, gibbons and orangutans, which are all in danger.There are about 5 (四十万

18、) great apes in the world. “They all face extinction, some soon, others within 6 (五十五年),” says Klaus Topers, head of the UN Environment Programme.“Over 7 (百分之九十六) of great apes DNA is like ours. If we lose them, we will destroy a part of ourselves,” says Klaus. Why are chimpanzees in danger and how

19、can we save them? Thats because of human. We are killing them and destroying the forests where they live. According to the UN report 8 (数以千计) chimpanzees die each year because of humans. Some people kill them for money. But 9 (三分之二) of them die after humans cut down the forests where they live, whic

20、h means great apes have no place to live and no food to eat. Last week, scientists from 10 (四分之三的) the countries of the world met in Paris, France, and made a report telling countries how to protect apes.三、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Hot Springs in ChangbaishanChangbaishan is a famous natu

21、re reserve, most of which is covered with thick forest. It is home to a great diversity of plants and animals. 1 the rare animals are cranes (鹤), black bears, leopards (豹) and Siberian tigers. The most popular attraction in the reserve is Tianchi 2 you can enjoy the sight of the crystal clear waters

22、 and the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.When you 3 (finish) your visit to Tianchi, dont rush away. There are plenty of other things to see and do in Changbaishan. For example, you can relax in the nearby hot springs. There are many pools 4 (heat) by hot water out of t

23、he ground. Whats more, you can find water is heated by boiling rocks in the ground. 5 you are hungry, put an egg into the water. 6 a few minutes, you can have 7 delicious egg. There are so many hot springs, 13 pools in 1,000 square meters area, that you can choose 8 you like best. Some pools are ver

24、y hot (over 60), but 9 are very pleasant for bathing.Staying in the pools can not only help you refresh yourself but also be good for health. It is a great 10 (enjoy) to bathe in hot springs and admire the beautiful scenery.助读词汇refresh vt. 使精神振作 nature reserve 自然保护区thick forest 茂密的森林 be home to 是的所在

25、地a great diversity of 各种各样的 Siberian tiger 东北虎crystal clear 完全透明的 mountain peak 山峰hot spring 温泉 admire the beautiful scenery 欣赏美丽的风景参考答案考点练透一、完成句子1. in the 1990s 2. Three fifths 3. more than twice 4. 49 times 5. 8 percent higher 6. Several million 7. in his thirties 8. two dozen 9. at 123 Heping Roa

26、d 10. three thousand people 11. increased by five point eight percent 12. the sixteenth 13. one and a half years time 14. the second largest 15. The first three parts 16. one or two days 17. Room 506 on the fifth floor 18. in twos and threes二、语篇填空1. a/one 2. many / a great number of 3. two hundred 4

27、. several thousand 5. four hundred thousand 6. fifty-five years 7. ninety-six percent 8. thousands of 9. two-thirds 10. three-fourths of / three quarters of三、语法填空文章简要介绍长白山自然保护区的迷人风景以及温泉。1. Among 常用句型：amongis/are意为“在之中有”，是个倒装句型。2. where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词Tianchi，where在从句中作状语。3. have finished 根据后面的dont rush

28、 away可知，finish在此先发生，与rush away存在先后关系，故用现在完成时最佳。4. heated 根据空后的by可知填过去分词，此处是过去分词短语作后置定语。5. If 空后是两个分句，故此处填连接词。根据句意和逻辑，两句间存在条件关系。故填If引导条件状语从句。注意首字母要大写。6. After 分析句子成分可知，此短语单独存在且在句中不作主语、宾语和表语，故肯定是填介词。根据句意可知，此处指几分钟之后，故填After。注意首字母要大写。7. a 不定冠词的基本用法，意为“一个/只”。8. one 此处one作代词，指13 pools中的一个。9. others 前面是Some可知故此处填others(作代词，指其他温池)。Someothers是常用句型。10. enjoyment 形容词修饰名词。enjoyment在此意为“享受、乐趣”。