广东省深圳市某发展有限公司2015届高考英语二轮（原创版）复习课件：完形填空--高效解题密招PPT.ppt

1、高效解题秘招根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题研究，我们归纳了一些实用的解题方法。所有例证尽可能采用广东高考真题，但因20112014年的高考题已在“高考真题研练”中出现了，此处不再重复。(一)上下求索寻信息因为答案信息点有的在空格前，有的在空格后，有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合考虑或相互印证。有时，还要根据上、下文提供的信息，结合常识，进行适当的逻辑推理，才可得出正确答案。不管题目有多难，都一定能在上下文中找到线索。例1 The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors,27 who w

2、ere getting off the bus should get off first，and students who were getting on should get on 28 .(2010广东)27.A.parents B.students C.teachers D.drivers28.A.sooner B.later C.faster D.earlier解析：27题的答案信息点在空格后的and students who中，关键词是students，故选B。28题的答案信息点在空格前，关键词是first，与first相对应是later，故选B。例2One afternoon，I

3、was out exploringand saw a new kind of cactus(仙人掌).I crouched(蹲)down for a closer look.“Youd better not 47 that.”I turned around to see an old woman “Would you like to come to my home tomorrow?Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.”(湖南)A.break B.pick C.pull D.touch解析：此题若

4、不读到文章最后一句的最后一个单词，很难确定填touch，选D。2.左顾右盼找搭配例3On April 12，1888，Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and(2009广东)A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judged解析：四个选项中，能与后面for搭配的，只有mistook，即mistake A for B(误以为A是B)，故选C。例4Nobel arranged in his will to give the

5、 largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who(2009广东)A.establish B.form C.develop D.promote解析：根据动宾搭配，在四个选项中，能与名词the Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖)搭配的，只有establish(设立)，即“设立诺贝尔奖”，故选A。用他的大部分钱去“构成/开发/促进”诺贝尔奖，是讲不通的。3.思前想后通全文有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入空格中都不错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来

6、理解，就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中讲得通，而且要在全文中也讲得通，即贯通全文。例5Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contri

7、butions解析：若单独看空格处，选项B、C、D都可以填，make great sacrifices“作出巨大牺牲”，make great changes“发生巨大变化”,make great contributions“作出巨大贡献”；从文章内容或常识来看，诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业“作出过巨大贡献”的人，故只能选D。例6Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining，construction,and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸药)the

8、 article read.“Dr.Alfred Nobel，who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.”Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money toA.famous B.sick C.rich D.popular解析：若单独看空前的became，填四个选项都没有语法错误,但是由前文中的became a millionaire和后文give the largest par

9、t of his money可知,rich为最佳答案，故选C。(一)通读全文，理解大意重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解短文大意，这是解题的基础。这一步非常重要，万万不可忽视。(二)瞻前顾后，初选答案在理解短文大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，与前后词语的习惯搭配，特别是上下文的意义衔接等，初选答案。可以先解决那些自己有把握的问题，对少数难题，暂时跳过，在上文中难以判断的题或许在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了，一个在前面不能解答的题或许在填出了另一空后考生就会豁然开朗。(三)复读全文，解决残敌借助已经补全的空格，我们已对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决遗留的个别难题

10、。(四)再次复读，弥补疏漏全部做好后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。根据广东高考完形填空题的特点，只要了解上述三个原则，遵循四个步骤，灵活运用以下五个技巧，任何完形难题都可得到顺利解决。希望考生一定要理解、掌握以下五个技巧。(一)词语同现某些因语义相关联或搭配相关联的词语在语篇中有共同出现的倾向性，叫词语同现，也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等，如different与same;cruel与friendly;death(死亡)与destruction(毁灭);ill与pale，patient,nurse，doctor，opera

11、tion等。一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题，与此相关的词就可能会共同出现，以实现语篇衔接。如2011年广东高考完形填空的短文，是围绕“把优生从普通班里分离出去会带来严重问题”这一主题展开的，涉及这一主题的可能有“普通班”“特殊班”“优生”“普通生”，以及“学校”“老师”“学习”等等,因此，special,gifted，intelligent，top，regular，average，school，classes,teachers，children，learning这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。了解词语同现，对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。请运用词语同现的技巧，解答以下高考真题

12、，并说明正确选项与哪些词同现。1.(2010广东)You have to push the door with the word“PUSH”to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word“PULL”to _ the building.A.enter B.leave C.open D.closeA 因有push(推)就有pull(拉)，有go out of(出去)就会有enter(进入)，这就是词语同现。2.(2010广东)When I first came to America，I noticed that a publ

13、ic building had two different doors and they had distinct functionsThis was new to me,because we use the _ door in South Korea A.main B.same C.front D.backB 美国的门与韩国的门进行对比，same与different相对，是词语同现。3.(2010广东)The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors，students who were g

14、etting off the bus should get off first，and students who were getting on should get on _.A.sooner B.later C.faster D.earlierB 因与first同现的应是later。4.(2009广东)To make sure that he was remembered with love and respect,Nobel arranged in his _ to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel pri

15、zes，Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.A.book B.article C.will D.contractC 与die(死)，arrange(安排后事)同现的应当是will(遗嘱)。5.(2008广东)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows _ and pale A.sick B.slim C.short D.smallA 与pale同现的单词，应是sick。(二)词语复现词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现

16、。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现(包括与近义词的同根词复现，如ill与sickness)、上下义复现(即总括与分述，如animal 是sheep，tiger，wolf等的上义词；rose 是flower 的下义词)、反义复现（如wrong与not right）等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段，有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。请运用词语复现的技巧，解答以下高考真题，并指出正确选项与哪个词是何种类别的复现。1.(2010广东)Every country has its own culture.Even though

17、each country uses doors.Doors may have _ functions and purposes which lead to _ differences.When I first came to America,I noticed that a public building had two different _ and they had distinct functions.A.different B.important C.practical D.unusual A.national B.embarrassing C.cultural D.amazing A

18、.exits B.entrances C.signs D.doorsA C D 选A，与后面的differences是同根词复现；选C，与首句中的culture也是同根词复现；选D，与前段中的doors是原词复现。2.(2008广东)There were many ways to prevent this from happening:hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommende

19、d _.A.cases B.tools C.steps D.methodsD 因methods与前面的ways是同义词复现。3.(2007广东)Wouldnt it be great if we didnt have to remember passwords ever again?Crave mentions how NECSoftBiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows,rather than using a _.A.faceB.passwordC.softwareD.system

20、B 与首句中的passwords是原词复现。4.Have I given my readers all of the 63 _,that is,facts,opinions,inferences that they need in order to understand my main idea?A.angles B.evidence C.informationD.hintsC 因information与后面的facts,opinions,inferences属上下义复现。5.I stopped and dropped all the coins into his hat,and he smi

21、led at me,I watched for a while But nothing happened.Disappointedly,I walked off.“It proved to be a waste of _,”I thought.A.words B.effort C.space D.moneyD 因money与前面的coins属上下义复现。（三）逻辑推断根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案，逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。自2007年以来的广东高考完形填空题来看，最多的是利用因果关系来推断正确答案。请运用逻辑推断，解答以下

22、试题，并指出正确选项是根据什么逻辑关系推断出来的。1.(2008广东)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost _to the parents.A.uncomfortableB.unbelievableC.unacceptable D.unrecognizableD 因changed so much，结果父母“认不出来”了。(that 引导结果状语从句)2.(2009广东)Nobel was _to find out not

23、that he had died，but that，when his time was up，he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction.A.upsetB.anxiousC.excitedD.pleasedA 因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造死亡获取利润的人，所以他感到“伤心难过”。(在表示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因)3.(2007广东)If the system _ to recognize your face,you can recall the Windows user na

24、me and password by using a hot-key combination.A.begins B.tries C.fails D.stopsC 由果推因。由下文“调出窗口用户名和密码”可知，应是在“系统不能识别你的脸”的时候。4.My latest victim is an energetic student.After school,he played football hard for two hours.Though _,he still went to the cinema.A.excited B.hurt C.late D.tired D 由让步关系可知，尽管很“累

25、”，他还是去了电影院。若根据前文和常识适当推理，就可进一步确认答案了：因为使劲地踢了两个小时的足球，所以他累了。5.He was regarded to be one of the five greatest football players in the world.However,ten years ago,he was only an _ young player.A.experienced B.ordinary C.ambitious D.imaginableB 由表示转折的副词however可知，选ordinary(普通的)与前面的greatest(伟大的)相对。将文段意思和我们原有

26、的生活经验、文化背景知识以及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有 背景常识，仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。请运用背景常识，进行适当推理，解答以下高考试题。(四)背景常识1.(2010广东)In South Korea,we do not need to wait for people to get off.One morning,I hurried to the bus,and when the bus doors opened,I _ tried to get on the school bus through t

27、he front door.A.politely B.patiently C.unconsciouslyD.slowlyC 由前文可知，因韩国不必等别人下了车再上，作者当时是初来美国的韩国人，在韩国土生土长，由常识“习惯成自然”可知，作者早已习惯不等别人先下了再上车，所以看到校车将门打开后，就“无意识地，不知不觉地”上车了。2.(2010广东)All the students around looked at me,I was totally _,and my face went red.A.embarrassedB.annoyed C.unsatisfied D.excitedA 根据常识，

28、周围所有的人都看着作者，作者一定会“感到尴尬”。3.(2009广东)the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great _ to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributionsD 根据常识，奖金应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业作出过巨大“贡献”的人，make contributions to对作出贡献。4.(2007广东)After doing a little r

29、esearch,I found this type of technology already available in English to consumers via a relatively _ application called FaceCode.A.independentB.infrequentC.inexpensiveD.instantC 根据常识“天下没有免费的午餐”，要得到某物就可能需要花钱，花钱就涉及物品的贵还是便宜。主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。广东高考完形填空中主要考查动宾搭配。能不能搭配，除涉及词语的用法外，还需结合常识来判断。请运用前后搭配习惯，解答

30、以下高考试题。(五)前后搭配1.(2009广东)On April 12，1888，Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper _his brother for him and A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judgedC 根据动介搭配，能与后面的介词for搭配的，只有mistook。(注：这类题是极少考查的，八年仅此一题)2.(2009广东)Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his mone

31、y to _ the Nobel prizes，A.establishB.formC.developD.promoteA 根据动宾搭配，应是“设立诺贝尔奖”，即establish the Nobel prizes。温馨提示：完形填空中，有的题既可以用这种技巧解答，又可用那种技巧来解答，也有的可能要结合两种或多种技巧才能解答。其中，词语复现、词语同现和根据背景常识进行逻辑推断是最重要的三个解题策略。但不论什么方法，都得在空格前后，或上下文中寻找信息。但是，所有的方法或技巧都是一种辅助作用，都必须建立在扎实的语言基础之上。如果词汇不过关，句子理不顺，篇章意义不理解，任何方法或技巧都将无济于事。特别提醒：我们说词语复现对解答完形填空非常有用，但并不意味着与文章中出现的词语复现的选项就是正确答案。我们必须明确，作者运用词语复现的手段，其目的是使语义衔接、语篇连贯。我们使用此技巧解题时，一定要注意上下文意义的关联或衔接，否则，就会出错。因为命题人往往会设置一些与文中词语复现的错误选项，我们千万不要掉入陷阱。