广东省深圳市某发展有限公司2015届高考英语二轮（精华版）复习课件：语法填空-高效解题秘招.ppt

1、高效解题密招(一)通读全文，了解大意既然是利用短文在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前一定要快速浏览短文,了解全文大意。这一步非常重要。四个解题步骤(二)分析语境，试填答案读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文)去填空。具体注意以下几点：1.从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词在句中作何种句子成分，从而推断出它的词性，如缺主语或宾语，填词应为代词。2.根据句子意义的完整性，去确定填一个表示什么意义的代词、冠词或介词等。3.根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填哪个关联词。具体方法见“解题思路大全”。(三)重读全文，解决难题在大部分空格填好后，再仔细推敲难题，此时难题也就

2、不再难了。(四)复原短文，检查核对所有空格填好后，将答案放入原文，把整篇文章从头至尾再复读一遍进行核查。解题思路大全解答语法填空的基本功是懂得句子的结构分析，善于把握上下句之间的逻辑关系。以下按命题形式和考点类型的不同探讨解题思路和解题技巧。(一)纯空格题的解题技巧是指“在空格处填入一个适当的词”这类题，这类题通常只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。那么什么情况下填代词？何时填冠词？何时填关联词？何时填介词呢？因为作主语或宾语的是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格题一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填人称代词。此时，要根据语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数；还

3、有可能是填形式主语或形式宾语it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句；也有可能是填不定代词等。1.人称代词当句子缺主语或宾语时，填人称代词例1(2014)Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said 16 _ was a wonderful holiday destination.解析：在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami，填it。it例2(2012)“Do you need those

4、glasses for medical reasons?”the teacher asked“Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class”The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.Then he took 25 _off,gave a big smile and said,“That is cool.”解析：因took off(脱下)缺少宾语，应填代词；根

5、据上文“Do you need those glasses?”“Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them”，可知应填替代those glasses的them。them例3(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk，but after some minutes 22 _ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.解析：因but后的并列句中缺主语，应填代词；根据语境，不难推出，走开并坐到“我”附近的应是他后面的那些人,即other

6、 people,指人，是复数，作主语，应当填they。they例4(2010)He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like 38 _?”解析：因及物动词like(喜欢)后缺宾语，应填代词；指前面提到的“水(the water)”，用it。it是指冠词、形容词性物主代词，或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时，要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义，由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指，大体相当于汉语的“这、这些、那、那些”时用the；表示“一(个，本，座)”时用不定冠词；表示“某人的或某物的”，用物主代词

7、；表示“一些”用some，表示“另一个”用another，表示“其他的”用other等。2.限定词在名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词限定词例5(2014)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23 _top floor.解析：特指“在顶楼(on the top floor)”。the例6(2013)In the beginning,there was only 24 _very small amount of unfairness in the worlda解析：在“形容词+名词(small amount

8、)”前一定是填限定词；因a small amount of(很少量的)是固定词组，故填a。顺便提提，a large amount of意为“大量的”，后通常接不可数名词。例7(2010)A young man，while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water.31 _ water was sweet.The解析：在名词前应填限定语；特指前面提到的clear water，相当于“这”种清泉，故填The。例8(2010)The young man went home with a happy heart.Aft

9、er the student left，the teacher let 36_ student taste the water.another解析：作let宾语的名词前，应填限定词；相对于送水的这个学生(the student)来说，应是给他的“另外一个”学生尝一尝，故填another。例9(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(9601279)was very anxious to help 33 _rice crop grow up quickly.his解析：在作宾语的名词前，应当填限定词；由句意和常识

10、可知，这个急性子的人急于使“他自己的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。例10(2007)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35_ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.a解析：作宾语的名词small town前应填限定语；由句意可知，此处指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的“一个小镇”去修，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，small以辅音开头，故填a。3.介词当空格后的名词或动名词不是作主语、表语也不是作动

11、词的宾语时，应为介词的宾语，故填介词此时，要根据搭配的需要或句意的需要，如动词与介词的搭配，介词与后面名词的搭配等来确定填具体哪个介词。例11(2014)I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21 _ the reservation.解析：因chargefor(为收费)是习惯搭配，故填for。for例12(2013)The only reason a man would sell salt 21 _a lower price would be because he

12、 was desperate for money.at解析：a lower price这个名词短语在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，应是作介词的宾语，因此，应填介词；表示“以”某种价格,用介词at。例13(2013)And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 _ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.for解析：因show respect for sb./sth.

13、(尊重)是固短语，填for。例14(2012)The new boy looked at the teacher 23_ a few seconds andfor解析：表示某个动作或某种状语延续了多久，用“for+时间段”，故填for。4.关联词当空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，填关联词具体填哪个关联词，由两句之间的逻辑关系来决定。有时空格前后是对等的两个词或词组时，也可能是填表示联合、选择、转折、对比、因果等的并列连词。例15(2014)our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,19 _ for the week after.解析：

14、因notbut(不是而是)是固定句型，意为“预订的不是那周，而是之后的那一周”。but例16(2014)I didnt understand 20 _ this would happen解析：引导宾语从句，表示这件事发生的原因，故填why。why例17(2014)The next day,my brother and I went to the beach,24 _ we watched some people play volleyball.解析：先行词是地点the beach且在定语从句中作状语，故填where(=on which=and on the beach=and there)引导

15、定语从句。where例18(2013)Nicks guests,20 _had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.who解析：主句是Nicks guests asked；显然，Nicks guests与asked之间是一个起补充说明作用的非限制性定语从句，先行词是人(Nicks guests)，并在定语从句中作主语，故填who。例19(2013)Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price

16、 for it:neither too much 17 _ too little.nor解析：因neithernor是固定搭配，故填nor。例20(2012)all the other students wondered 24 _ the boy would do.what解析：因all the other students wondered与the boy would do是两个句子，两者之间没有关联词，应填关联词；在动词wondered后应是宾语从句；从句中do又缺宾语，故填连接代词what。例21(2012)Of course whenever they turned to look a

17、t him,they had to look at Mary,22 _ made her feel like a star.which解析：指代前面整句话的意思，又在句中作主语，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。例22(2011)My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17_ the bus arrived.until解析：表示“直到”用until，引导时间状语从句。例23(2008)One day，he came up with an idea 35 _ he would pluck up all of his

18、crop a few inches.that解析：空格后是同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容；从句的结构和意义已非常完整，故用that。(二)给词题的解题技巧是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题，通常考查谓语动词（时态、被动语态、语气、主谓一致）、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转化等四种情况。1.谓语动词当句子缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态，还要考虑主谓一致，以及是否要用虚拟语气。例24(2014)We 18 _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been r

19、eserved for that week解析：由tell sb.sth.这一句型可知，句中tell后没有别的人作宾语，可知用被动语态；又由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时；主谓是we，构成被动语态的be用were，故填were told。were told例25(2013)Suddenly,he 16 _(find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son.found解析：在主格人称代词he后，that引导的宾语从句之前，find应是谓语动词；由上文的invited和下文的called可判断find应用一般过去时，故填found

20、。例26(2012)He walked in as if he 17 _(buy)the school.had bought解析：因在主格he后，buy一定是谓语动词；又由as if(好像)及语境可知，要用虚拟语气；与过去事实相反，故填had bought。例27(2008)Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40_ (result)in the contrary to our intention.results解析：句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，resu

21、lt应是谓语动词；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。2.非谓语动词当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如:作主语或宾语，就用动名词(一般，习惯）或不定式形式（具体）；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用动词不定式；作伴随状语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；作定语，视情况选用现在分词(主动)、过去分词(被动)、不定式(如have sth.to do有事要做)，序数词后用不定式等;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如se

22、e/hear/notice sb.do/doing sth.，spend doing sth.等。例28(2013)but everyone added a little,always 25 _(think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.thinking解析：因主句中已有谓语动词added，而added与think之间又没有连词，故think应为非谓语动词；everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语thinking作added的伴随状语。例29

23、(2012)He suddenly appeared in class one day,16 _(wear)sun glasses.wearing解析：因句中已有谓语appeared，而wear前又没有并列连词，故wear应为非谓语动词；又因“突然出现在班里”与“戴着眼镜”是同时发生的，he与wear又是主动关系，故用现在分词短语，作伴随状语，故填wearing。例30(2011)I noticed a man 18 _ _(sit)at the front.sitting解析：已有谓语动词noticed，且sit前没有并列连词，因此，sit是非谓语动词；由固定句式notice sb.doin

24、g/do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知，填sitting或sit，但我们认为，根据文中提供的情境，不难推出，作者“注意到”时，那个人是“正坐在”作者前面的，故填sitting更准确、更切实际，也更生动。例31(2009)She wished that he was as easy 32 _(please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.to please解析：因句中已有谓语was easy(系动词加表语构成谓语)，动词please(使高兴)应为非谓语动词；在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填to pleas

25、e。要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than的隐性比较级。3.比较等级当括号中所给词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)例32(2014)We had made our reservation six months 17 _(early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.解析：在句中作状语，依然用副词；不变词性，可考虑用比较级；由时态had made，可知是“早在六个月前”就订好了，故填earlier。earlier例33(2012)It might have made

26、 it a little 21_(hard)for everybodyharder解析：因made it后作宾补，要用形容词；而hard作“困难的”解本身就是形容词，所以应考虑用其比较级；又由a little常用来修饰比较级，故填harder。例34(2010)“The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be 39 _ (sweet).”sweeter解析：在be后作表语，用形容词，而括号中所给的sweet正是形容词，因此无需词性转化，可想到用其比较级；由语境可知，这是省略了

27、than the water的隐性比较级，故填sweeter。意思是“什么也不会比这水更甜”，即“这水是世界上最甜的东西”，否定词+比较级形式表示最高级含义。我们可根据以下3点顺利解题：作主语或宾语用名词形式；作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。4.词类转化当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化例35(2014)She was 22 _(surprise)helpful.解析：句中已有作表语的形容词helpful，要用副词来修饰，指“意外地”，填surprisingly。surprisingly例36(2014)We got a

28、 little 25 _ _(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.解析：在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；名词sunburn的形容词形式是sunburnt或sunburned。sunburnt/sunburned解析：在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填。例37(2013)That would be a very 19 _(reason)thing to do in a big cityreasonable例38(2013)But such a small thing couldnt 23 _(possi

29、ble)destroy a village.possibly解析：修饰动词destroy作状语要用副词，注意-ble结尾的形容词，其副词形式是-bly,故填possibly。例39(2012)Mary felt 18 _(please),becausepleased解析：因在系动词后作表语，要用形容词；表示“高兴的”，应填pleased。例40(2009)But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.choice解析：在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词后，一定是用名词形式，故填choice。Thank you！