2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题四 任务型阅读 WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家考情分析命题规律命题预测高考任务型阅读主要考查考生在限定的时间内获取信息、加工处理信息、 综合概括信息和表达信息的能力。相对于阅读理解，它更注重对考生在语言输入的基础上加强语言输出能力的考查，要求对摄取信息进行分析、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进行综合运用，属于综合能力考查题。考题形式主要以表格形和树状形为主，文章体裁主要以议论文和说明文为主，阅读量大。统计数据表明：在近三年的江苏高考任务型阅读中，原词再现题与词义转换归纳题所占的比例较大。1.文章一般在400470词之间。2选材以议论文、说明文为主。3任务型阅读侧重考查语篇分析和文章脉络的剖析，即考查文章的结构和

2、框架。考生要在分析了解文章篇章结构的基础上，认真对照图表上所要完成的任务，逐一对照原文进行信息的筛选。4任务型阅读要求考生不但要掌握具体事实情节，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等，掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想；既要理解文章的含义及逻辑关系，又要根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理，运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题。5大部分题目选择需从全文出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑才能作出判断，体现了“突出语篇”的命题风格。2020年高考任务型阅读将继续坚持在词汇转换、句式转换、段落归纳能力的考查的基础上，加强对考生文章大意、文章结构、提纲和框架的考查。同时会加大对题目信息的寻找难度，考查考

3、生能力的考点会相对增加。学生用书P88一、常用阅读方法1扫读扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，理清其显示的层次关系，明确任务要求。要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。一般题目的结构是：(1)全文的标题：在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。(2)各段大意：试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。(3)对各段大意的详细的阐述：从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。2略读快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即主题句和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本框架结

4、构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。3细读精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、所填单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。4复读填写表格后要通读所填内容，通观全篇，核对文章和任务，确保准确性。二、常用突破方法1阅读文章前观察图表(表格的结构和填空句的结构)认真阅读表格及其中的内容，注意其横向、纵向的类别规律和表达方式

5、。(1)是否有标题/是否需要填标题(利用所给标题了解文章大意)。(2)浏览表格，大致了解文章结构(利用已给信息了解文章主线)。(3)是否需要统一的形式(短语类还是句子类)。2阅读文章后进行填词(1)通览全文，利用表格中的信息提示，准确地在文中找到答案的信息来源。(2)选词要尽可能完整，准确地表达出文中信息(先确定词意，再确定词性，最后确定所选词的适当的词形变化)。动词要注意时态、语态和非谓语形式的变化。名词要注意数和格的变化。形容词、副词要注意各自不同的修饰功能和比较级、最高级。连词要注意行文的逻辑关系。注意字母的大小写。3填词后通读表格(1)再次确保答案与表格内容的一致性。(2)注意语意是否

6、流畅，确保语意和语法两方面都正确。 典例请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colors in the world? Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain color? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.Skin contains something cal

7、led melanin，which determines a persons skin color.The more melanin a person has，the darker his or her skin will be.The amount of and the production of melanin are controlled by genetics，but can be affected by other things，such as sunlight.If a person lives in a place with less sunlight，a persons bod

8、y will produce less melanin，making the skin lighter.Skin color is also affected by another sourcevitaminDHumans all need vitamin D to build bones.People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk，or from sunlight，so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production.Therefore

9、，a darkskinned person will produce less vitamin D than a lightskinned person when they receive the same amount of sunlight.The connection between vitamin D production and skin color is clear when we look at evolution.The earliest humans lived in Africa，and they produced less vitamin D because of the

10、ir dark skin.As a result，their skin made less melanin，so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitaminDTheir skin gradually got lighter.Now，people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa，have darker skin，while people living in other areas have lighter skin.The exception to this is the I

11、nuit，who live in a place with little sunlight，but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitaminDEvolution has given us a rainbow of skin colors.Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin color.What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived.T

12、his has in turn changed our melanin production，and eventually，skin color.A World of Skin ColorBrief1_People living in a particular 2._usually have the same skin color and there are many different skin colors in the world.Reasons for skin colorsThe reasons for different skin colors mainly 3._in biolo

13、gy and history.BiologyreasonsThe amount of melanin，by which a persons skin color is 4._，varies from people to people.The more melanin a person has，the 5._ his or her skin will be.Vitamin D is another source 6._ skin color.Vitamin D is necessary for humans to build bones.Sunlight contributes to vitam

14、in D in the skin.HistoricalreasonsThe earliest people in Africa had dark skin.When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to 7._ vitamin D，their skin color became lighter.Generally speaking，people in areas with strong sunlight，have darker skin 8._ people in other areas have li

15、ghter skin.9._Melanin 10._ an important role in our skin color.With our living environment changing，melanin production is changed，which leads to the changes in our skin color.1审题(1)审题目要求是否可用文中的词填写。弄清字数限制。此任务阅读限定每个空格只填一个词；对是否用文中的词填写没有限制，即可用文中的词。(2)审任务设置类型表格式。(结构常为对比陈述；通常分左右栏，左栏为文章提纲，右栏为文章细节。)此短文设置为表格

16、任务型。左栏为文章提纲：brief introduction，reasons for skin colors，biology reasons, historical reasons，conclusion；右栏为支撑每一topic的细节。树状式。(结构常为先总后分；通常分上下框，上框为topic sentences，下框为supporting sentences。)2阅读 (1)读图表(快速浏览，了解短文的写作提纲。)浏览图表，了解：topic sentence 1details；topic sentence 2details.(2)读短文快读：快速浏览全文，抓住文章主题，同时结合图表，洞悉文章

17、结构。Paragraph 1Topic sentence 1.细读：仔细阅读，获取充分信息，查出答题的对应信息点。第一空Paragraph 1归纳结构类词；第二空对应信息点为why people living_in_particular_areas usually have.。第三空对应信息点为Biology and history are the two reasons for this.要求学会同义转换。第四空对应信息点为which_determines_a persons skin color。第五空对应信息点为.the darker his or her skin will be.。第

18、六空对应信息点为Skin color is also affected_by another sourcevitaminD。第七空对应信息点为.a darkskinned person will produce less.。第八空对应信息点为.have darker skin，while people.。第九空对应信息点为Paragraph 5归纳结构类词。第十空对应信息点为.had melanin to determine our skin color.。3答题 (1)结构类的词：熟记常见结构类词汇。归纳掌握常见的表达文章结构的概括性词汇：introduction(导入)，cause/rea

19、son(原因)，advantage(优点)，disadvantage(不足)，attitude(态度)，result/effect/consequence(结果)，suggestion/advice/tip(建议)，dos和donts等。确定答案。a联系图表左栏的上下栏，确定用词及词的形式。(大小写、单复数、动词ing等)b联系图表左栏与之相对应的右栏的细节，归纳结构类用词和词的形式。(大小写、单复数、动词ing等)(2)细节类的词：明确信息点。细读文章，明确答题的相应信息点在文中的具体位置，确定用词后归纳用词。联系上下前后。a对照短文中的信息点，联系图表右栏的上下栏目，确定用词。(文中原词或

20、归纳的词的形式大小写、单复数、动词ing等)b对照短文中的信息点，联系所填词的前后，确定用词(文中原词或归纳的词)的形式。敲定答案。根据短文信息点，联系填空上下前后，敲定答案。第一空 introduction；第九空conclusion，联系图表上下前后开头字母大写、单数。第二空信息点为areas，联系前后搭配a.故用area。第三空同义转换 arelie in。第四空信息点为.which determines.，联系前后搭配.color is.转换为determined。第五空信息点为.the darker his or her.，故用darker。第六空信息点为.is also affec

21、ted by.，联系前后句子结构故用affecting作后置定语。第七空信息点为.will produce less vitamin.联系前后to.，故用原形produce。第八空信息点为.skin，while people living in other.，故用while。第十空信息点为.had melanin to determine our.联系前后搭配故用plays。4检查 检查单词的拼写、大小写、单复数、时态、语态等。答案1.introduction2.area3.lie4.determined5darker6.affecting7.produce8.while9Conclusion

22、10.plays三、常用训练方法1信息查找题解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记。如：(1)5W and 1H：who，what，when，where，why，how(2)时间先后：first，then，after that，next，finally(3)因果：because，thus，lead to，cause，as a result of(4)比较：similarly，differently，likeness，unlike，alike，common，just as，either.or(5)转折：but，while，however，instead，

23、on the contrary2信息转换题解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。常见的转换方式有：(1)词性转换。即练习将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换等。解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。以2014年高考安徽卷为例：原文：Many young people listen to classical music without realising.转换成表格中：Many young people dont 78._some music they listen to is classical.分析：抓住关键词r

24、ealising，将它转换为动词。答案为realise(realize)/know/recognise (recognize)。原文：Also，some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas：转换成表格中：Classical ideas provide a 79._for producing new music.分析：抓住关键词based，将它转换为名词。答案为basis。原文：.it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a cl

25、assical musician in 1912，but it is now used by young people in pop music.转换成表格中：Young people now 80._ rap in popular music.分析：抓住关键词used，将其被动形式转换为主动形式。答案为use。原文： Nowadays，you dont need to get aching arms from practising.A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of th

26、eir own bedroom.转换成表格中：A young man can write and make music on a computer 82._ in his bedroom.分析：抓住关键词comfort，将其名词形式转换为副词。答案为comfortably。原文：.but when it comes to enjoying classical music，it depends on the piece of music.转换成表格中：Classical music may still be 85._ by young people today.分析：抓住关键词enjoying，

27、将其转换为enjoyed。答案为enjoyed。(2)句子结构转换。做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。以2014年高考安徽卷为例：原文：.if you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority is over the age of fifty.转换成表格中：77._of the audience at a classical concert are over fifty.分析：句中the majoritymost of the audience。答案为Most。原

28、文：A final point to bear in mind is that the term “classical music” is used to refer to a great variety of music，from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队)转换成表格中：“Classical music”can refer to various 83._ of music.分析：根据原文句意可知：古典音乐可以被用来指各种各样的音乐。句中a great variety ofvarious kinds/types/sorts of。答案为k

29、inds/types/sorts。原文：A final point to bear in mind is that the term “classical music” is used to refer to a great variety of music，from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队)转换成表格中： Classical music 84._ from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.分析：根据原文句意可知：古典音乐的范围包含爵士乐到大的管弦乐队。答案为ranges(范围从到变化)。(3)同

30、义词和反义词转换。即练习将一词的反义词找出来。做此类题的技巧如下：以前缀和后缀来表示，例如happyunhappy，likedislike等。例如：原句：She thought her husband was faithful to her.But the discovery shocked her.转换为：The discovery that her husband was_to her was a shocking to her.分析：由原句中的后半句可知Her husband was not faithful to her。因此需要找出一个词和not faithful意义相同的词。答案：

31、unfaithful。有很多词并没有前缀和后缀形式标志，如oldyoung，longshort，differentsame等。例如：原句：He seldom visited his friend Tom after the quarrel last time.转换为：But for the quarrel last time，he would be a _visitor to his friend Tom.分析：仔细分析原句，可知本题关键是找出seldom的反义词，而且能修饰visitor。答案：frequent。以词组形式出现，如：be good atbe weak in，get intog

32、et out of，turn onturn off，turn downturn up，be awakebe asleep，catch up withfall behind，both.and.neither.nor.等。例如：原句：Everything in the house was neat and tidy.But the naughty boy changed it thoroughly.转换为：The naughty boy left everything in the house in a _分析：本题关键是找出一个和in搭配的固定短语作为neat and tidy的反义短语。答案：

33、mess。3信息归纳题(1)解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找出共性的东西。(2)归纳词的特征：概括性(在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)针对性(量体裁衣，大小适度)准确性(简洁)(3)一般来说，左边一栏基本都是概括题型，有定义、标题概括，建议、方法概括，结论概括。定义、标题概括，此类题一般在图表的第一空，可以在文章第一段找出信息，都是对本文title 的一个定义解释。如a.The definition of advertising Advertising is the business of drawing public attention to goods and services，and per

34、formed through various media.b.TopicLearning to understandc.IntroductionDestructive forces of nature refer to natural disasters like tsunamis and earthquakes.建议、方法概括。_Suggestions/Advice/TipsNod in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.Repeat some words

35、that you have heard.Collect information about the persons expressions and find his intention.Give a summary of what the person has said.Confirm that the person gains satisfaction from speaking his thoughts.结论概括。把握文章的中心思想，抓住作者的写作意图，最终得出一个结论。a.ConclusionSunshine has both positive and negative effect o

36、n health and it determines the mood of people.Balance is needed in enjoying sunshine.b. ConclusionChildren should be taught what life is and how to deal with it.c.CommentYou may unlock the doors to difficult peoples minds after you listen and understand.d.SummaryThese terrible disasters couldnt be a

37、voided.e.ConsequencesWhen these terrible disasters occur in some parts of the world，they destroy properties and lives.People in these parts go through the suffering that only exists in our imagination. Some people out there have to stay where they are.They cant afford to move away，as jobs in other p

38、laces might not be available.四、常用词汇及词组转换归纳类常用词汇原因与结果：reason(for)，cause(of)；result，effect，consequence异同点与优缺点：difference，similarity；advantage/benefit，disadvantage功能：function观点与态度：opinion，view(on/about)，viewpoint，idea；attitude to/towards评论、评价：comment(on)，remark(on/upon)，assessment表方式、方法：way(to do sth./

39、of doing sth.)，means，method(of)；solution，approach(to doing sth.)；take measures to do sth.目的：purpose，aim，goal积极与消极：positive；negative建议： advice，suggestion，tip概括、总结：summary，conclusion特点：feature，characteristic种类：kind，type，category，class精神上与身体上：mentally；physically 影响：influence，impact，effect(on)情形、状况：situ

40、ation，condition建立：build，create，establish，found出现：appear，occur(red)实现、完成：reach，realize，accomplish必要与必需：necessity；must方面与项目、条款：aspect；item材料：materials知识与消息：knowledge；information计划与日程：schedule；agenda百分比：percentage性别：sex年龄：age满意：satisfaction忧虑、担忧、焦急：concern(不)熟悉：familiar /unfamiliar个人，个人的：individual细节：d

41、escription，detail文化：culture责任：(take)responsibility贡献：(make)contributions to 重要：value，importance，significance比较：contrast，comparison时期：period，time存在：existence，exist花费：cost，expense人口：population天气与气候：weather；climate位置：location主题：theme，topic背景：setting，background情节：plot高潮：climax结尾：ending，consequence反对者与支持

42、者：opponent，supporter转换类常用词汇1100 years1 century10 decades2take advantage ofmake use of3parental attentionwith the help/aid/assistance of parents4oppose the movebe against the moveobject to the movedisagree with the move5consider.take.into consideration/account6at the beginningat first7be responsible

43、fortake/shoulder/bear responsibility for8since the beginning of human evolutionthroughout human history 9in search of better job opportunitiesseeking/searching/looking for better job opportunities10housingrelated reasonsreasons related/linked/relevant to/connected with housing11take an active part i

44、ntake part in sth.actively12encourage participation in quiet activitiesencourage sb.to participate in/take part in/play a role in quiet activities13be hooked on headphonesbe addicted to headphones14valuable informationinformation of great value15understand clearlyhave a clear understanding of sth.16

45、affecthave an effect/influence/impact on sth.17mattercountbe very importantbe of importancemake sensemake a difference18kill sb.claim ones life19make an apologyapologize to sb.20be overendput.to an end21despitein spite of22share less than 2%account for less than 2%make up less than 2%23onlineon the

46、Internet24learn good citizenshiplearn to be good citizens25list the things that you are good atlist what/all you are good at26explain sth.make an explanation27offer sth.to sb.provide/supply sth.for sb.28besideson top ofin addition toapart from29be better thanbe superior to30approve ofsubscribe tobe

47、in favor/support offavor31have access tobe acceptable/accessible/available to32stopquitgive up33compensate formake up for34in partpartly35every yearyearlyannually36use uprun out of(主动)37run outgive outbe used up(被动)38be accused ofbe charged with39most of the peoplethe majority of the people40cater t

48、o/for ones needs/demands/requirementssatisfy/meet ones.41starve to deathdie of hunger/starvation42be tired outbe worn outbe exhausted43socially responsiblesocial responsibility44sth.benefits sb.be beneficial to sb.be of benefit to sb.sb.benefits from sth.45commit oneself to doing sth.promise to do s

49、th.46make full use ofmake the most/best of即学即练1根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。1That will increase the possibility of your getting all the way through the book.Popular books might make it _ for intermediatelevel readers to read them from cover to cover.答案：possible2Another great way to keep yourself motiv

50、ated over the holidays is to find a friend who is interested in reading the same book.Ways to keep up your _ for reading.答案：motivation3Use colored pens for different topics to catch the eye and make things stand out.Write in different _ for different topics.答案：colors4Take an active part in the discu

51、ssion.Speak _ in group discussion.答案：actively5The players dont like the new rule.They _ the new rule and wish it to be changed.答案：dislike/hate6It advised people not to take large amount of cash while traveling，especially during the approaching Spring Festival season，which always witnesses a large nu

52、mber of crimes.Theft and robbery accounted for 80%；women and elderly people were mostly targeted for；people were advised to_ taking a large amount of cash.答案：avoid7Greeting other people is the first and most important social event in our lives.Greeting _ is our first and most important social event.

53、答案：others8The third aspect concerns the words chosen.The _ of words usually contains the word “good”答案：choice9Students taking part in the program are responsible for representing different countries.Students taking part in the program have _ for representing different countries.答案：responsibility10Fa

54、irview Elementary School has long been suffering from a near total lack of parental involvement.Their parents didnt get actively _ in their childrens school life.答案：involved11Children must be trained to understand the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution(宪法)Children are trained to get a better _o

55、f the freedom.答案：understanding12Now we surround children with noisy toys and personal listening devices that can permanently damage their hearing.Now we surround children with noisy toys and listening devices which cause _ damage to hearing.答案：permanent13The League for the Hard of Hearing urges pare

56、nts to encourage participation in quiet activities.Encourage children to _ in quiet activities.答案：participate14Their beautiful colors and sound also bring much excitement during this most important traditional Chinese festival.Their beautiful colors and sound also make people _答案：excited15They light

57、 the fuse(导火线)nervously，run away in a hurry，.Feeling nervous and running away _ when lighting the fuse.答案：hurriedly/quickly16.cover their ears with their hands and watch the colorful display with a big smile on their faces.Covering the ears with hands and _the colorful display joyfully.答案：watching17

58、Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways._ between taking a gap year and going to universities.答案：Similarities18To achieve success，you need to have a clear aim and strong determination.If you are to succeed，you should be _答案：determined19As far as I can reme

59、mber，my friends and I didnt find out we were depressed until we were in high school.We never experienced _ when we were in childhood.答案：depression20The crop circles have been found in fields all over the world.Crop circles _ all over the world.答案：appeared/existed即学即练2根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。1.dis

60、cuss plot lines or vocabulary issues with each other by SMS or email._ views on plot lines or vocabulary to achieve your common goals.答案：exchange2Apart from your class time，you organize your own time and place for studying.Study _ and wherever you want to after class.答案：whenever3Learn how to read wi

61、th your eyes rather than your throat.Read _ and dont move your lips.答案：silently4NBA referees are not letting players complain too long or too loudly about a referees call.The players are not _ to complain too much about a referees call.答案：allowed/permitted5Kids should pay attention to improving thei

62、r skills and play their best.Kids should pay attention to _ up their skills and play their best.答案：polishing/building6All players need to learn that you control one thing in a game，and thats your own performance.All players can control nothing _ except their performance.答案：else7Please greet other pe

63、ople whenever you can and wherever you are.Please greet others whenever _ and wherever you are.答案：possible8Topics discussed include everything from the threat of nuclear terrorism to poverty.Discussing topics_ everything from the threat of nuclear terrorism to poverty.答案：including/covering9Learning

64、anything you can thats beyond your own borders really will help you so much.Learning something that has _ to do with you will help you so much.答案：nothing/little10Parents play a more active role in their childrens school life.Parents take a more active _ in their childrens school life.答案：part11List b

65、uilding plays a major role in developing good relationships with your sites customers.List building has a great _ on developing good relationships with your customers.答案：influence/effect/impact12What comes first is to keep an open mind，because everyones ideas deserve consideration.Keep an open mind

66、to everyones _答案：opinions/views/thoughts13You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person，which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.Keep records of the sources just in _答案：case14Michel became hooked on headphones in his early teens.A

67、boy lost much of his hearing due to being _ to headphones.答案：addicted15We attend rock concerts，weddings，parties and sports events at which the music is so loud that you can hardly hear the person sitting next to you.the music at rock concerts，weddings，parties and sports events which _ us from hearin

68、g someone nearby.答案：prevents16People who dont get enough vitamin A cant see well in the dark._ vitamin A causes people unable to see well at night.答案：Lacking/Lack of17Footprints are one of the few pieces of hard evidence supporting the idea that there is Yeti.Footprints are one of the few pieces of

69、hard evidence that support the _ of Yeti.答案：existence18The most effective people never change character from one situation to another.Never change character in _ situations.答案：different即学即练3根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。1Dont forget there may also be some other problems.Do _ there may also be some othe

70、r problems.答案：remember2Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.Shyness and _ make it easy to make mistakes.答案：nervousness/tension328 of the 33 gold medalists wore the body covering Rastskin suit.Rastskin suit was _ by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners at th

71、e Sydney Olympics.答案：worn4To accomplish the goal，you need to study hard and have strong determination.If you are to _ the aim，you should be determined and study hard.答案：achieve5Dont speak in an angry way.Dont speak _答案：angrily6Afterschool programming is an effective method to help young people becom

72、e contributing members of society.Afterschool programming is an effective method to help young people make _to society.答案：contributions7The wall of water，a kilometer high，rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people

73、 are drowned.A tsunami(海啸)hits southern Africa，_ cities on the African coast，and _ millions of people.答案：destroying；drowning8People who dont have enough experience cant do well in the position._ experience causes people unable to do well in the position.答案：Lack of/Lacking9Skin color is also affected

74、 by another source vitaminDVitamin D is another source_ skin color.答案：affecting10We should consider what the other person needs and expects.Needs and _ of others should be taken into _答案：expectations；consideration/account11The cheating athlete is not easy to catch out.The cheating athlete is not _ c

75、aught out.答案：easily12Building a list can be difficult.A list can be difficult to _It can be difficult to build a list.答案：build13It should offer important information.Its _ to offer important information.答案：necessary14About half of the piece is destroyed，but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic

76、 at 200 times faster than sound.One piece hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the _ of sound.答案：speed/rate15Please help others wherever you go.Please help others wherever _.答案：possible16Its worth taking the time.The time you spend will be _答案：worthwhile17You are encouraged to take notes in class be

77、fore you forget.You are encouraged to take notes in class just in _ you forget after class.答案：case18People play indoor sports in all weathers. People play indoor sports _ the weather.答案：whatever19Most of the parents care about their childrens skills.Most of the parents are _ of their childrens skill

78、s.答案：aware/conscious20These amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous.They must work at their jobs while training.These amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous and they must _ their work with training.答案：combine即学即练4根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。1What should we do so

79、 that our communication will be effective?What should we do to communicate _？答案：well/effectively2Good communication _ on(取决于) good personal qualities.答案：depends3The total _ of libraries in North America is over 135，000.答案：number4In this way all works can be easily located by readers.In this way read

80、ers will have little _ locating what they want.答案：difficulty/trouble5All you have to do is to take control of your emotions and make them positive instead of letting them control you.You have to control your emotions and make them positive instead of being _ by them.答案：controlled6The way of keeping

81、yourself motivated is to find a friend who likes playing.The way of keeping up your _ for playing is to find a good friend.答案：motivation7Advertising agencies appeared in the latter part of the 19th century.Advertising agencies came into _ in the latter part of the 19th century.答案：appearance/being8Ad

82、vertising spending has increased dramatically in recent years.There has been a _ in advertising spending.答案：rise9We prefer to be a little cautious at this stage.More _ is needed at this stage.答案：caution10In the early 1900s the birth rate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise.The birth rat

83、e was on the _ and more people got divorced.答案：decrease/decline112.6 billion people lack proper wastewater treatment.2.6 billion people are _ of proper wastewater treatment.答案：short12The UN aims to cut in half the population unable to reach or afford safe drinking water.The UN aims to cut in half th

84、e population having no _ to safe drinking water.答案：access13Your own weight is the amount of the force that holds you to the earth.The force that holds you to the earth is _ to your own weight.答案：equal14Studies have shown that the presence of natural green spaces and plants is connected with a 50 per

85、cent reduction in the incidents of violent crime.The incidents of violent crime have _ in places where there are natural green spaces and plants.答案：decreased/declined15Most of the worlds rain forests are tropical rain forests that grow in warm places near the earths equator.The _ of the rain forests

86、 are tropical rain forests，while another.答案：majority16The trees take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.The trees _ carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.答案：absorb17Conservationists are looking for ways that people can use the forests without destroying them.Conservationists are trying to use the fo

87、rests without causing _答案：destruction18You should walk fast enough to cause you to breathe hard.Walk fast enough to cause you to breathe with _答案：difficulty19The drawbacks of hosting the Olympics should be taken into careful consideration.The drawbacks of hosting the Olympics need to be carefully _

88、as well.答案：considered20She is considered as a role model and an inspiration by many of her peers.She is really a role model，_ many people.答案：inspiring21The viewers who watch it five times a week learn more than those who watch it occasionally._ viewers learn more than occasional ones.答案：Regular22The

89、ir marriage lasted until 1990.Their marriage _ up in 1990.答案：broke23They should concentrate on improving their skills.They should focus on the _ of their skills.答案：improvement24As Chinas economy continues to steam ahead，once popular forms of entertainment appear to be losing their appeal.With Chinas

90、 _ development，some forms of entertainment no longer appeal to people.答案：economic25They are far better than those of the West.They are _ to those of the West.答案：superior学生用书P97A(2019江苏卷)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。The Cost of ThinkingDespite their many differences, all human

91、 beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammal

92、s(哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm3. Modern man has a brain averaging 12001400 cm3. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.The fact is that a huge brain is a

93、 huge drainconsumption of energyon the body. Its not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(颅骨). Its even harder to provide energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 23% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the bodys energy when the body is at rest. By c

94、omparison, the brains of apes(类人猿) require only 8% of resttime energy. Early humans paid for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search of food.Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. Its hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpan

95、zee(黑猩猩) cant win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, its easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, li

96、ke throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head. Adjusting

97、 to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extralarge skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the

98、 most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meateating animals.The Co

99、st of ThinkingIntroductionLarge brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two 71._ of human beings.The 72._ of large human brainsThe larger brains may not be better because of the cost.The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.The animal brai

100、n requires less 73._ when the body is at rest.Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.The 74._ of walking uprightWalking upright makes it easy to find food or 75._ against enemies.Freed hands can serve some 76._ purposes and perform complex tasks.Walking upright challenges the human

101、 bone structure, and 77._ the size of brains.Walking upright results in 78._ sufferings.ConclusionWith a large brain, human beings 79._ other beings in terms of intelligence.Weak and marginal, human beings remained 80._ of meateating animals.【解题导语】脑子大与直立行走是人区别于其他动物的主要特征，这两个特征都各有利弊。71characteristics解

102、析：根据第一段中的“all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs”可知，本题答案为characteristics。72disadvantages解析：根据表格右栏内容可知，该部分主要阐述了脑子大的一些不利之处，故本题答案为disadvantages。73energy解析：根据第三段中的“the brain accounts for.the brains of apes(类人猿) require on

103、ly 8% of resttime energy”可知，和人类相比，类人猿的大脑需要较少的能量，故本题答案为energy。74impact(s)解析：根据表格右栏中的内容可知，该部分从正反两方面论述了直立行走的影响，故本题答案为impact(s)。75guard解析：根据第四段中的“its easier to find food or enemies”可知，直立行走更有利于寻找食物和防范敌人，故本题答案为guard。76other解析：根据第四段中的“are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling”可知，解放的双手

104、可以有一些其他的用途。77limits解析：根据第五段中的“had a relatively small head.especially when the bones had to support an extralarge skull”可知，在进化过程中，直立行走对人的大脑的尺寸有限制。78physical解析：根据第五段最后一句可知，直立行走会导致身体上的一些痛苦，故本题答案为physical。79beat解析：根据最后一段内容可知，脑子大使我们在智力方面胜过其他动物，故本题答案为beat。80fearful/afraid解析：根据文章最后一句中的“lived in constant fe

105、ar of meateating animals”可知，本题答案为fearful/afraid。B(2018江苏卷)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填一个单词。How Arts Promote Our EconomyWhen most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an awardwinning performance in the theater.

106、 But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an ap

107、pealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired

108、 to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10，000 people as fullor parttime employees or independent contractors.A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect (连锁反应) throughout a community. In 2005, when t

109、he Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $ 1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and yearround arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 per

110、cent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.No doubt the theater has contributed to the areas development and economic growth. Today，there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbor

111、s share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloombergs investment of $35，000 to get nearly $400，000 in public and private sector support during the twoyear period. Further, Dallas

112、arts and artsbased businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44，000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry

113、, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire smallbusiness community benefits.It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to

114、stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been illadvised to have a planB But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.Arts as an economic

115、driverOur communities 71._ from arts in terms of economy.72._ of arts promotingour economyArts activity demands a(n) 73._effort.It involves creation, performance, and 74._Artists make a living through their creative work.Others get paid by marketing the event.Arts have a gradually spreading 75._They

116、 could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their 76._ to and from the events.Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.Investment in arts could prod

117、uce potential 77._ economic results.TeCo used a $35，000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400，000.In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary return of nearly $300.In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35，000 job opportunities for workers 78._ arts indu

118、stry.Art studentsmaking agood livingWith these 79._ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a(n) 80._ plan.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了艺术是如何促进经济发展的。71benefit解析：根据第一段第二句“But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.”可知，从经济方面来讲，我们的社区从艺术中得到了很多的好处。短语benefit from“从中受益”，故填benefi

119、t。72Ways解析：根据表格的提示和文章内容可知，此处讲述了艺术推进经济发展的几种途径，故填Ways。73joint/collective解析：根据文章第二段中的“The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists，technical experts，managers, musicians，or writers to create an appealing piece of art.”可知，艺术活动需要艺术家、科技专家、经理、音乐家或

120、作家的共同努力，故填joint/collective。74promotion/marketing解析：根据文章第三段中的“Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.”可知，还需要另一些人帮助推销，故填promotion/marketing。75effect解析：根据第四段中提到的一系列数据可推知艺术有逐渐扩大的影响，故填effect。76fares解析：根据第四段最后一句“Nearly 40 percent of jazz.in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts Distric

121、t.”可知，除了票的费用之外，一些爵士乐爱好者还要支付往返活动场所的费用，故填fares。77positive解析：第六段讲述的是艺术方面的投资能够产生潜在的积极的经济效益，故填positive。78outside/beyond解析：根据第六段最后一句“.actually lie outside the arts industry.”中的outside的提示可知这里填outside/beyond。79statistics/data/analyses解析：最后一段是总结，上面通过一系列数据来说明艺术能带来经济效益，故填statistics/data/analyses。80alternative解

122、析：根据文章最后一段中的“If you are a student studying the arts，chances are you have been illadvised to have a planB”可知，艺术生不需要担心他们的工作，他们有选择的机会，故填alternative。学生用书P99A(2019苏州学业质量阳光指标调研)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Public SpeakingPublic speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech

123、in front of a group of listeners. Compared with conversation, usually public speaking is more of a “oneway” talking.There are three types of public speaking. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience about something that they probably did not know before. The i

124、mportant thing to watch is not to put in too much information. Besides, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good. The speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on. The last type

125、is a ceremonial speech. It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches. No matter how well you know the person you are giving speech about, try not to say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke.The key to perfecting anything is through practice, includ

126、ing public speaking. Aside from it, a speaker is to know who the audience will be. Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area. Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage. They would be able to plan beforehand, for example, where they w

127、ant to stand, and how they are going to face the audience. Last, as is mentioned above, practice is necessary. Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last.Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving

128、a speech. It needs to be used clearly. A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean by it. Often, when given a speech, the audience look to the speaker to give them something new and useful. Thus, the speaker needs to know how to deliver their spee

129、ch to fulfill the audiences expectations. Language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language. The movement and gesture of a speaker also affect the audience. For example, if the speaker keeps pacing around the room, it will distract the audience from th

130、e topic and confuse them. When speaking in front of a small audience, you can look briefly from one person to another, but in a larger audience, it is not better to do so. While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important t

131、hings that have been said. They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.Public SpeakingA common phenomenonIn public speaking, often a speaker gives a talk, others just listening, without 1._ information.Types ofpublic speakingAn informative speech is to 2._

132、 the audience with an appropriate brand new knowledge.A persuasive speech is used to convince the audience. Therefore, finding 3_ between a speaker and the audience is important.A ceremonial speech is relatively 4._ and private. However, dont say bad things even if they are acquaintances.Making5_for

133、 the speechKnow the listeners identities and get much information about the topic.Know how the “battlefield” is 6._ out in advance to plan beforehand.Spare time to practice to build confidence and decide the 7._ of the presentation.续表Public SpeakingPresenting the speech8._ using ambiguous words and

134、know how to meet the audiences expectations.Use the body language, 9._ glancing at a small audience from one person to another.Restate important points when closing the speech to give the audience a deep 10._End a speech or presentation with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questi

135、ons.答案：1.exchanging/swapping2.provide/equip3similarity/similarities4.informal/casual5preparations6.laid7.length/duration/time8Avoid9.like10.impressionB(2019苏北三市高三质量检测)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Emojis Catch Fire; Creators Seek IP ProtectionEmojis(表情符号) are part and parcel o

136、f a great many messages exchanged by users of instant message apps, social media, email and the like. As the latest form of intellectual property(IP) in China, they are turning out to be a moneyspinner and also an IP worth further protection in China.Consider Rumi, a pandalike emoji, which has been

137、downloaded on social media more than 340 million times, representing more than one fourth of Chinas entire population. More and more users love to use emojis because they help spice up their messages with slick meanings, moods or states of mind that are best expressed quickly, not in words, but thro

138、ugh interesting or funny images.Not only do they use, they also tip. Chinas largest social media platform WeChat told China Daily that more than 6.9 million users tipped emoji artists in 2017, part of nearly 14 million yuan($2 million) in all. It can be handsome return. Zhang Xuchen, 39, a parttime

139、emoji creator from Tianjin, said that he earned a good income of the tens of thousands of yuan a year simply through tipping from customers, which supplements(贴补) his job as a forklift truck driver.StarMoly, founded in 2016, is the developer of Rumi. It owns more than 30 emojis, which have been down

140、loaded more than 1.4 billion times. “Driven by the wide use of social media in nearly every corner in China, emojis are undoubtedly a promising IP，” said Lin Dongdong, president of StarMoly. Unlike traditional IPs, the companys emojis will change their costumes and status according to different situ

141、ations, which brings the digitalbased images alive.StarMoly has also cooperated with a great number of companies to develop its IPs. It has authorized its emojis to The Shape of Water, an Oscarwinning film, to use them in domestic publicity. “To protect our IPs, we select our partners with great cau

142、tion. We only choose those wellknown and highquality brands including Lays, Microsoft, Discovery and Taobao to make sure that our IPs are protected，” Lin said, noting that there are indeed many cases of abuse and piracy in the emojis and their related sectors in China.“Emojis are very likely to be p

143、irated because most of them are in digital forms, which are very easy to be copied and used again，” said Cheng Yanbo, an analyst. “Besides, it is a brandnew and wild area that is not effectively supervised(监管)”A good example, he said, is the facepalm emoji, one of the countrys most widespread charac

144、ters. It was recently registered as a trademark by a clothing maker from Zhejiang province instead of the emojis creator, WeChat. “To protect these emoji IPs, related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies，” he said, adding that education on the subj

145、ect is supposed to keep up.Passage OutlineSupporting DetailsIntroductionEmojis, instant messages used online, bring in a large fortune to creators and 1._ further IP protection as well.Reasons for emojis 2._Emojis help users 3._ their meanings, moods, or states of mind more quickly than words.Emojis

146、 help create interesting， exciting and funny images.4._ in pointRumi, an emoji 5._ like a panda, has been downloaded by over a quarter of Chinas entire population.Zhang Xuchen created emojis parttime but earned a good income because customers 6._ him.The president of StarMoly, which 7._ Rumi, recogn

147、izes emojis as a promising IP.Problems with emojisEmojis are very likely to be pirated because the 8._ of them are in digital forms.There is a(n) 9._ of effective supervision because its a brandnew industry.SolutionRelated rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators an

148、d companies, and education should 10._ closely.答案：1.deserve2.popularity/currency3.express/convey4.Cases5.looking6.tipped7.developed/created/produced/made8.majority9lack/shortage/absence10.follow任务型阅读(一)学生用书P151(单独成册)(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019江苏四星级学校联考)When you listen to artists like JayZ, or Common, just the

149、 thought of freestyle rap might be frightening enough to make your shy away. Scientific research shows that rap might offer you an opportunity for selfexploration and expression. Besides, freestyle rap might improve your brains creative power, too, and when it does, it can free you from boredom and

150、relax you from everyday tasks. Heres how.In a study, brain researcher Siyuan Liu and his colleagues compared freestyle rap and rehearsed rap of native English speakers to see how their brains operated under both conditions. When you perform a rehearsed act, the lateral prefrontal cortex(PFC)(额叶前皮层),

151、 which is instrumental in thought control and recall, is activated. But they found that for more spontaneous(自发的) singing, the lateral PFC is not activated because you rely more on strong emotions to find the right language without the distraction of prepared melodies. When trying to complete a task

152、, your focused brain is essential. But for creativity, your brain must go into regrouping mode to avoid habits and form new ideas. Freestyle rap will train you to access this capacity in your brain.During this rap study, leftsided brain regions which are responsible for language and movement were al

153、so activated. These regions are usually activated by the act of speaking, so there was no surprise that rapping had the same effect. However, freestyle rap causes these regions to be activated above normal, which indicates that something special occurs. Freestyle rap requires you to find novel words

154、 and phrases that rhyme. This search for unique language patterns is a way to train your brain to become more creative. However, words are not all the same. By making freestyle rap part of your everyday routine, you will add emotional weight to your words, allowing you to communicate in a more effec

155、tive and accurate way.The rehearsed and freestyle rappers in the study had no difference in movement. They produced the same number of syllables, and the primary movement areas in the brain were similar in both groups. However, there was greater involvement of secondary movement areas in freestyle r

156、ap. When secondary movement areas engage, the movement is more enriched. This is similar to the way an inspired figure skater moves as opposed to that of a wellrehearsed skater who goes on technically but without the same beautiful sense of timing. Secondary movement in rap reflects the demand for r

157、ap speed, the rushed need to find the best words, and the way such words fit with a rhythm. Consequently, when you want to express yourself at greater speed to catch someones attention or create a bigger impact in a meeting or something like that, your essay in freestyle rap can be of great help to

158、you.To understand the connections between the different brain regions, the researchers of the study expanded to further analyses. The results indicated that freestyle rap requires the brain to access special regions involved with emotion and motivation. This makes sense when you think about the emot

159、ional intensity(强度) behind JayZs rap tracks that require him to process information and storylines. In this way, freestyle rap reminds you to invest in what you truly care about. Rather than functioning like a robot in your daytoday life, you can put your unique spin on things.Benefits offreestyle r

160、apIt might enable you to explore and express yourself.It may empower your brain with creativity.It can help you 1._ yourself of boredom and daily tasks.Four waysfreestylerap 2_a betteryouYou learn to let goUnlike rehearsed rap, performing freestyle rap 3._ to activate the lateral PFC.When completing

161、 freestyle rap, you turn to your emotions and your brain becomes more focused.Freestyle rap trains your brain to be creativeno longer under the 4._ of your habits and forming new ideas.You gain5_to powerful wordsFreestyle rap can also activate your brain regions 6._ for language and movement.With fr

162、eestyle rap, you need to search for novel words and phrases in rhyme.Freestyle rap helps give emotional weight to your words, allowing you to communicate effectively and accurately.续表You become a fascinating speakerBesides the primary movement areas7._ in both rapper groups, secondary movement areas

163、 are more activated in freestyle rap.Secondary movement in rap signals the need for speed, word selection and ways to make words arranged in rhyme.Your attempt at freestyle rap can 8._ you in attracting others on occasions like a meeting.You find emotional richness and motivationFreestyle rap requir

164、es the brain to access special regions concerning emotion and motivation.Freestyle rap makes 9._ on rappers to process information and storylines.Freestyle rap reminds you to devote yourself to what really 10._ you.答案：1.rid2.unlocks/makes3.fails4.control5access6.responsible7.involvement8.benefit9dem

165、ands10.interestsB(2019江苏四校高三下学期调研)Generally speaking, people often quickly return to a set level of happiness despite lifes ups and downs. For instance, people who win the lottery(彩票抽奖) tend to return to roughly their original level of happiness after the novelty of the win has worn off. The same is

166、 true for those who are in major accidents and lose the use of their legs. The change in the ability can be damaging at first, but people generally return to their preaccident levels of happiness after the habituation period. This phenomenon is called hedonic adaptation(享乐适应)There are activities tha

167、t are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation. Some of these activities are known as pleasures. They can lift your mood and leave you feeling great, but their effects can be relatively temporary. Whats more, we get used to them relatively quickly. If you have the same meal every day for a week,

168、for example, you may find it to be less pleasurable by the end of the week. Satisfactions are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation. They can get us into a feeling of “flow” where we dont notice the passage of time and are thoroughly devoted to what were doing. Satisfactions are activi

169、ties that require more effort and thought, but the payoff is higher as well. The more we devote, the more we enjoy!Knowing that pleasures are temporary in their effects may make them seem less worth the effort than satisfactions. There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations, howe

170、ver. First, they bring a quick lift in the mood without a great deal of effort. This is actually quite valuable because there is significant research that shows that a lift in the mood can lead to a chain reaction of positive feelings. Second, satisfactions do take more effort, so when you only have

171、 a few minutes or a very limited amount of energy, pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option.Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and participate in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in life. For example,

172、be sure to make time for hobbies! It doesnt really matter what the hobby is; as long as its one you enjoy, youll benefit from it, and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life. Its also a good idea to help other people as this can make your life more meaningful, and thus create greater h

173、appiness. Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life. So at the end of the day, a few days a week, write about three things you enjoyed that day. Then youll be reliving these positive experiences as you write about them, and can relive them again whe

174、n you read.Hedonic AdaptationThe 1._ of hedonicadaptationHedonic adaptation is a phenomenon where people 2._ to quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness in spite of major positive or negative events or life changes.Activities influenced byhedonic adaptationPleasuresThey are helpful i

175、n keeping our spirits up and making us feel cheerful, but such positive effects go 3._The longer they stay, the less happy people may feel. That is, peoples 4._ to them occurs after a very short period of time.SatisfactionsCompared with pleasures, they take us more effort but can bring more lasting

176、results. In other words, they are less affected by hedonic adaptation.The enjoyment people get from satisfactions is in direct 5._ to the effort and thought they devote.6._ of pleasures over satisfactionsPleasures can lighten our mood quickly and are 7._ to achieve.Pleasures are a better choice when

177、 our time or energy is limited.8._ on reducing the effects of hedonicadaptationTake up hobbies, whatever they are, which 9._ to you, and enjoy the benefits from them.Help others and it can make you live in a happier and more 10._ way.Enjoy your positive experiences by regularly recording them and re

178、live them in the course of your writing and reading.答案：1.definition2.tend3.quickly4.adaptation5proportion/relation6.Advantages7.easy8Tips/Suggestions/Advice9.appeal10meaningful任务型阅读(二)学生用书P153(单独成册)(建议用时：30分钟)A(2019江苏七市调研)As the concept of emotional intelligence(EI) has gone global, weve watched pro

179、fessionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either dont know where to focus their efforts or they havent understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if youre looking t

180、o develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieveand then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.The first step is to get a sense of how your sel

181、fperception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you)This is especially true for the development of emotional intelligence because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that were good list

182、eners, but very often thats really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.To

183、give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your selfperception and reputation, you should use a 360degree feedback assessment that takes the multiple facets of EI into account. The key is to find one that guarantees confidentiality to those giving you feedback and that is focused o

184、n development and not on performance assessment.Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, youre at a huge disadvantage if youre only inter

185、ested because others said you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically(内在地) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.That means the areas that you choose to activel

186、y work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback youve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations(渴望). Understanding the impacts of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over the long haul as you do the work of strengthening your emotiona

187、l intelligence.Once youve determined which EI skills you want to focus on, identify specific actions that youll take. If youre working on becoming a better listener, for example, you might decide that when youre conversing with someone youll take the time to pause, listen to what they have to say, a

188、nd check that you understand before you reply. Keep it specific. You should also take every naturally occurring opportunity to practice the skill youre developing, no matter how small.By starting to change your routine reactions, youll be well on your way to figuring out the old habits that arent se

189、rving you well and transforming them into new, improved ones that do.Passage outlineSupporting detailsIntroductionThough globally acknowledged, EI still 1._ professionals, for they arent aware how to improve it.Approaches to strengthening EISpot the 2._ between selfperception and reputationWith the

190、external reality check, we are 3._ of understanding our interactions accurately.We are 4._ to change our behavior by getting outside feedback.We are expected to 5._ how selfperception differs from reputation in all aspects.Find out what 6._ to usWe should clearly 7._ our goals and focus our effort o

191、n improving ourselves instead of just learning a skill.8._ the outside feedback with our goals can give us support on the way to strengthening our EI.Identify what changes we will makeBe 9._ about the actions and take advantage of every possible opportunity to practice EI skills.续表Passage outlineSup

192、porting detailsSummary10._ useless old habits and develop new ones in areas for improvement.答案：1.confuses/puzzles2.differences3.capable4motivated5.assess6.matters/counts7.recognize/know/identify8.Combining9.specific/clear/explicit10.Remove/Abandon/QuitB(2019苏州高三调研)Are We More Narcissistic Than Ever

193、Before?Like the flower, narcissism(自恋) has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture.But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism.Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without i

194、dentifying the form.Grandiose(浮夸) narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted(外向) form.The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, betterlooking and more important than others.And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact.In fact, some of them can be very charming, likabl

195、e and enjoy people.On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.Vulnerable(脆弱) narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism.It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism.Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and g

196、reatness but actually have low selfconfidence and are not typically extraverted.Imagine someone living in his mums small room.He spends his evenings watching The X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act.Unfortunately, he hasnt the confidence to do it and instead becomes a net

197、izen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet community.The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a persons lifemarriages fall apart, friends are lost, a career is over.When this occurs narcissism can be

198、identified as a personality disordernarcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this.For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compa

199、ssion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets your attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes.For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety.Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; part

200、icipate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings.For NPD, there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice.But pay attention to the following.First, people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not

201、have a problemeveryone else does.Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasnt been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration.Still, I remain optimis

202、tic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with.Are We More Narcissistic Than Ever Before？Current situations about narcissismNarcissism has developed to become a part of culture.Narcissism is more 1._ than expected in psy

203、chology.2._ of narcissism in divided typesA narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness.A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated 3._A narcissist is often cold and likely to 4._ care in emotion towards others.Vulnerable narcissism is

204、 more 5._ than grandiose narcissism.A narcissist isnt actually confident though in his opinion he 6._ special things.Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic, affecting the personal life.The approaches to treating narcissism or NPDBe more considerate, do favorite things an

205、d take 7._ for whatever they do.Try to 8._ by making more friends, doing exercise and so on.Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to 9._ treatment.The future trendNarcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media.Narcissism can be 10._ if handled actively in proper ways.

206、答案：plicated/complex2.Features/Characteristics3specially4.lack5.hidden/concealed6.deserves7responsibility8.relax9.refuse10.changed/changeable任务型阅读(三)学生用书P155(单独成册)(建议用时：30分钟)A(2019江苏名校高三摸底)Technologies are often viewed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified. Mr Kochevar is par

207、alysed(使瘫痪) below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This remarkable action is partly thanks to poles implanted in his right arm. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move

208、 is reflected in neural activity in his motor cortex(皮层); these signals are detected by implants in his brain and processed into commands to activate the electrodes in his arm.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But braincomputer interfaces(接口), BCIs, like the Br

209、ainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to activate the brain.The pace of research into the BCI and the scale of

210、its ambition are increasing, but skeptics dismiss it. Taking medical BCIs out of the lab into clinical practice has proved very difficult. The BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar was developed more than ten years ago, but only a handful of people have tried it out. Turning implants into consumer pr

211、oducts is even harder to imagine. The path to the mainstream is blocked by three major barrierstechnological, scientific and commercial.Start with technology. Noninvasive(无创的) techniques struggle to pick up highresolution brain signals through intervening layers of skin, bone and membrane. For the t

212、ime being at least, the most ambitious applications require implants that can interact directly with nerve cells. And existing devices have lots of drawbacks. They involve wires that pass through the skull; they cause immune responses; they communicate with only a few hundred of the 85bn nerve cells

213、 in the human brain.Clear the technological barrier, and another one appears. The brain is still a foreign country. Scientists know little about how exactly it works, especially when it comes to complex functions like memory formation. Research is more advanced in animals, but experiments on humans

214、are hard.The third obstacle is the practical barriers to commercialization. It takes time, money and expert knowledge or skill to get medical devices approved officially. And consumer applications will take off only if they perform a function people find useful. Some of the applications of braincomp

215、uter interfaces are unnecessarya good voice assistant is a simpler way to type without fingers than a brain implant, for example.All of these suggest that a route to the future imagined by the neurotechnology pioneers is tough, but within a few years, improved technologies may be opening up new chan

216、nels of communication with the brain. Many of the first applications hold out the unambiguous promise of movement and senses restored. But a host of concerns will arise. Privacy is an obvious one: the hiding place of an inner voice may disappear. Security is another: if a brain can be reached on the

217、 Internet, it can also be hacked. Inequality is a third one: access to superhuman abilities could be beyond all except a privileged few.The 1._ of mind controlWilliam Kochevar is physicallychallenged, but with the help of technology, he manages to control his arm movement by mind.Researchers can dec

218、ode information from neural activity, and in turn, the information 2._ from neural activity can be encoded and used to stimulate the brain.The 3._ for doubts about BCIsIt is no easy job to put BCIs into clinical practice.It is even harder to put implants on the 4._.The barriers to BCIsbecoming the m

219、ainstreamTechnological barrier：The existing devices which are supposed to have direct interaction with neurons are far from 5._Scientific barrier：There is a lack of 6._ of the brain; experiments on humans are harder and less advanced than those on animals.Commercial barriers：It takes a lot of effort

220、 to get the authorities to 7._ agree to the medical devices.Being useful to people is a must for consumer applications being widely accepted.Some applications are unnecessary, thus 8._ BCIs from becoming commercially successful.续表The concernsabout BCIsPrivacy: With nowhere to hide your inner voice,

221、you may 9._ your privacy.Security: With anyone able to reach your brain on the Internet, you may have your brain broken into.Inequality: The technology may only be 10._ to the advantaged.答案：1.possibility2.received3.reasons4.market5perfect6.understanding/knowledge7.officially8preventing/stopping/keep

222、ing9.lose10available/accessibleBIf you followed the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US. swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises(瘀伤) on their bodies. These bruises were the results of “cupping therapy(拔火罐疗法)”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice

223、 that has been around for more than 2，000 years. Cupping therapy involves attaching circular cups to the skin using suction(吸力). The suction is created either by heating the cup inside or by using a handheld pump. This suction pulls the skin upward into the cup. Sometimes it can leave dark red bruis

224、es, other times there is no mark at all.Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US. swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “It really helps with blood flow, and he

225、lps pull swelling(肿胀) out of different areas.”However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.To figure out whether cupping therapy has any physical effects, last year researchers from Germ

226、any carried out a test in which a sham(假的) treatment was provided.In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the sham treatment. But in the sham treatment, the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldnt create the proper suction.The tested patients, who suffered from

227、 a disorder that causes a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the socalled “soft cupping” was a sham treatment.It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both

228、groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself, the researchers told the Live Science website.The question of whether cupping therapy works still nee

229、ds to be answered. But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, “the therapy can be used as a part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle interventions(干预)”， Dr Brent Bauer, director of a US. medicine

230、 program, told Live Science.Title：Is Cupping Therapy Really Useful？IntroductionCupping therapy was 1._ to Chinese medicinal practice dating back to more than 2，000 years ago.The working principle of itPeople usually use suctioncreated either by heating the cup inside or by using a 2._to pull peoples

231、 skin upward into the cup which can be 3._ to the skin.Peoples4_ attitudes to itMany athletes think it is 5._， which not only can help with blood flow but also can relieve swelling.Some think its peoples 6._ effects that result in its health effects actually.A testconducted to proveits effectsResear

232、chers provided a 7._ treatment (traditional cupping) and a sham treatment (soft cupping) for patients.Most patients could give the 8._ guess of which kind of treatment they had received.The result is that both treatments were 9._， which proves that the benefit of cupping therapy might not totally depend on the treatment itself.ConclusionIt can be accepted as a part of comprehensive treatment programs due to its 10._ and efficiency.答案：1.applied2.pump3.attached4.different5beneficial6.mental/psychological7.real8.correct9.effective10.safety- 49 - 版权所有高考资源网