高二英语外研版选修9教案：MODULE 2 THESIXTHPERIOD WORD版含解析.doc

1、The Sixth Period SpeakingTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language目标语言a: 重点词汇和短语announcement, motion, criminal, investigation, detect, inherit, famine, modification, victory, entertaining, argument, presentation, amusing, audience, in my view, above all, for exampleb: 重点句式1. DNA testing can help in crim

2、inal investigation.2. Tests can now detect inherited illnesses before the child is born.3. GM food could solve famine in the world.4. Genetic engineering is the victory of science over nature.5. Try to think about interesting or amusing ways to present your arguments.2. Ability goals 能力目标 Enable the

3、 students to hold a debate about genes and GM food.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标 Help the students learn how to hold a debate about genes and GM food.Teaching important and difficult points教学重难点Teach the students the presentation skills of holding a debate about genes and GM food.Teaching methods 教

4、学方法Speaking, task-based activity and presenting.Teaching aids 教具准备A computer and a projector.Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式Step I Greeting and RevisionT: Good morning / afternoon, class!Ss: Good morning / afternoon, Mr. / Ms T: I will check your homework, who would like to read your compositio

5、n in class, volunteer? S: I take after my mother who is a teacher in some ways. She is good at English, literature and writing, and so am I. She is very timid. She dares not to swim and skate. But I can swim and skate very well. She always encourages me to be brave. In addition, I have lots of frien

6、ds who do well in these two sports, who influenced me a lot. I think heredity and environment are so important for us. T: Well done! Thank you.Step II PreparationT: In this Module, we have acquired more information about genetic engineering. Today we will hold a class debate about the genetic engine

7、ering. The theme of the debate is “We believe that genetic engineering will bring enormous advantages to society. Here are 8 ideas from this module. Now you are given 5 minutes to decide if the following ideas argue for or against the motion. 5 minutes later.T: Time is up. Who can tell me the ideas

8、argue for the motion?S: DNA testing can help in criminal investigations, and the genetics engineering can help create a “designer baby”. S: DNA test can now detect inherited illnesses before the child is born, GM food can solve the famine in the world, and Genetic engineering is the victory of scien

9、ce over nature. T: You got it! Who can tell me the ideas argue for the motion?S: People whose genes predict illness may not get job or insurance cover.S: It will be difficult to know what genetic modification to food has been made and how they would affect you, and we dont know the effect of genetic

10、 modifications of crops on the environment.T: Good! You have grouped the ideas under two heads. One is for the motion; the other is against the motion. Now work in two groups. You will decide if you are going to argue for or against the motion.Step III Presentation SkillsT: lets make a good preparat

11、ion to our debate. Now please have a discussion about how can we have a successful debate and what preparation we should prepare for it. You are given 6 minutes to have a discussion.T: Time is up. Who can say something about how to prepare for the debate? Volunteer?S: We should make a list of our ar

12、guments and opinions using the ideas in Activity 1 and the resources of this module. Then prepare the arguments by the language in the box and the examples that we have found in this module, or elsewhere, such as Internet.S: we should make sure we have powerful examples to support our arguments.S: A

13、t the same time, we must think about what the other group will say, and prepare contrasting arguments against their ideas.S: We should prepare our opinions about the motion, based on our arguments.S: There is a formal structure. First we should say: “The motion is I believe that.” Then we make an op

14、ening statement, and then we present a contrasting argument and give an opinion. Finally we will make a conclusion.T: Well done! I will give you some presentation skills. As we know, Debates are quite formal, but should be interesting and entertaining. Some speakers may win a debate, not because of

15、the strength of their arguments, but because the style of presentation. Try to think about interesting or amusing ways to present your arguments. Make sure you look at the audience and not at your notes, Above all, smile and look as if you are enjoying yourself! Are you clear? You are given 10 minut

16、e to prepare your debate.Step IV DebatingThe teacher can divide the class into three groups, one is to argue for the motion, one is to argue against the motion, and the third is the judges who have the rights to vote for or against the motion. Their vote will determine the result of the debate.T: Ar

17、e you ready? First the representative of the group who argue for the motion presents your opinions.S: The motion is we believe that genetic engineering will bring enormous advantages to society. For example, DNA testing can help in criminal investigations; the genetics engineering can help create a

18、“designer baby”. DNA test can also now detect inherited illnesses before the child is born, GM food can solve the famine in the world. I think Genetic engineering is the victory of science over nature. T: Now it is your turn, the representative of the group who argue against the motion present your

19、opinions, please.S: The motion is we dont believe that genetic engineering will bring enormous advances to society but bring us a lot of problems. For instance, People whose genes predict illness may not get job or insurance cover. It will be difficult to know what genetic modifications to food have

20、 been made and how they would affect you, and we dont know the effect of genetic modification of crops on the environment. Therefore, we think that genetic engineering will bring enormous disadvantages to society.T: The representative of the group who argue for the motion, it is your turn, please.S:

21、 Nobody in the world can stop the wheels of the social advancement. Every coin has two sides. We cannot get rid of the cars just because of the car accidents. Genetic engineering brings some disadvantages. But we can take some measures to reduce its bad effects. That is why I recommend that you vote

22、 for the motion. T: It is your turn, the representative of the group who argue for the motion, please.S: Not all the new things are good things that we should accept it. Genetic engineering has deprived so many babies living rights before they are born. Dont you think it is cruel? But should those a

23、dvances come at the cost of basic fairness and equality? That is why I recommend that you vote against the motion. T: Terrific! Just now we have enjoyed an excellent debate.Step V VotingT: The most exciting moment is coming. The representative of the judges, would you please announce the result of t

24、he debate?S: The winner is the group who argue for the motion. T: Lets congratulate to the winners. Can you give comment on the debate, judge?S: The representative of the group who argue for the motion gave the brief and to the point presentation. He was always looking at the audience but not the no

25、tes and his facial expression is very natural. S: The representative of the group who argue against the motion did not give enough proofs and at the same time he is a little bit nervous.T: I think you all did a good job! Thank you very much for your excellent performance.Step VI Homework1. Review th

26、e whole module.2. Preview the next module.附 件DNA scientist Francis Crick dies at 88Nobel Prize-winning scientist Francis Crick, who co-discovered the spiral, double-helix structure of DNA in 1953 and opened the way for everything from gene-spliced crops and medicines to DNA fingerprinting and the ge

27、netic detection of diseases, has died. He was 88. Crick died Wednesday after a battle with colon cancer, according to the Salk Institute, the research body where Crick worked in recent years. The British-born Crick was 36 and working at the University of Cambridges Cavendish Laboratory in 1953 when

28、he and the American-born James Watson, just 24, struck upon the idea that the DNA molecule resembles a twisted ladder. After making the discovery, Crick walked into a Cambridge pub and announced that he and Watson had found the secret of life. But only a few people at the time even thought it was in

29、teresting, Crick once said, and it took years before the groundbreaking discovery was firmly accepted. Decades later, the discoverys impact can be seen everywhere. It laid the foundation for the biotechnology industry, enabling scientists to engineer bigger tomatoes, doctors to pursue gene therapy t

30、o treat disease, and police to solve crimes through DNA evidence. Biotechnology is a billion-a-year industry that has produced some 160 drugs and vaccines, that has produced some 160 drugs and vaccines, treating everything from breast cancer to diabetes. Seven million farmers in 18 countries grew ge

31、netically engineered crops last year, allowing them to grow food with fewer pesticides.Its almost too difficult to pay him high enough tribute for what he contributed, said Stanford University scientist Paul Berg, who won the Nobel in chemistry in 1980 for his pioneering work with genetic engineerin

32、g. Cricks work helped to usher in a golden age of molecular biology, said Lord May of Oxford, president of Britains academy of scientists, the Royal Society. Crick and Watson were awarded the Nobel in medicine in 1962. Watsons 1968 best seller The Double Helix told how he and Crick used bits of wire

33、, colored beads, sheet metal and cardboard cutouts to construct a 3-D model of the molecule. Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is made up of four chemical building blocks, known as bases. Each rung in the twisted ladder is made up of two bases, and the various combinations of bases and the order in whi

34、ch the rungs are arranged spell out the information stored in genes. Building on their work and that of others over the decades, scientists can now alter genes to breed out disease and breed in desired traits. That newfound power has stirred ethical debates, but Crick said there was no way in the 19

35、50s that he could have foretold modern DNA developments. Think of the effect television has had worldwide on politics, he said. You cant possibly expect the man who invented the transistor to have seen that. In a statement Thursday, Watson hailed Crick for his extraordinarily focused intelligence an

36、d for the many ways he showed me kindness and developed my self-confidence. He treated me as though I were a member of his family, Watson said. Being with him for two years in a small room in Cambridge was truly a privilege. I always looked forward to being with him and speaking to him, up until the

37、 moment of his death. In person Crick was provocative, quick-witted and charming, though he rarely consented to interviews. He was averse to attention of any sort, he said, not because he was anti-social but because it cut into his thinking time. Unlike many scientists, Crick did not spend his days

38、toiling in a lab or instructing students. Instead, he read and mused in his Salk Institute office overlooking the Pacific Ocean, putting in full days well beyond retirement age. He had come to Salk after resigning from the Cambridge faculty in 1977. Watson and Crick benefited from work by researcher

39、s Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin of Kings College in London. Wilkins shared the Nobel with the two men; Franklin died in 1958. Nobel prizes are not awarded posthumously. Francis Harry Compton Crick was born in Northampton, England, in 1916 to a shoe factory owner and his wife, who bought thei

40、r young son a childrens encyclopedia to help answer his many science questions. He studied physics at University College of London and then built underwater mines for the British government during World War II. After the war, Crick became interested in the division between the living and the non-liv

41、ing and decided to teach himself biology and chemistry. Among Cricks writings was Life Itself: Its Origin and Nature, a book suggesting that the Earth began when microorganisms were dropped by a spaceship from a higher civilization. In another treatise, Crick proposed that dreams exist to let the br

42、ain do some housecleaning, to clear itself for the next set of tasks. Crick acknowledged that some of his postulations were offbeat and speculative. But, he told The Associated Press in 1994, A man who is right every time is not likely to do very much. Crick is survived by his wife, artist Odile Spe

43、ed; three children; and four grandchildren. The family will hold a private funeral service, his wife said. Note: spiral: 螺旋形的 fingerprinting指纹识别 colon cancer：结肠癌 biotechnology：生物工艺学 gene therapy: 基因治疗 molecular biology：分子生物学 spell out：清楚地说明 breed out：在人工繁殖中消除 transistor：晶体管 cut into：侵犯，打断treatise：论文

44、IS GM GOOD FOR ME?People disagree whether GM foods pose a health risk to those who eat them.Views for1. GM crops are tested much more extensively than non-GM crops.2. Any differences between the GM and non-GM crops are studied in detail and full health and safety assessments are made. Such tests inc

45、lude food safety, nutritional quality and allergenic. No crop or food can be grown or sold unless it is proven that they are at least as safe and nutritious as their non-GM counterparts3. Hundreds of millions of people and animals worldwide eat food and feed from GM crops and there have been no ill

46、effects, supporting fully the responsible approach taken by industry and regulators.4. In the future GM crops providing extra nutrients or medicinal substances will make a positive and direct contribution to human and animal health.Views against 1. GM foods might be bad for our health. There has not

47、 been enough research to evaluate the short or long-term effects of GM foods on both human and animal health. 2. The risk assessments done so far are not robust enough to take into consideration all the unknowns and uncertainties that currently exist. We may be in for some unpleasant surprises.3. GM

48、 foods arent needed for a healthy, balanced diet.ARE GM FOODS SAFE?There is disagreement about whether current GM foods can cause health problems.Views for1. Testing and approval systems for GM crops specifically look for real and potential problems, e.g. the creation of a new allergen. 2. The respo

49、nsible approach taken by industry and regulatory authorities has meant that hundreds of millions of tonnes of GM crops have been eaten without any ill effects. 3. Indeed, the development of a soybean containing a Brazil nut protein was halted by the company involved at the research stage as soon as

50、an allergen problem was detected, and before it was ever grown outside of a greenhouse. This demonstrates that the safety assessments and regulatory system work.4. In 2002 an EU study which looked at 14 years of research by 400 groups of independent scientists concluded that “GM crops are probably s

51、afer than their non-GM counterparts”.Views against 1. Inserted genes might come from plants and animals that have never formed part of our diet before, and this might lead to unexpected health problems. Also, the insertion of the gene might disrupt normal function in ways we cant see or predict. In

52、both cases, the new foods might produce substances that, for example, trigger allergic reactions. 2. Genes can cross from the food we eat to the bacteria in our stomachs, and these might include antibiotic-resistant genes that have been routinely used as marker genes in GM technology. This could ren

53、der antibiotics ineffective against human and animal diseases.3. Testing is not adequate and a full system of safety checks is needed. Safety testing systems cannot be 100 per cent effective in predicting allergenic because we dont know why some things cause allergies and others dont.WHAT ABOUT ALLE

54、RGIES/DISEASES?People disagree whether GM foods present a different kind of threat to health than new non-GM foods. Views for1. This question is not specific to GM and can be asked of any new food that comes on the market. 2. All GM food is tested for its allergenic potential. There is no evidence a

55、t all of allergic and other reactions to the foods from the GM crops currently being grown and eaten by millions of people. 3. In 2002 an EU study which looked at 14 years of research by 400 groups of independent scientists concluded that GM crops are probably safer than their non-GM counterparts.4.

56、 Future GM crops may in fact eliminate allergens from foods such as the peanut or wheat.Views against 1. Because GM crops introduce new proteins into our diet, it is only a matter of time before a GM food will be shown to cause one or other disease or allergy. 2. There is already evidence of increas

57、ing allergy to soya products for example, which might be linked with the growth in the use of GM soya. We do not know enough about what triggers allergies to make our current testing procedures adequate. Long-term population studies are needed. So far, they have not been done, and claims that there

58、have been no effects cannot be believed. WILL GM FOOD BE HARMFUL IN THE FUTURE?People disagree about the future risks of eating GM foods, and about whether these risks are justified. Views for 1. This question is not specific to GM and can be asked of any new food that comes on the market.2. Testing

59、 and monitoring systems are stringent and robust and GM crops and foods can only be grown and eaten if it is proven that they are at least as safe as their non-GM counterparts. 3. As far as eating DNA from GM foods is concerned, we eat DNA every day, in our food. DNA is and always has been digested

60、in our stomachs and DNA from GM plants is no different.Views against 1. GM is being pushed forward far too fast, without adequate monitoring. 2. The current testing and monitoring regimes deal with what we know now and are inadequate to pick up long-term problems. We need new, more rigorous testing

61、methods. Because we dont know enough about how genes work, there may be unpleasant surprises later down the line, after we may have already committed ourselves deeply to GM. 3. The problem is, harmful effects will probably only emerge from large-scale experiments in nature, which exposes us to the r

62、isk anyway. IS ALTERING GENETIC MAKE-UP SAFE?People disagree about whether changing the genetic make-up of organisms through GM technology is harmful, or merely an extension of current breeding practices.Views for 1. Mutation (changes to the DNA code) is happening all the time in nature. This is a f

63、undamental process of evolution.2. Conventional modern breeding uses chemicals and irradiation to create mutations and new varieties. GM is only different from these processes in that it is more precise. Testing regimes specifically watch out for any unexpected events triggered by the process and su

64、ch events are eliminated. Views against1. GM makes it possible to take genes from one species and put them in to a totally different species, crossing plant-animal boundaries for example. 2. Effects of that transfer on the host organism are unpredictable. 3. Scientists do not know enough about how g

65、enes work together to claim that there is no harm. Some unexpected harmful results might be missed in testing or only appear later.CAN WE COPE WITH ANY GM PROBLEMS?People disagree about the potential for GM foods to cause problems and whether we have the ability to prevent or respond to them. Views

66、for1. “Could we cope with any problems?” needs to be asked of all agriculture, not just GM-based systems, and of all foods. 2. There is no evidence that extra risks to health are involved in GM. In fact, non-food GM crops are being developed that will help treat and prevent disease. These include va

67、ccines and medicines that can be produced more cheaply and more effectively in plants than in laboratories.3. GM crops are subject to a great deal of monitoring, which will be able to pick up problems and ensure that they are dealt with.Views against1. We actually know very little about what is happ

68、ening, and how difficult it is therefore to track what harm is being or might be done. 2. The safeguards in place are based on assumptions, not evidence, and on the current state of affairs not the future. If GM technology is accepted, our exposure to its products, in food and in the environment, will radically increase. 3. Any problems in living systems are different in kind from other products once an organism is released, or cross-contamination occurs, we cannot recall them if things go wrong.